Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal inserted in an annular seal between the substrates, and a threshold pattern provided in a frame portion between the annular seal and a pixel display area. The threshold pattern has an opening connecting the pixel display area with an area between the annular seal and the threshold pattern. The liquid crystal can move between the space in the threshold pattern and the area between the annular seal and the threshold pattern in response to the expansion and the contraction of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate for a display, a method of manufacturing the same, and a display having the same and provides a substrate for a display which can be manufactured through simple steps with high reliability, a method of manufacturing the same, and a display having the same. The substrate is configured to have a gate bus line, an OC layer formed on the gate bus line, a pixel electrode formed on the OC layer at each pixel region, and a gate terminal for electrically connecting an external circuit and the gate bus line.

Abstract: A stagger type TFT substrate and a fabrication method therefor in which the number of exposure processes is reduced. A resist pattern is formed in an area on the TFT substrate where a drain bus-line (DB) is to be formed and an area on the TFT substrate where a TFT is to be formed by the use of a half tone mask. Etching is performed with this resist pattern as a mask to form the DB and a channel area for the TFT. In addition, a resist pattern is formed in an area where a gate bus-line (GB) is to be formed and an area where a pixel electrode is to be formed by the use of a half tone mask. Etching is performed with this resist pattern as a mask to form the GB and the pixel electrode. The DB and the channel are formed by one half tone mask and the GB and the pixel electrode are formed by another half tone mask. As a result, the number of exposure processes necessary for fabricating a stagger type TFT substrate can be reduced.

Abstract: The vacuum processing apparatus includes a vacuum chamber, a vacuum pump, and a pipe 30 connecting the vacuum chamber to the vacuum pump to evacuate the vacuum chamber. A flexible pipe is included as a part of the pipe, and a mechanism for fixing the flexible pipe so as not to shrink at the time of evacuation. The mechanism includes a bar for fixing the vacuum pump side of the flexible pipe to a floor. In an embodiment, the vacuum processing apparatus is a substrate bonding apparatus for fabricating a display device.

Abstract: A timing controller for a liquid-crystal display panel includes a data enable signal detection circuit which detects a data enable signal applied to the timing controller, and a timing generating circuit which controls a display timing of image data to be displayed on the liquid-crystal display panel on the basis of the data enable signal detected by the data enable signal detection circuit.

Abstract: A multiple wavelength light emitting device is provided wherewith the resonance strength and directivity between colors can be easily adjusted for balance. This light emitting device comprises a light emission means 4 for emitting light containing wavelength components to be output, and a semi-reflecting layer group 2 wherein semi-reflecting layers 2R, 2G, and 2B that transmit some light having specific wavelengths emitted from the light emission means and reflect the remainder are stacked up in order in the direction of light advance in association with wavelengths of light to be output. Light emission regions AR, AG, and AB are determined in association with the wavelengths of light to be output.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel comprises first and second substrates and a liquid crystal inserted therebetween. The first substrate has active elements, picture electrodes and a first alignment film, and the second substrate has a common electrode and a second alignment film. The first and second alignment films are treated such that the liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the alignment films are oriented in predetermined directions (by rubbing), and at least one of the first and second alignment films is at least partly treated such that its surface condition is changed in order to restrain movement of the liquid crystal molecules (by UV irradiation).

Abstract: A vertically aligned liquid crystal display device includes a site in a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are tilted in a predetermined direction in a non-activated state of the liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: When radiating light onto a liquid crystal composition containing a photosensitive material, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is adjusted by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal composition layer, to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, or the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is made uniform by adjusting the structure of the liquid crystal display device, or any display defect is driven out of the display area. When radiating light to the liquid crystal composition containing the photosensitive material, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be adjusted so as to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal display device can thus be driven stably.

Abstract: When radiating light onto a liquid crystal composition containing a photosensitive material, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is adjusted by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal composition layer, to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, or the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is made uniform by adjusting the structure of the liquid crystal display device, or any display defect is driven out of the display area. When radiating light to the liquid crystal composition containing the photosensitive material, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be adjusted so as to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal display device can thus be driven stably.

