Abstract: In an arrangement for the cooling of vehicle components comprising a first coolant circuit including a first component to be cooled, a radiator with cooling fan and a coolant pump for circulating coolant through the first component and the radiator, a by-pass line arranged in parallel flow relationship with the radiator and including a second heat exchanger with a fan for providing heated air for the passenger compartment of the vehicle and a control valve for controlling the flow of coolant through the by-pass line and the second heat exchanger, there is provided a second coolant circuit which extends also through the second heat exchanger separately from the first coolant circuit and includes an additional component to be cooled.

Abstract: In a fuel injection system for an internal-combustion engine which includes a dual-fluid nozzle which is supplied with fuel by a high-pressure pump and with water by a feed pump providing a substantially lower pressure than the high-pressure pump and which has disposed in a nozzle body a nozzle needle which is spring biased into a closing position where one end of the needle is seated on a valve seat, a fuel supply passage extends to an annular space around the valve needle and a branch passage leads to a control chamber formed at the other end of the valve needle and includes a solenoid valve for controlling the application of pressurized fluid to, and the release thereof from, the other end of the nozzle needle, an additional fluid line extends from the feed pump to the annular space and includes a check valve for permitting flow of additional fluid only toward the annular space and a pressure relief line in communication with the fuel supply passage via a control valve, and a control device is provided for

Abstract: An embossed fluid flow field plate for electrochemical cells comprises two sheets of compressible, electrically conductive material. Each sheet has two oppositely facing major surfaces. At least one of the major surfaces has an embossed surface which has a fluid inlet formed therein. The embossed surface has at least one open-faced channel embossed therein extending from the fluid inlet for conducting pressurized fluid introduced at the fluid inlet. A metal sheet is interposed between each of the compressible sheets. The compressible, electrically conductive sheet preferably comprises graphite foil. A method of fabricating an embossed separator plate for use in conjunction with an electrochemical fuel cell comprises (1) providing two sheets of compressible, electrically conductive sheet material, (2) interposing a metal sheet between each of the compressible sheets, and (3) embossing an open-faced channel in at least one of the surfaces of the sheets facing away from the metal sheet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite structure for electronic components comprising a growth substrate, an intermediate layer having substantially a crystallographic lattice structure arranged on the growth substrate, and a diamond layer applied on top of the intermediate layer, and to a process for producing a composite structure of this type. In order to obtain a diamond layer of highest quality, the intermediate layer has substantially a zinc blende or diamond or a calcium fluoride structure, in which at the outset of the intermediate layer the difference between the lattice constant of the intermediate layer and the lattice constant of the growth substrate, relative to the lattice constant of the growth substrate, is less than 20%, in particular less than 10%, and in which at the transition from the intermediate layer to the diamond layer for the lattice constant of the intermediate layer and the lattice constant of the diamond layer the value of the expression.vertline.(n*a.sub.ZS -m*a.sub.D).vertline.

Abstract: Biological preparations or specimens are treated for a subsequent microscopic inspection. For this purpose it is necessary that the inner structure that is to be studied does not change prior to and during inspection. It is thus necessary to subject the specimens to a chemical and/or mechanical pretreatment for increasing the permeability of the specimen surface to a fixation substance in the form of an aqueous solution that contains an aldehyde fixation agent, preferably a highly volatile fixation agent or substance. The exposure of the specimens to the fixation substance takes place by immersion and/or spraying and/or fumigation. The fixation agent is preferably volatile and in the form of an aldehyde proportion of about 5% by volume or of an acrolein proportion of about 10% by volume.

Abstract: A jaw clutch for the drive of motor vehicles has a first clutch half and a second clutch half which are axially displaceable relative to one another, both clutch halves are provided with axially protruding jaw elements which are distributed uniformly over the contact surface of the halves. In order to engage the clutch halves without synchronization and at the greatest possible difference in speed of rotation in an easy and rapid manner, the jaw elements are provided with transition zones from the front surface and side surfaces of the jaw element which are curved as seen in circumferential section wherein the radius of curvature is 6 to 13%, and the length of curvature in circumferential direction is 3 to 7% the average jaw radius.

