Abstract: A common electrode substrate has a transparent insulating substrate to be arranged opposite to an array substrate having pixel electrodes formed in respective pixel regions that are defined by a plurality of gate bus lines and drain bus lines. The substrate holds a liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy. A common electrode is formed on the transparent insulating substrate; alignment regulating structures having linear protrusions are formed on the common electrode; and a light shield film is formed on the transparent insulating substrate with overlap regions that overlap the pixel electrodes when viewed in the direction perpendicular to a surface of the transparent insulating substrate, so as to shield, from light, alignment defective regions of the liquid crystal formed in regions of end portions of the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate for a liquid crystal display used as a display of an information apparatus, a liquid crystal display having the same, and a method of manufacturing the same and provides a substrate for a liquid crystal display on which the position of a defect can be easily detected to achieve high display quality, a liquid crystal display having the same, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: When radiating light onto a liquid crystal composition containing a photosensitive material, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is adjusted by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal composition layer, to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, or the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is made uniform by adjusting the structure of the liquid crystal display device, or any display defect is driven out of the display area. When radiating light to the liquid crystal composition containing the photosensitive material, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be adjusted so as to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal display device can thus be driven stably.

Abstract: A method for forming a conjugated polymer which is doped by a dopant includes the steps of (a) adding a doping agent comprising a dopant moiety to a solution containing the conjugated polymer or a precursor thereof and, optionally, a second polymer, the dopant moiety being capable of bonding to the conjugated polymer, precursor thereof or the second polymer; (b) allowing the dopant moiety to bond to the conjugated polymer, precursor thereof or the second polymer to perform doping of the conjugated polymer, wherein the amount of doping agent added in step (a) is less than the amount required to form a fully doped conjugated polymer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device capable of obtaining high luminance and good display characteristics, a substrate for such a liquid crystal display device, and a manufacturing method of such a substrate, are provided. A color filter substrate holds, together with an array substrate, a liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy. Color filters are formed on a glass substrate and a common electrode is formed on the color filters. Protrusions and auxiliary protrusions for regulating the alignment of the liquid crystal are formed on the common electrode so as to have different sectional shapes.

Abstract: Mobile phone 1 is provided with personal authentication device 13 arranged on outer side portion 11 of mobile phone 1 when folded. When finger F touches a predetermined surface of personal authentication device 13 with mobile phone 1 folded, personal authentication device 13 starts authentication as to whether or not a fingerprint of finger F is consistent with one of its registered fingerprints. Such authentication can be easily carried out with personal authentication device 13 even though mobile phone 1 remains folded and no keys on operation panel 7 are manipulated. Thus, it improves security for information and data stored in a memory of mobile phone 1.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention is composed of a &lgr;/4 plate 1, a &lgr;/2 plate 2, and a polarizing plate 3 which are provided in this order from the side of a liquid crystal layer 10. Here, an angle formed between an absorption axis of the polarizing plate 3 and an absorption axis of the &lgr;/2 plate 2 is about 45°, an in-plane retardation of the &lgr;/2 plate 2 is set to a value obtained by adding &lgr;/4 to an in-plane retardation of a retardation plate 1, desirably, the &lgr;/4 plate 1, and an optical axis of the &lgr;/4 plate 1 and an optical axis of the &lgr;/2 plate 2 are orthogonal to each other. In this configuration, the optical axis of the &lgr;/4 plate 1 is placed at 150°, the optical axis of the &lgr;/2 plate 2 is placed at 60°, and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate 3 is placed at 15°.

Abstract: Since the drive data for display or their correction values are stored in correspondence with the combination of the upper bits of the current frame image data and the upper bits of the previous frame image data, the capacity of the high-speed memory circuit that stores the conversion table can be reduced. Accompanying the reduction in the capacity of the conversion table, since the precision of the display drive data or their correction values becomes lower, an interpolation circuit is provided and, by means of an interpolation calculation the display, drive data or their correction values having increased precision is generated and consequently the input image data is corrected to generate the display drive data.

Abstract: When radiating light onto a liquid crystal composition containing a photosensitive material, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is adjusted by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal composition layer, to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, or the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is made uniform by adjusting the structure of the liquid crystal display device, or any display defect is driven out of the display area. When radiating light to the liquid crystal composition containing the photosensitive material, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be adjusted so as to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal display device can thus be driven stably.

Abstract: An exposure mask which is capable of reducing non-uniformity in display by a liquid crystal display device. A mask pattern having pattern-forming portions and shield portions mosaically arranged therein is formed in one end portion of an exposure mask, and a mask pattern having pattern-forming portions and shield portions arranged in a manner complementary to the first-mentioned mask pattern is formed the other-end portion of the eposure mask. Further, the exposure mask is formed such that areas between vertically or laterally adjacent ones of the shield portions in mosaic areas where the pattern-forming portions and the shield portions are mosaically arranged are also shielded.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus is provided wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a section formed by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in the presence of a liquid crystal by selectively irradiating active energy rays onto the substrate surface when no voltage is applied, or alignment control layers and bumps are formed by polymerizing a polymerizable compound which is added to said liquid crystal, or first electrodes with a vertical alignment control film and a second electrode with a horizontal alignment control film face each other and alignment control of the liquid crystal is performed by irradiating light from a direction tilted from the normal line direction on said liquid crystal display apparatus. A liquid crystal display apparatus which can implement high transmittance, high-speed response and a wide viewing angle can be provided.

