Abstract: A position-measuring device includes a code, including a series of code elements arranged one behind the other in a measuring direction, in which at least two consecutive code elements respectively form a code word containing a position information item, and a scanning device having detector elements for reading the at least two code elements of the code that form a code word, and an evaluation device in which the code word having the current position information may be ascertained from the scanning signals of the detector elements. The scanning device and the code are arranged in a moveable manner relative to each other in the measuring direction. Between adjacent code elements, which have identical properties in the transition region, separating elements having complementary properties are inserted.

Abstract: An optical position-measuring device includes a scanning bar extending in a first or second direction, and a scale extending in the other direction. The scale is offset by a scanning distance from the scanning bar in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions. The device has a light source whose light penetrates the scanning bar at an intersection point of the scanning bar and scale to fall on the scale and arrive back at the scanning bar. At a detector, the light is split by diffraction into different partial beams at optically effective structures of the scanning bar and scale and combined again. A periodic signal is obtained in the detector in response to: a shift between the scanning bar and scale in the first direction due to interference of combined partial beams, and a change in the scanning distance between the scanning bar and scale.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to improved process for preparation of (R)(?)-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid (R-CMHA) of the formula (II) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts in the presence of a lewis acid, process for preparation of pregabalin using R-CMHA of the formula (II) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts prepared according to the present invention and process for preparation of pregabalin with low amount of undesired impurity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a switchable coolant pump for combustion engines which is driven by a pulley, wherein the impeller can be driven switchably by the pulley by way of a friction pairing. The switchable coolant pump according to the invention, comprising a connecting flange (9) for a pressure booster (10), the flange being disposed on the pump housing (1), and a working piston (14) disposed in a working cylinder (15), is characterized, among other things, in that on/in the pump housing (1) both the pulley (3) in a pulley bearing (2) and the pump shaft (5) in a pump bearing (4) are mounted separately, and a sleeve receptacle (17) is disposed in the pump housing (1), wherein an annular channel (19) is located in the annular bottom (18) of the receptacle, and an annular piston working sleeve (21) is inserted in the sleeve receptacle (17) in the pump housing (1), and an annular piston (24) that is provided with an annular piston packing (23) is disposed displaceably in the annular piston working sleeve (21).

Abstract: In a method for detecting near-surface defects in a test sample consisting at least partly of a ferromagnetic material, a test volume of the test sample is magnetized and scanned for the detection of magnetic leakage fields caused by defects. The test volume is magnetized by means of a magnetic constant field and simultaneously by means of a magnetic alternating field superposed on the constant field. Leakage field test devices suitable for carrying out the method are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cosmetic or dermatological preparation, comprising: a) one or more chemical light protection filters selected from the group consisting of 2,4,6-Trianilino-p-(carbo-2?-ethylhexyl-1?oxy)-1,3,5-triazine (ethylhexyl triazon), 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-dion (butyl methoxydibenzoyl-methane), bisoctyloxyphenol-methoxyphenyl-triazine (bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine) and 2-[-4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]benzoic acid hexylester (diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate); and/or one or more light protection filters selected from the group consisting of superficially treated, or untreated, pigments of titanium dioxide or zinc oxide; b) at least one ester of a C8-C16-fatty acid and isoamyl alcohol.

Abstract: A method is provided for operating a hybrid vehicle (1) having an internal combustion engine (2), an electric machine (4) and having a regenerable filter device that absorbs fuel vapors from a fuel tank of the internal combustion engine. To improve the reproducible operation of a hybrid vehicle with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine, in a purely electric driving mode in which the hybrid vehicle (1) is driven only by the electric machine (4), the regenerable filter device is rinsed by switching on the internal combustion engine (2) with a scavenging strategy that is dependent on the velocity of the hybrid vehicle (1).

