Abstract: A color effect material is described as composed of a plurality of encapsulated substrate platelets in which each platelet is encapsulated with a highly reflective silver layer which acts as a reflector to light directed thereon, a spacer layer which is selectively transparent to light directed thereon, and an iron oxide layer on the spacer layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for producing hydrogen from an input gas stream containing carbon monoxide and steam that includes contacting the input gas stream with a catalyst. The catalyst contains an inorganic oxide support; a platinum group metal dispersed on the inorganic oxide support; and a methane suppressing dispersed on the inorganic oxide support. The methane suppressing component is selected from the group consisting of oxides of tin, oxides of gallium and combinations thereof. Also provided are preferred catalyst preparations.

Abstract: A catalyst system combining a low temperature conversion catalyst (LTC), a hydrocarbon adsorbent and, optionally, a three-way catalyst (TWC), is designed to achieve an ultra low vehicle emission standard for internal combustion engine powered vehicles, while never exposing the low temperature conversion catalyst to a temperature in excess of about 550° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a layered catalyst composite useful for reducing contaminants in exhaust gas streams, especially gaseous streams containing sulfur oxide contaminants. More specifically, the present invention is concerned with improved catalysts of the type generally referred to as “three-way conversion” catalysts. The layered catalysts trap sulfur oxide contaminants which tend to poison three-way conversion catalysts used to abate other pollutants in the stream. The layered catalyst composites of the present invention have a sulfur oxide absorbing layer before or above a nitrogen oxide absorbing layer. The layered catalyst composite comprises a first layer and a second layer. The first layer comprises a first support and at least one first platinum component. The second layer comprises a second support and a SOx sorbent component, wherein the SOx sorbent component is selected from the group consisting of MgAl2O4, MnO, MnO2, and Li2O.

Abstract: Provided is a method of generating a hydrogen-rich reformate from a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising olefins and alkanes (e.g., LPG). An inlet gas stream containing the hydrocarbon feed stream and an oxygen containing gas stream, is preheated to a temperature of from 180 to 300° C. The preheated inlet gas stream is then contacted with a sulfur tolerant partial oxidation catalyst to form a pre-reformed gas stream, which is preferably maintained below about 400° C. The pre-reformed gas stream is then subjected to a reforming process to form the hydrogen-rich reformate.

Abstract: A layered catalyst composite for controlling vehicular exhaust emissions is disclosed. The composite comprises a substrate such as cordierite, at least one bottom layer deposited on the substrate containing a precious metal component such as platinum and at least one NOx storage component present in the amount of about 0.3 to about 1.5 g/in3, and at least one top layer deposited on the bottom layer containing a precious metal component such as platinum and at least one NOx storage component present in the amount of about 0.0 to less than about 0.3 g/in3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a layered catalyst composite of the type generally referred to as a three-way conversion catalyst having the capability of simultaneously catalyzing the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and the reduction of nitrogen oxides. The structure of the layered catalyst composite of the present invention is designed wherein there are three layers in conjunction with a carrier: a first layer deposited on the carrier and comprising a high surface area refractory metal oxide; a second layer deposited on the first layer and comprising palladium and/or platinum deposited on a high surface area refractory metal oxide, and having substantially no oxygen storage components; and a third layer deposited on the second layer and comprising platinum and/or rhodium as well as an oxygen storage component, deposited on a high surface area refractory metal oxide.

Abstract: A catalytic composition and method of making the same in which a catalytic material has an average pore size distribution sufficiently large to substantially prevent capillary condensation.

Abstract: A massive body, e.g., a tablet, for producing a solution of chlorine dioxide when the massive body is added to liquid water. The massive body comprises a metal chlorite such as sodium chlorite, an acid source such as sodium bisulfate and a source of free halogen such as the sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid or a hydrate thereof.

Abstract: Rare earth silicate octahedral/tetrahedral molecular sieves with the octahedral chains as rare earth centers exhibit enhanced thermal and hydrothermal stability.

