Abstract: The present invention is a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, wherein light having an exposure energy is irradiated on the surface of a photo-sensitive resin layer having a predetermined film thickness, and a distribution of thermal deformation characteristics in the thickness direction (or the plane direction) of the photo-sensitive resin layer is formed, then heat treatment is performed to form random undulation (micro-grooves or micro-wrinkles) on the surface of the photo-sensitive resin layer.

Abstract: The gate bus lines, the data bus lines, TFTs, etc. are formed on one glass substrate. Also, linear structures arranged in parallel with the gate bus lines are formed simultaneously with any one of the gate bus lines and the data bus lines. Then, a positive resist film is formed over the substrate, and then only a surface layer is cured by irradiating the ultraviolet ray onto the resist film. Then, the annealing is applied to the resist film. Since the linear structures are present under the resist film, a cross section of the resist film is corrugated by the annealing and thus wrinkle-like roughness extending in the almost same direction as the structures are formed on the surface. Then, the reflective electrode is formed on the resist film.

Abstract: A TFT matrix-type liquid crystal display device is used in laptop personal computers and wall televisions. On a transparent insulating substrate there are formed gate bus lines for commonly connecting the gates of thin film transistors, drain bus lines for commonly connecting the drains of the thin film transistors, and outside terminals opposed respectively to the ends of the gate bus lines and the drain bus lines. Gate connection lines for commonly connecting the gate bus lines, and drain connection lines for commonly connecting the drain bus lines, are formed on the transparent insulating substrate in regions inner of the outside terminals. The thin film transistor matrix device can be fabricate without occurrence of short circuit defects, with little characteristic change, and with high yields.

Abstract: Cold cathode tube 22 is covered with lamp reflector 31. An edge portion on the side of incident light surface 26a of light guide 26 is interposed between upper and lower edge portions 31a and 31b of lamp reflector 31. Reflection sheet 29 is attached to the back surface 26b of light guide 26. Reflection sheet 29 is fixed on the front surface of frame 32 by adhesive tapes 41 for electric insulation. An interposing width of “A” where the edge portion on the side of incident light surface 26a of light guide 26 is interposed between upper and lower edge portions 31a and 31b of lamp reflector 31, which is larger than a gap of “B” defined between step portion 35 of frame 32 and edge 26d of light guide 26. With the structure arranged above, the edge portion on the side of incident light surface 26a of light guide 26 is firmly held between upper and lower edge portions 31a and 31b of lamp reflector 31.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate and carrying projections and depressions, a reflective electrode on the second substrate so as to cover the projections and depressions and in electrical contact with a switching device provided on the second substrate via a contact hole, and a negative liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, wherein the contact hole is disposed centrally to the reflection electrode and a structure controlling alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is disposed so as to overlap the contact hole viewed in a direction perpendicular to the second substrate.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate and carrying projections and depressions, a reflective electrode on the second substrate so as to cover the projections and depressions and in electrical contact with a switching device provided on the second substrate via a contact hole, and a negative liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, wherein the contact hole is disposed centrally to the reflection electrode and a structure controlling alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is disposed so as to overlap the contact hole viewed in a direction perpendicular to the second substrate.

Abstract: A slit pattern, which is an orientation control element extending in an oblique direction relative to an edge of a pixel electrode on a surface of a TFT substrate, is formed in the pixel electrode to extend in a substantially parallel direction to an extending direction of a bank-shaped pattern. Furthermore, as an orientation control element, fine slit patterns (concave portions in the pixel electrode) are formed locally in a part near the edge of the pixel electrode except in the pixel electrode to extend in an oblique direction relative to an extending direction of the edge.

Abstract: An opto-electrical device comprising an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and an opto-electrically active region located between the electrodes, the cathode electrode including a first layer comprising a material having a work function below 3.5 eV, a second layer of a different composition from the first layer, comprising another material having a work function below 3.5 eV, the second layer being further from the opto-electrically active region than the first layer, and a third layer comprising a material having a work function above 3.5 eV, the third layer being further from the opto-electrically active region than the first layer.

Abstract: On an insulating substrate, a first insulating buffer layer, a heat accumulating-light shielding layer having at least a silicon layer on the surface thereof, a second insulating buffer layer and a first silicon layer are laminated in the order recited from the bottom. The lamination structure of the heat accumulating-light shielding layer, second buffer layer and first silicon layer is patterned. A laser beam is applied the patterned first silicon layer to melt and crystallize the first silicon layer. A thin film transistor is formed by using the crystallized first silicon layer. A polysilicon thin film transistor of high performance and small leak current to be caused by light as well as a display device using such thin film transistors is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides formulations which facilitate the direct deposition of patterned polymer films. In particular, the present invention provides a formulation with which polymer films which exhibit improved emission can be uniformly deposited, particularly in the context of relatively high molecular weight polymers with intrinsically rigid conjugated systems. By way of example, a formulation comprising a conjugated polymer dissolved in a solvent comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of terpenes and polyalkylated aromatic compounds are demonstrated.