Abstract: An inductive guidance arrangement for non-track-bound vehicles on a vehicle supporting surface. Guidance conductors laid alongside the supporting surface carry an alternating current which generates an alternating magnetic field. The actual transverse position of the vehicle relative to the alternating magnetic field is continuously detected by aerial crossed coils arranged on the vehicle at a defined distance above the supporting surface. A controller and steering apparatus arranged on the vehicle detect the actual transverse position of the vehicle relative to a desired position, and generate a steering instruction, which eliminates transversal positional deviation. The guidance conductors are arranged parallel to one another at the same vertical position, with a mutual transverse spacing of approximately 50% of the vertical height of the aerial crossed coils above the supporting surface.

Abstract: A battery-charging device for an electric vehicle contains on the vehicle side a transmitter for transmitting vehicle-specific data which contains an item of information about the instantaneous height position of a contact element on the vehicle side. The charging station has a receiver for receiving the transmitted data, a charge control unit connected to the receiver, as well as a height adjustment device for the charging station which can be controlled by the charge control unit. In this manner, the vehicle can be electrically coupled to the charging station in a reliable and automatic manner when driving the vehicle up to the charging station.

Abstract: A diesel fuel containing an additive which improves the combustion of soot, for reducing the pollutant emission in the combustion exhaust gases from diesel engines by discontinuous burning-off of soot which has been precipitated in the exhaust gas filter, is described. For this purpose, a lithium, sodium or potassium salt of an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol, of a phenol, of an aliphatic acid or of a naphthoic acid, phenylacetic acid or cinnamic acid is added, singly or as a mixture, to the diesel fuel before the combustion of the latter in the internal combustion engine. As a result of the addition of the alkali metal salts, the ignition temperature of the soot precipitated in the particle filter is reduced, and the soot is oxidized at a temperature which is considerably lower than the normal ignition temperature. The regeneration range for the particle filter is therefore reached much more frequently in real running practice.

Abstract: Vibrations of pipes or other components installed in a container such as a tank intended for holding liquids, are damped by surface area damping bodies, e.g. plates with through-holes that are immersed in the liquid in the container. These plates are rigidly connected to the pipes or components to be damped. The vibration damping plates are constructed of metal, for example, and the through-holes reduce the mass and advantageously affect the damping effect. The materials for making the perforated damping plates are selected to be compatible with the content of the containers, such as a fuel in a tank in a spacecraft. The surface area ratio of all cross-sectional areas of the through-holes to the total plate surface area is optimized to achieve a maximum damping effect. These perforated plates are secured to pipes, braces, filters, ducts, or other internal components of fuel tanks of land vehicles, aircraft, and spacecraft.

Abstract: An embossed fluid flow field plate for electrochemical cells comprises two sheets of compressible, electrically conductive material. Each sheet has two oppositely facing major surfaces. At least one of the major surfaces has an embossed surface which has a fluid inlet formed therein. The embossed surface has at least one open-faced channel embossed therein extending from the fluid inlet for conducting pressurized fluid introduced at the fluid inlet. A metal sheet is interposed between each of the compressible sheets. The compressible, electrically conductive sheet preferably comprises graphite foil.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for a pressurized aircraft body includes an air flow closed loop into which fresh air may be introduced either through a fresh air treatment unit or through a trim valve or through both. A first series connection of system components includes a fresh air intake (FA), a closed loop controlled volume flow control valve (FCV) (11, 11.1, 11.2), an air-conditioner (8, 8.1, 8.2), an air mixer (9), and the space (10) to be air-conditioned interconnected by air ducts. A cabin pressure closed loop control (1) controls the air volume through the (FCV) valve. The air-conditioner unit (8) is controlled by an air conditioning closed loop control (2). A second series connection includes a filter (7), a blower (6), and a heat exchanger (4) and preferably a CO.sub.2 adsorber (5) series connected between the blower (6) and the heat exchanger (4). This second series connection forms a recycling circuit flow connected in parallel to the air mixer (9) and to the space (10).