Abstract: A diesel powered vehicle is provided with an SCR system which uses an external reducing reagent to convert NOx emissions in a manner which accounts for the effects of NOx transient emissions on the reducing catalyst. Actual NOx emissions produced by the engine are filtered using a variable NOx time constant in turn correlated to the reductant/NOx storage capacity of the reducing catalyst at its current temperature to account for changes in the SCR system attributed to NOx transient emissions. Catalyst temperature is filtered using a variable catalyst time, constant corresponding to current space velocity of the exhaust gas to account for changes in the catalyst temperature attributed to NOx transient emissions. The reductant is metered on the basis of the filtered, corrected NOx concentration applied at a NSR ratio based, in turn, on the filtered, corrected reducing catalyst temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed are green shade yellow pigments represented by the Formula I: wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, a halo-alkyl group containing 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy carbonyl group having 1 to about 5 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and halo-alkyl groups containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; and M is at least one divalent metal. Also disclosed are methods of making the green shade yellow pigments, methods of using the green shade yellow pigments, and coating compositions, ink compositions, electrostatic toner compositions, paint compositions, paper compositions, and plastic compositions containing the green shade yellow pigments.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the regeneration of a catalyst, said catalyst comprising at least one precious metal on an amorphous silica-alumina support, in which process the catalyst is impregnated with an acid, followed by reduction or oxidation of the impregnated catalyst at a temperature above 200° C.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon gas such as methane and LPG is desulfurized in the presence of oxygen and an oxidation catalyst to convert sulfur compounds in the gas to sulfur oxides. The sulfur oxides are then trapped downstream of the oxidation by an adsorbent. The amount of oxygen added to the hydrocarbon gas to promote oxidation is such that the sulfur compounds are selectively oxidized and the oxidation of the hydrocarbon gas is minimized to reduce hydrogen formation.

Abstract: A diesel powered vehicle is provided with an SCR system which uses an external reducing reagent to convert NOx emissions in a manner which accounts for the effects of NOx transient emissions on the reducing catalyst. Actual NOx emissions produced by the engine are filtered using a variable NOx time constant in turn correlated to the reductant/NOx storage capacity of the reducing catalyst at its current temperature to account for changes in the SCR system attributed to NOx transient emissions. Catalyst temperature is filtered using a variable catalyst time constant corresponding to current space velocity of the exhaust gas to account for changes in the catalyst temperature attributed to NOx transient emissions. The reductant is metered on the basis of the filtered, corrected NOx concentration applied at a NSR ratio based, in turn, on the filtered, corrected reducing catalyst temperature.

Abstract: Composite of at least two metal oxides in the form of Primary Particles and a support having a particle size greater than the Primary Particles used in the formation of a catalyst composition for the treatment of a pollutant containing gas.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a catalyzed metallic substrate, such as a metal plate. There is a catalyst layer supported on the substrate surface. The article is useful as part of exhaust systems which can be used with small engines for applications such as motorcycles, lawn mowers, chain saws, weed trimmers and the like. The present invention includes methods to prepare the catalyzed metal substrate and methods of use of the catalyzed substrate.

Abstract: A catalytic trap disposed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine which is operated with periodic alternations between lean and stoichiometric or rich conditions, for abatement of NOx in an exhaust gas stream which is generated by the engine. The trap comprises a catalytic trap material and a refractory carrier member on which the catalytic trap material is disposed. The catalytic trap material comprises: (i) a refractory metal oxide support; (ii) a catalytic component effective for promoting the reduction of NOx under stoichiometric or rich conditions; and (iii) a NOx sorbent effective for adsorbing the NOx under lean conditions and desorbing and reducing the NOx to nitrogen under stoichiometric or rich conditions. The NOx sorbent comprises a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of one or alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides and mixtures of one or more alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides.

Abstract: An article, apparatus and method for simulating poisoning and deactivating catalysts with catalyst poison compounds at least one catalyst poison compound selected from the group consisting of a compound comprising phosphorous, a compound comprising zinc compound and a compound comprising phosphorous and zinc.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a catalyst for reducing the quantity and/or size of particles in the exhaust gases of a diesel engine by means of a zeolite-containing catalyst having acidic properties.