Abstract: A method of reducing high cycle fatigue of a turbocharger fitted to an internal combustion engine in which fuel supply to the engine is controlled by an electronic engine management unit (ECU) in accordance with a fuel map of fuel values required to meet different engine operating conditions. The method comprises varying the fuel value F associated with a particular engine operating condition to thereby prevent the turbocharger running at the same constant speed each time said particular engine operating condition arises.

Abstract: A flow rate sensor detects the flow rate in a pulsating condition including a large amount of the reverse flow. Upstream temperature sensors and downstream temperature sensors are formed in both sides of a heater, parallel resistors are formed in the external side of a thin film portion (cavity), and the downstream temperature sensors are connected at the contacts. The upstream and downstream temperature sensors are respectively allocated to the four sides of the bridge circuit so that the sensors of the same type are not side by side and the electrodes are balanced when the flow rate is zero. The upstream temperature sensor is cooled during the forward flow, while the downstream temperature sensor is influenced by the heater but virtual change is rather small and potential difference between the electrodes becomes larger. During the reverse flow, the downstream temperature sensor is cooled but virtual change is rather small.

Abstract: An improved, durable and versatile umbrella frame assembly is provided to more readily endure abusive weather conditions and that may be quickly, easily and inexpensively repaired. In addition, the assembly is also easily modified to accommodate umbrella canopies of different sizes and shapes. In addition, an improved umbrella operating system is provided to permit simple opening, positioning, and locking of an umbrella while allowing the frame to freely rotate about the pole regardless of the degree to which it is opened, while the pole is held in a stationary position. The assembly includes a pair of hub members mounted about a pole member wherein the main hub member is slidable up and down the pole. A pulley system with a locking cam member may be employed to allow the umbrella to safely and easily open to any desired position. A locking stabilizer arm may be used to secure the main hub member in the fully open position.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a ball grid array package includes the steps of providing a substrate strip having a plurality of sub-substrate strips wherein each has an upper surface and a lower surface, disposing a plurality of chips on the upper surfaces of the sub-substrate strips, forming a plurality of encapsulation bodies for encapsulating the chips on the upper surfaces respectively, and forming a plurality of ribs between the encapsulation bodies.

Abstract: A valve gear for an internal combustion engine capable of promptly switching the position of a piston in a rocker arm to thereby change the engine operating condition with a satisfactory response, even in a low rotation region in which an adequate amount of oil discharged from an oil pump cannot be expected. Depending on positions of pistons slidably fitted in low-speed and high-speed cylinder portions provided in an intake driven rocker arm, a low-speed or high-speed drive rocker arm is selectively operated to press a corresponding one of the pistons. The piston in the low-speed cylinder portion switched in a low rotation region is made smaller in diameter than the piston in the high-speed cylinder portion, to be enabled to be promptly switched.

Abstract: The compressor head, internal and/or external discriminator, and manifold design in general utilize ball valves on the suction and discharge of a cylinder head in the recovery of refrigerant liquid and/or vapor. The device facilitates the flashing of liquid refrigerant pumped to the compressor which, in turn, assists to cool the compressor head. The flashing of liquid refrigerant to vapor also deters liquid transfer into the compressor enhancing performance thereof. The vapor passages within the discriminator, cylinder head and/or manifold are sized for receipt of spring actuated ball's to open and/or close the vapor passages during suction and/or discharge of refrigerant vapor or liquid by the compressor.

Abstract: A method for determining the movement of particles, particularly impurities, in a medium, under the influence of a changing interface between two neighboring phases. In a first step, the temporal and/or local evolution of said interface is determined. In a second step, the movement of said particles in dependence of the temporal and/or local evolution of the phase interface as determined in the first step is calculated. Optionally, the distribution of the particles within the medium at a certain time is then determined.

Abstract: The GaN single-crystal substrate 11 in accordance with the present invention has a polished surface subjected to heat treatment for at least 10 minutes at a substrate temperature of at least 1020° C. in a mixed gas atmosphere containing at least an NH3 gas. As a consequence, an atomic rearrangement is effected in the surface of the substrate 11 in which a large number of minute defects are formed by polishing, so as to flatten the surface of the substrate 11. Therefore, the surface of an epitaxial layer 12 formed on the substrate 11 can be made flat.

Abstract: A carbonic water production apparatus equipped with a carbonic acid gas dissolving apparatus 3 and a circulation pump 1 wherein water in a bath 11 is circulated by the circulation pump 1, and a carbonic acid gas is fed into the carbonic acid gas dissolving apparatus 3 to dissolve the carbonic acid gas in the water, and wherein the circulation pump 1 is a positive-displacement metering pump having a self-priming ability; a carbonic water production method using this apparatus; a carbonic water production method comprising an early step for producing a carbonic water and a concentration maintaining step for the carbonic water; a carbonic water production apparatus equipped with a control for controlling the feeding pressure of carbonic water gas so that give an intended concentration of carbonic acid gas; a carbonic water production apparatus which automatically discharges out a drain; and a carbonic water production apparatus combined with a portable foot bath.

Abstract: A valve gear with a cylinder suspending mechanism of an internal combustion engine, whose entire valve gear mechanism is downsized by efficiently arranging the configuration of the valve gear including the cylinder suspending mechanism. A low-speed drive rocker arm and a high-speed drive rocker arm are disposed in front and at the rear of an intake driven rocker arm so that pistons of low-speed and high-speed cylinder portions arranged side by side in the intake driven rocker arm may be pressed by operating operation arm portions extending from the respective drive rocker arms, to thereby arrange the low-speed and high-speed cylinder portions and the low-speed and high-speed drive rocker arms around the intake driven rocker arm to gather in one place.