Abstract: An optical position-measuring device for detecting the position of two objects movable relative to each other in at least one measuring direction includes a measuring standard which is joined to one of the two objects and possesses an incremental graduation extending in the measuring direction, as well as at least one reference marking at a reference position. The reference marking includes two reference-marking subfields disposed in mirror symmetry with respect to a reference-marking axis of symmetry, each of the subfields being made up of a structure extending in the measuring direction and having a locally changeable graduation period. In addition, the position-measuring device has a scanning unit which is joined to the other of the two objects and to which a scanning device is assigned that is used to generate at least one reference signal at the reference position.

Abstract: The present application provide processes for the preparation of fingolimod and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, process for the purification of fingolimod hydrochloride and process for the preparation of amorphous fingolimod hydrochloride.

Abstract: A motor vehicle structure has an A pillar (5), a sill, a front wheel (8) and a slide-off surface (50) for the front wheel (8). The A pillar (8), as viewed in cross section, exhibits a higher strength in an inner region (49) than in an outer region (48) in order to realize the slide-off surface (50).

Abstract: A support structure is provided for a motor vehicle that has a front wheel (8). The support structure includes an A pillar (5) having a slide-off surface (40) for the front wheel. The slide-off surface for the front wheel (8) is inclined so that the front wheel (8) slides out along the slide-off surface (40).

Abstract: A control device of a motor vehicle having a noise transmission system and an exhaust system, wherein the noise transmission system has, for manipulating an interior noise of the motor vehicle, at least one intake noise transmission device which can be coupled via a first tubular connecting element to an air intake pipe leading to an internal combustion engine, the first tubular connecting element being assigned a switchable shut-off device, and which can be coupled via a second tubular connecting element to a vehicle interior, wherein the exhaust system has at least one switchable shut-off device for manipulating an exterior noise of the motor vehicle, and wherein the control device manipulates the operation of the noise transmission system and of the exhaust system jointly as a function of an actuation of a common operating element by the driver.

Abstract: A control system (1) for a vehicle (10) with two axle drive devices (5, 12) has an engine control device (28) for controlling a first axle drive device (5) for driving a first axle of the vehicle (10) by a connected combustion engine (14) in a two-wheel drive mode and by a four-wheel drive mode. The control system (1) also has a control device (26) for controlling a second electric axle drive device (12) for driving a second axle of the vehicle in a four-wheel drive mode. The control device (26) is connected to the engine control device (28) for passing on at least one characteristic diagram to the engine control device (28).

Abstract: An operating element which is cylindrical and has two touch panels with touch-sensitive surfaces, the touch panels being arranged on two outer sides of the operating element which face away from one another, an operating command being able to be input by touching the surfaces of both touch panels, a first focal point for touch being able to be detected on a first touch panel and a second focal point for touch being able to be detected on the second touch panel, and a direction associated with the operating command being able to be dynamically determined by the focal points of the touching of the surfaces of the two touch panels.

Abstract: A drive arrangement for an electric vehicle has an axle drive device of a portal design with two electric machines for driving the wheels of an axle of the electric vehicle, and at least one electric energy store that can be discharged when an electric machine is operated as a motor and/or can be charged when an electric machine is operated as a generator. The drive arranged is characterized in that the two electric machines (11) of the axle drive device (10) are combined with a respectively assigned transmission (12) in an electric axle to drive the individually suspended wheels (2) of the axle by means of, in each case, one articulated shaft flange (13) via a respective articulated shaft. Frequency converters assigned respectively to the two electric machines are combined in a converter unit.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a device for generating ultrasound oscillations. In order to be able to excite with the device oscillations in a vessel simultaneously and uniformly from several sides, the device includes a resonator which oscillates radially in several directions during operation of the device.

Abstract: A wind deflector for a convertible vehicle is connected to a vehicle seat in the region of a headrest. The wind deflector is attached removably to the vehicle seat by connecting elements. A rear wall of the wind deflector extends around the headrest of the vehicle seat and is adjoined by, in each case, lateral air guiding elements with upright protective faces arranged running in the direction of travel and form between them, in a region in front of the headrest, a space that reduces a draft of air. In a further embodiment, the wind deflector can also be provided with a roof-shaped air guiding element.