Abstract: A cooling system is provided for cooling food in an aircraft while the food is stored in known catering trolleys that are stowed at prescribed stowage locations, preferably for example at least one on-board galley (3A to 3E) within the aircraft cabin. The cooling system includes at least one central cooling plant (4) located below the cabin floor of the aircraft. Heat exchanger units (9A, 9B, 17A, 17B) are provided in the galleys (3A to 3E). A distribution conduit system, including a supply conduit (5) and a return conduit (6) as well as connector conduits (10A, 10B, 11A, 11B), couples the central cooling plant (4) with the respective heat exchangers (9A, 9B, 17A, 17B) arranged in the galleys (3A to 3E). Connector adapters are provided at various locations along the supply conduit (5) and the return conduit (6), and the connector conduits (10A, 10B, 11A, 11B) include quick connectors that are connectable to the adapters.

Abstract: A control appliance for a motor vehicle steering system provides automatic control intervention (or steering intervention) without corresponding movement of the steering wheel. To this end, the drive connection between the steering wheel and the steered vehicle wheels can, in effect, be separated. The automatic control can be either a closed-loop control or an open-loop control.

Abstract: Fiber reinforced structural components, such as panels with honeycomb cores sandwiched between at least two outer skin layers are dried to remove moisture that may have entered into the interior of the structure. For this purpose the component is cooled in a cooling environment below the freezing point to about -5.degree. to -20.degree. C. and then exposed to a reduced pressure of less than 0.5 mbar. Under these drying conditions moisture is driven out of the component by sublimation so that the moisture does not pass through the liquid phase. The drying time may be reduced by a temperature increase to 80.degree.-100.degree. C. while maintaining the low pressure. The freezing increases the capillary action for the moisture removal. However, for an increased efficiency in the moisture removal small diameter holes, e.g. 0.1 mm bores, may be drilled into the component to facilitate the moisture escape. After drying is complete the holes are closed again e.g. by laminating further cover sheets to the component.

Abstract: A guided missile is directed toward a ground level or sea level target despite the presence of laterally and vertically offset decoys by causing the missile first to "acquire" one of the target or decoys. The guidance system then directs the missile in the azimuth plane toward the acquired target while it directs the missile along a predetermined path that ends in a low level horizontal flight. A simulator simulates a flight path toward the acquired target in the elevational plane. When the simulated flight path toward the acquired target deviates from the predetermined elevational path by a preset amount, a logic system causes the missile to unlock from the target and acquire a new one. Thus the missile will ultimately only lock onto the sea level or ground level target.

Abstract: A drive arrangement for an electric motor vehicle comprises an electric motor, a control rectifier which is connected to and controls the output of the electric motor, a gear box having at least first and second gears, and first and second positively engaging clutches, such as dog clutches, which are associated with the first and second gears. A movable actuator is also provided which causes the first and second positively engaging clutches to engage the first and second gears. A control unit is connected to the actuator and the control rectifier. The control unit receives signals indicative of the rotational speeds at the input and output sides of the gear box, and of the position of the actuator.

Abstract: A system for storing and transporting food and beverages on board of an aircraft is equipped with a centrally arranged container having the configuration of a freight container for holding menu boxes and beverage boxes with at least one distribution station or pantry, and with a transport channel that communicates with the container and the pantry. The transport channel includes at least one vertical conveyor so that the container may be placed on a lower freight deck while the pantry is positioned on the passenger deck. Such a system can handle more menu and beverage boxes of standardized sizes than trolley based systems without sacrificing space for passenger seats.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of classifying and identifying an object, for example satellites, aircraft, land vehicles and ships with a Doppler radar system in which a video signal is generated by means of coherent signal processing and tracking data including, position and changes in position, are determined from the video signal for the object. The method includes representing the object as an inverse synthetic radar aperture image and then selecting a reference object with the aid of the tracking data and the rotational axis of the object. A representation of the reference object is rotated into a position that corresponds to the spatial rotational axis of the object and then superimposed over the inverse synthetic aperture radar image of the object. Identification of the object is effected by comparing the representation of the rotated reference object with the inverse synthetic aperture radar image.

Abstract: In the sub-caliber projectile proposed, the discarding cap (10) is made up of segments (11) whose bases (14) are secured between a pressure plate (15) and a pressure piece (18). In order to ensure that all the sabot segments (11) fall away reliably and precisely, the front end of each segment (11) has two surfaces (40, 41) inclined at an angle to each other in the shape of a roof to form a head (42).