Abstract: A tile anchoring system for use in reactors and other furnace like equipment which involves the use of a tile that contains various internal parts. According to the various embodiments of the present invention, the tile is formed as more than one part. In the present invention, various techniques and parts are used to anchor tiles to surfaces wherein the various parts and the tiles themselves “snap” into place with one another and/or with an existing hexmetal mesh structure.

Abstract: Carrier tapes, each carrying electronic circuitry parts at predetermined intervals on a carrier portion, are successively and continuously fed to a punching station from a tape feeding station with at least a pair of tape supply reels. While a carrier tape from a first supply reel is being fed to the punching station, a carrier tape from a second supply reel is set in a standby position. As soon as the carrier tape from the first supply reel is consumed to a last electronic part, a head end of the carrier tape from the second supply reel is spliced to a tail end of the carrier tape of the first supply reel by means of tape holder members located in the course of a tape supply route between the tape feeding station and the tape punching station, thereby make replacement of the tape supply reel quicker and easier.

Abstract: An economical, force-sensing “stiff” capacitive joystick includes a user-manipulable handle coupled to an electrically conductive drive plate, and an electrically conductive surface spaced apart from the drive plate. In the preferred embodiment, one or both of the drive plate and the conductive surface are segmented to produce multiple capacitive sensing elements, such that a force applied to the handle causes a slight deflection of the drive plate, enabling the force to be computed in at least two dimensions through changes detectable in the capacitive sensing elements. One or more electrical controls may be provided on the handle to accommodate different functions. For convenient construction, the electrically conductive drive plate is non-segmented, and the electrically conductive surface forms part of a printed-circuit board having a segmented pattern.

Abstract: An optical inspection unit inspects a surface of an object under inspection optically. A processing unit detects defects on the surface of the object under inspection and their features according to inspection results from the optical inspection unit, detects positions of the detected defects on the surface of the object under inspection, and classifies the detected defects according to their features. The processing unit selects the defects, on which a X-ray analysis should be performed, according to predetermined conditions about the features or the classification results of the defects. Alternatively, the processing unit displays the positions and the classification results of the defects, and an operator picks the defects, on which the X-ray analysis should be performed. A X-ray inspection unit performs the X-ray analyses on the selected or picked defects.

Abstract: The abutment of the rod to the work piece is accomplished in a stable manner by providing an air passage in the inside of the work support for supplying pressurized air for detecting the abutment between the rod and the work piece. Work support is equipped with case, rod, sleeve that elastically deforms to reduce its diameter, hydraulic cylinder for driving rod in an advancing direction, spring for elastically energizing rod in advancing direction, detection nozzle for ejecting pressurized air, air passage connected to detection nozzle, sensor for detecting abutment between the tip of rod and work piece based on air pressure, and a control unit. Work piece is supported by the tip of rod abutting work piece while ejecting pressurized air from detection nozzle, and locks rod by elastically deforming sleeve to reduce its diameter after detecting the abutment of rod by a pressure sensor and control unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tactile sensor which includes: a disk-shaped first strain generating section; plate-shaped second to fifth strain generating sections each provided as an extension of the first strain generating section extended from one of four substantially equiangular peripheral edge portions of the first strain generating section, each of the second to fifth strain generating sections being structured to support the first strain generating section as a leg thereof; first to fourth foot sections extended at a side different from a first strain generating section side respectively from the second to fifth strain generating sections; a diaphragm type first strain gauge attached to a discoid surface of the first strain generating section; and second to fifth strain gauges attached respectively to planer surfaces of the second to fifth strain generating sections, and a gripping robot using the tactile sensor for detecting contact pressure.

Abstract: The basic principles of the method for heavy metals electroextraction from technological solutions and wastewater includes pretreating to remove Chromium-6 and high concentrations of heavy metals and periodically treating in a six-electrode bipolar cylindrical electroreactor made of non-conducting material to achieve lower accepted levels of impurities. Six cylindrical steel electrodes form two triode stacks and are fed with three-phase alternating current of commercial frequency (50-60 Hz), which can be pulsed. Each phase of the three-phase current is connected to three electrodes of one triode stack or in parallel to two triode stacks. The parallel connection of three-phase current to two triode stacks is performed so that the same phase of the three phase current is connected in parallel with each two opposite electrodes of six electrodes located along the periphery, or with two adjacent electrodes. A bipolar stationary aluminum electrode is situated in the inter-electrode space.

Abstract: A cap for a hermetically sealed container includes an interior spike and a unitary security ring which is severed from the cap when an attempt is made to remove the cap from the container. The cap is rotatable in one direction to pierce through and puncture the neck of the container and allow access to the container contents. The security ring is severed from the cap when an attempt is made either to remove the cap from the container or to pierce the neck of the container with the interior spike.

Abstract: A modulated Class E transmitter is disclosed. In one embodiment of the invention, the modulated Class E oscillator achieves high coil currents (˜1 A) and voltages (˜500V) with low power components by precisely timed injection of current when the oscillating current in the inductor passes through zero. A detector circuit is used to trigger the current injection at the appropriate instant regardless of changes in the resonant frequency of the system. Its phase can be adjusted to compensate for propagation delays in the drive circuitry, while amplitude modulation is accomplished by switching in additional reactive conductance to increase the current injected into the tank circuit. Frequency modulation is accomplished in an alternate embodiment.

Abstract: An apparatus for extracting samples of product such as liquid or gas from a product chamber. The apparatus comprises a sample chamber arranged in a housing for movement between positions projected into and retracted from the product chamber. The housing is connected to a lateral side of the product chamber in such a manner as to surround an opening thereof in a sealing relation. The apparatus further has a product outlet and a plunger that includes the sample chamber and is supported for axial movement in the housing which is configured as a cylinder.