Abstract: A brake master cylinder with a plunger piston is acted upon by a brake linkage. A floating piston is arranged between two working spaces and separates the first and the second working space fluidically from one another. Each of the two working spaces opens into a main brake circuit, and the floating piston is axially movable in the brake master cylinder. A sleeve is axially movable in the brake master cylinder and is provided at least between the floating piston and the wall of the brake master cylinder. The sleeve and the wall of the brake master cylinder each have an opening which, in interaction, connect the first working space, formed by the floating piston and the plunger piston, to a displacement passage at least in the case of a movement of the floating piston into a first position in the direction of a brake actuation. With a movement of the floating piston beyond the first position, the sleeve is moved axially and separates the first working space from the displacement passage.

Abstract: A switch arrangement for a control panel placed on the dashboard or a central console in a motor vehicle. The switch arrangement comprises a housing for at least one switch having an actuating element. The switch is located in a receptacle in the housing. A mask whose contour has a curvature and a recess can be mounted on the housing, through which recess an actuating element of the switch projects after the mask has been applied. The housing has at least two housing parts, with each housing part being associated with an area of mask. The side of housing parts associated with the mask is arranged approximately parallel to a plane surface that follows the curvature of corresponding areas of the mask.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for determining the engine load for an internal combustion engine, such device having an input channel for receiving an item of engine speed information, as well as an intake manifold pressure sensor and an air mass flow rate sensor arranged upstream of a throttle valve, and/or a throttle valve angle sensor. The engine speed is fed to a Kalman filter as an input value and at least one of the three variables intake manifold pressure, throttle-valve air mass flow rate and throttle valve angle is fed as a variable measured by the respective sensor. The Kalman filter derives estimated values for the variables intake manifold pressure and throttle-valve air mass flow rate, with which the air mass flowing into a respective cylinder of the engine per working cycle is determined.

Abstract: A device for electromagnetic actuation of a charge change valve for internal combustion engines has an actuator unit that cooperates with the charge change valve and is arranged in a cylinder head of the engine. The actuator has an armature and two switch magnets located on either side of the armature, with the switch magnets holding the charge change valve in an open or closed position. The actuator unit is mounted to float in the cylinder head, with a play-compensating device with a play-compensating piston having a first and second pressure chambers being provided on or in the side of the actuator unit facing away from the charge change valve. The first pressure chamber is controlled as a function of engine pressure and the second pressure chamber is connected by a check valve with the first pressure chamber. Pressure medium can be drained from the second pressure chamber through a throttle line between the play-compensating piston and a cylinder surrounding said piston.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for determining the distance of a vehicle from a roadway side marking. An arrangement of light sensitive sensor elements is fitted to the vehicle for optically scanning a portion of the roadway located in front of the vehicle. An evaluation unit, connected downstream of the sensor element arrangement, is also provided. Only one or a few sensor element lines are used as the sensor element arrangement. Each line scans a narrow strip of the roadway which runs in front of the vehicle, not parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis, and extends laterally as far as the roadway side marking. The evaluation unit reads each sensor element line sequentially and processes the received signals to determine the lateral distance of the vehicle from the roadway marking. The relatively small quantity of data which accumulates permits the processing of the data digitally in real time by a conventional microprocessor. The apparatus is used as sleep warning system or lane guard for motor vehicles.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine has an oil pump, preferably also the cooling water pump, assigned to an independent module which can be mounted separately.

Abstract: A wheel-type landing gear is disclosed for helicopters with fastening measures on the helicopter which permit a receiving of the wheel-type landing gear on the craft at fittings provided for the fastening of skid-type landing gear without any additional support. The possibility of retrofitting and/or backfitting the helicopter is provided. The main wheels are fastened on rocker arms so that the wheel contact point is situated clearly behind the rearward landing gear fittings.

Abstract: Boundary layer air on the skin structure of an aircraft is sucked off through suction holes in the aircraft skin structure by a least one ejector pump. The ejector pump is operated by at least one of several air flow sources. One source is the excess pressure in the passenger cabin at higher altitudes. The other air flow source is tap air from at least one aircraft engine. If necessary, one or the other or both air supply sources may be utilized to operate the ejector pump or pumps.

Abstract: A valence band quantum-well structure with a modulation doping for an optical-component implemented in Si technology. With this component, a high quantum efficiency and detection efficiency are accomplished. By way of spatial separation of the doped zone from the almost undoped SiGe quantum well, the Coulomb scattering and the recombination probability of the charge carriers drifting in the externally applied electrical field is greatly reduced at the doping material cores.

Abstract: A container for an installation into the interior of a vehicle, having a box with a box opening situated on top and a closing part covering it. For a compact construction of the container and a simplified installation mounting, the closing part comprises a guide plate, which rests inside the box opening and covers it partially, and a sliding lid which can be displaced in parallel thereto. On its transverse edge, which extends transversely to the sliding direction of the sliding lid, the guide plate is swivellably held on the upper edge of the box and is prestressed by a spring in a swivelling direction pointing away from the box bottom. The sliding lid is, on one side, guided in the sliding direction and with play in each transverse direction thereto on the guide plate and, on the other side, is guided via a connecting link guide on the box.

Abstract: A double-pane aircraft cabin window arrangement avoids fogging, frosting, or icing of the window without using any active pressure regulating system or other active components. An inner pane and an outer pane are held in a window seal that is mounted in a frame connected to the aircraft fuselage. An interspace is formed between the two panes and sealed by the window seal. A condensation inducing tube is connected by a hose to an adapter tube, which passes through the window seal into the window interspace. The condensation inducing tube is connected in a direct thermally conducting manner to the outer fuselage skin of the aircraft. An open end of the condensation inducing tube is arranged to receive pressurized air from the aircraft cabin interior. As the air flows through the condensation inducing tube, any condensable moisture in the air condenses out on the interior walls of the tube, so that only dry air flows into the window interspace.

Abstract: A hand-held firearm, comprising a casing which accommodates breech parts, a stock which is attached to the casing, and a barrel which is detachably connected to the casing, and having a mounting for a telescopic sight. In order to avoid the disadvantages of the conventional telescopic sight fitting and to allow the entire weapon to have a neat and practical shape, the casing forms a casing extension at the front beyond the connection to the barrel and a longitudinal rail is integrally formed at the top on the casing and on the casing extension as a mounting for the telescopic sight. The casing parts are made of light metal alloy.

Abstract: An arrangement actuates the shift mechanism of a change-speed gearbox and engages and disengages a main clutch via a common servomotor. The shift mechanism, with the interposition of an auxiliary clutch which can be engaged and disengaged by a servomotor, can be actuated independently of the main clutch.