Abstract: A method of preparing an efficient photoresponsive device includes the steps of providing a first electrode on a substrate, providing a layer of an organic material including a blend of at least two semiconductive polymers having different electrode affinities and/or different ionization potentials over the first electrode, providing a second electrode over the layer of organic material, at least one of the electrodes being a transparent or semi-transparent, to form a photoresponsive device, and thermally annealing the photoresponsive device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device provided with monostable ferroelectric liquid crystals suited for a field sequential drive for displaying dynamic images, or a liquid crystal display device featuring excellent contrast as a result of obtaining good alignment. An upper substrate on which is arranged an upper alignment control layer that is formed on an upper electrode and is performed an aligning treatment, is stuck together with a lower substrate on which is arranged a lower alignment control layer that is formed on a lower electrode and is performed an aligning treatment in the same direction as the upper alignment control layer.

Abstract: A display package including a box having side walls, a top wall, a bottom wall, a back wall, an open front, a base member which supports the ornamental object therein, and a sleeve including a pair of side tabs which are insertable into the interior of the box in order to removably secure the sleeve to the box is disclosed. The sleeve may include a window or opening for viewing the ornamental object supported within the box, and is removable from the box in a manner which discourages theft, but is easy to assemble.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid crystal displays used in display sections of electronic apparatus and substrates for a liquid crystal display used for the same and provides a liquid crystal display having high luminance and high display characteristics and a substrate for a liquid crystal display used in the same. A configuration is employed which includes a pair of substrates provided opposite to each other, a liquid crystal sealed between the substrate, a black matrix formed like grids on one of the substrates, a plurality of pixel regions defined by the black matrix, and a pillar spacer formed on the black matrix and provided such that it protrudes from the black matrix into four adjoining pixel regions when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device used for a display unit of information equipment and, more particularly, a liquid crystal display device for which a wide viewing angle and a high brightness are required, or a liquid crystal display device which features an improved production yield, wide viewing angle, high brightness and favorable display quality. The liquid crystal display device comprises a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other maintaining a predetermined cell gap, liquid crystals sealed between the substrates, a pixel electrode formed on the first substrate on the side facing the liquid crystals, a common electrode formed on the second substrate on the side facing the liquid crystals, first slits formed in the pixel electrode, and second slits formed in the common electrode, and extending in a direction nearly at right angles with the direction in which the first slits are extending as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface.

Abstract: A rectangular transparent sheet 15 is printed with black dotted density patterns 21 and 22. Each dot of the patterns 21 and 22 is 30 &mgr;m in size while dotted area occupied rates of the patterns 21 and 22 range from 3% to 45%. The density patterns 21 and 22 are used for density level assessment of unevenness on a flat panel display device as standard references. Such density level assessment is carried out by comparing the unevenness with the patterns 21 and 22 or by visual inspection with the latter placed on the former.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light source device utilizing an array of discrete light sources and a display having the same and provides a small and thin light source device capable of achieving high display quality and a display having the same. A planar light guide plate is employed which has point light sources that emit light, a first light-emitting region provided in an area other than the neighborhood of one of the point light sources and having a first lighting element for taking out light guided from the side of the point light source, and a second light-emitting region provided in an area other than the neighborhood of the other point light source and having a second lighting element for taking out light guided from the side of the point light source.

Abstract: The display apparatus has a common substrate and a TFT substrate, and a flexible printed board is attached to the TFT substrate. ICs are arranged in an area of the TFT substrate in a row along an alignment direction, and connection terminals are arranged in that area by the shorter sides of the ICs along the alignment direction of the ICs. The flexible printed board and ICs can be fitted to the TFT substrate, by an anisotropic electro-conductive film, using a thermo-compression bonding head or heads.

Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: There is provided a substrate for a liquid crystal display with which static damage to TFT devices can be prevented and a thin frame can be achieved, a liquid crystal display having the same, and a method of manufacturing the same. Terminal sections to which signals are input from the outside and terminal sections for outputting the signals to driver ICs are constituted by a conductive layer different from gate bus lines and a common wiring. Thus, the gate bus lines can be connected to the common wiring through connection wirings even when the common wiring is provided in a location that is removed at a chamfering step. This makes it possible to prevent TFT devices from being damaged by static electricity up to the chamfering step. There is no increase in steps for manufacturing a TFT substrate.