Abstract: In a vertically aligned liquid crystal display device for controlling liquid crystal molecules alignment in voltage application by providing linear structures or linear slits consisting of a plurality of constituent units to at least one of a pair of substrates having an electrode thereon, there is provided alignment controlling means for forming an alignment singular point s=−1 of liquid crystal molecules at an intersecting point between the structures on the pixel electrode or the slits in the electrode and an edge of a pixel electrode on one of the substrates.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device including vertical alignment layers formed on the substrates. The alignment layer having a polymer realizing vertical alignment is formed on the substrate an unpolarized ultraviolet light is then irradiated in the oblique direction at an angle not more than 45 degrees with respect to the surface of the alignment layer. The ultraviolet light has an exposure energy of 30 to 120 mJ/cm2 per percent of the polymer content realizing the vertical alignment of the alignment layer. The liquid crystal can thus align substantially vertically to the surface of the alignment layer, with a pretilt, and such an alignment is realized by the irradiation of the ultraviolet light, without rubbing.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device comprising a pair of substrates with alignment layers formed thereon, and a liquid crystal filled between the substrates. Each pixel has pixel display portions CA, CB and non-display portions DA, EA, DB, EB. The pixel display portions are treated for realizing alignment in a different manner from the non-display portions and the alignment of the pixel display portions is controlled by the alignment of the non-display portions. Moreover, the alignment treatment is executed by the irradiation with ultraviolet rays in an inclined direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display in which a polymeric component included in a liquid crystal layer is polymerized while adjusting a voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer to regulate the direction of alignment of liquid crystal molecules during polymerization and a method of manufacturing the same. The invention provides a liquid crystal display in which image sticking is mitigated and a method of manufacturing the same. In a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display in which a liquid crystal composition including a polymeric component that is optically or thermally polymerized is sealed between substrates and in which the polymeric component is polymerized while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal composition to regulate the direction of alignment of liquid crystal molecules during driving, a configuration is employed such that a polymerization initiator in the liquid crystal composition has a concentration x that satisfies 0≦x≦0.

Abstract: In an electrode substrate used in a liquid crystal display device, a contact hole for connecting a signal line to a drain electrode of a pixel thin film transistor is provided in a position overlapping a pixel electrode in order to improve yields by reducing a short circuit between adjacent pixel electrodes. With this configuration, the contact hole does not exist at a boundary between the two adjacent pixel electrodes. Accordingly, the pixel electrodes do not suffer an influence of an electrode material remaining at a recess of the contact hole, and a short circuit between the adjacent pixel electrodes can be thereby prevented.

Abstract: When radiating light onto a liquid crystal composition containing a photosensitive material, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is adjusted by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal composition layer, to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, or the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is made uniform by adjusting the structure of the liquid crystal display device, or any display defect is driven out of the display area. When radiating light to the liquid crystal composition containing the photosensitive material, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be adjusted so as to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal display device can thus be driven stably.

Abstract: An optical device having a layer comprising an organic material that includes a substantially uniform dispersion of light transmissive nanoparticles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display used in a display section of an electronic apparatus and a substrate for a liquid crystal display used in the same and provides a liquid crystal display and a substrate for a liquid crystal display used in the same which are manufactured with improved yield and which can achieve high display quality. A configuration includes a sealing material forming region which is provided in a peripheral portion of a glass substrate and in which a sealing material is formed and a cell gap control layer which is formed inside the sealing material forming region and which controls a cell gap.

Abstract: A pattern simulation method includes reticle data and exposure data. The reticle data contain reticle patterns for regions into which an entire pattern is divided. The exposure data are composed of positioning data for reticle patterns to be exposed on a substrate. A substrate pattern is formed on the substrate in accordance with the reticle data and the exposure data. OR logic operations are executed for patterns corresponding to regions of the substrate pattern exposed on the substrate to simulate exposure patterns on the substrate. Design defects of the reticle data or the exposure data can be easily found by checking of simulation patterns corresponding to regions which are not exposed on the substrate when the substrate pattern is formed on the substrate in accordance with the reticle data and the exposure data.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, a plurality of picture element electrodes are electrically connected to a plurality of active elements formed in a color display pixel region, and the plurality of picture element electrodes to be connected to the respective active element are dispersed so as not to be adjacent to one another. Moreover, color filters of the same color are opposed to the plurality of picture element electrodes to be connected to the same active element.