Abstract: The generation of residues or flakes of a color filter is suppressed to eliminate conduction failures on an LCD substrate having a color filter on an array substrate. A passivation film formed between a pixel electrode formed in each of a plurality of pixel regions and a TFT for driving the pixel electrode has a multi-layer structure constituted by SiN layers and a SiO layers, and the SiO layer is located at the top of the film. A resin CF layer is formed on the passivation film having such a multi-layer structure. Since the resin CF layer is formed directly on the SiO layer, reduction of the adhesion of the same is suppressed. As a result, the color filter is unlikely to come off when the resin CF layer is formed, and residues of the color filter is unlikely to be generated when a contact hole is formed in the resin CF layer. This suppresses conduction failures and makes it possible to provide a reliable TFT substrate and LCD having high display characteristics.

Abstract: A light-emitting device comprising a first electroluminescent element for emitting light of a first color when energized and a second electroluminescent element for emitting light of a second color when energized, characterized in that dimensions of the first and second elements and any spacing therebetween are selected to create an overall impression of a single light source when simultaneously energized and viewed as intended.

Abstract: This invention relates to an image processing method for improving the quality of an image to be displayed on a display device and to a liquid-crystal display device using the same, and aims at providing an image processing method for providing wide viewing angle and excellent tonal-intensity viewing angle characteristic and a liquid-crystal display device using the same. Combined together are a higher-luminance pixel to be driven higher in luminance than the luminance data of an image to be displayed and a lower-luminance pixel to be driven lower in luminance than the luminance data, to determine a luminance on the higher-luminance pixel and luminance on the lower-luminance pixel as well as an area ratio of the higher-luminance and lower-luminance pixels in a manner obtaining a luminance nearly equal to a desired luminance based on the luminance data.

Abstract: A LCD panel is disclosed that provides improved performance of the frame area that surrounds the panel's display area. The frame area includes a transparent substrate, and color filters provided side-by-side on the transparent substrate, each of the color filters filtering one of at least two colors. The LCD panel is further constituted by a first electrode that counters the color filters, a second electrode that counters the first electrode, and liquid crystal that is inserted between the electrodes. Display spots are suppressed and the frame can appear in a desired color when the panel is in operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display apparatus used as a display part of an information equipment and an illumination device used for the same, and has an object to provide the display apparatus which can obtain excellent display characteristics and the illumination device used for the same. The illumination device includes plural optical waveguides which include diffusion reflecting layers for diffusing and reflecting guided light, light emission surfaces for emitting the diffused and reflected light, and plural light-emitting areas in which the diffusion reflecting layers are formed and which are separated from each other, and which are stacked so that the plural light-emitting areas are disposed almost complementarily when viewed in a direction vertical to the light emission surfaces, and plural light sources respectively disposed at ends of the plural optical waveguides.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of an MVA type and excellent in the visual angle characteristics has been disclosed. In the liquid crystal display device comprising two substrates and a liquid crystal layer, a structure provide so as to partition the liquid crystal layer and for forming at least one enclosed domain within each pixel is comprised, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules while a voltage is being applied is symmetric with respect to a plane parallel to the substrate and almost passing through the center in the direction of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and an oblique ray of incident light passes through two domains the alignment orientations of which are different from each other.

Abstract: When radiating light onto a liquid crystal composition containing a photosensitive material, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is adjusted by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal composition layer, to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, or the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is made uniform by adjusting the structure of the liquid crystal display device, or any display defect is driven out of the display area. When radiating light to the liquid crystal composition containing the photosensitive material, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be adjusted so as to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal display device can thus be driven stably.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device comprising a pair of substrates with alignment layers formed thereon, and a liquid crystal filled between the substrates. Each pixel has pixel display portions CA, CB and non-display portions DA, EA, DB, EB. The pixel display portions are treated for realizing alignment in a different manner from the non-display portions and the alignment of the pixel display portions is controlled by the alignment of the non-display portions. Moreover, the alignment treatment is executed by the irradiation with ultraviolet rays in an inclined direction.

Abstract: A polysilicon film is formed in a predetermined region on a glass substrate, and then a gate insulating film and a gate electrode, whose width is narrower than the gate insulating film, are formed thereon. Then, an interlayer insulating film and an ITO film are formed on an overall surface. Then, n-type source/drain regions having an LDD structure are formed by implanting the n-type impurity into the polysilicon film. Then, an n-type TFT forming region and a pixel-electrode forming region are covered with a resist film, and then p-type source/drain regions are formed by implanting the p-type impurity into the polysilicon film in a p-type TFT forming region. Then, the resist film is left only in the pixel-electrode forming region and the resist film is removed from other regions. A pixel electrode is formed by etching the ITO film while using the remaining resist film as a mask.