Abstract: Provided herein are methods for producing a fermentation product, such as ethanol, by co-culture of a member of the genus Paenibacillus and an ethanologenic microbe, such as yeast or E. coli. Also provided are methods for making enzymes useful in the saccharification of a pretreated lignocellulosic material. The enzymes may be made by culturing a member of the genus Paenibacillus in a composition suitable for production of such enzymes. An example of such a composition is a pretreated lignocellulosic material, for example, spent hydrolysates. Also provided are genetically modified members of the genus Paenibacillus that have been genetically modified to not produce an antimicrobial, for instance, a polymyxin E.

Abstract: An isolated homogeneous population of cells comprising a plurality of human ectodermal progenitor cells. Also provided are methods of generating and using the population of cells.

Abstract: An adaptive switched-capacitor equalizer includes a first variable capacitor that is switchably connected between an input voltage and an output voltage, and a second variable capacitor that is switchably connected between the input voltage and the output voltage. The equalizer operates in a sequence of three phases, in a first phase of which the first variable is reset; in a second phase of which the first variable capacitor and the second variable capacitor are electrically connected in parallel between the input voltage and the output voltage; in a third phase of which calibration is performed according to the input voltages received in sequence.

Abstract: Novel compounds and compositions for treating patients in need of relief from HIV, AIDS and AIDS-related diseases are described. Methods for treating HIV, AIDS, and AIDS-related diseases using the compounds described herein are also described.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an artificial iris prepared by forming a ring-shaped hydrophilic region on a biocompatible substrate, coating a curable material thereon and then coating a photoreactive material mimicking the iris frills through optical irradiation. The artificial iris may be implemented into the real human eye and is capable of regulating the intensity of the light reaching the retina through the pupil depending on the intensity of ambient light.

Abstract: A device and related method that provides, but is not limited thereto, a two-phase heat transfer device with unique combination of enhanced evaporation and increased cooling capacity. An advantage associated with the device and method includes, but is not limited thereto, increased cooling capacity per unit area, controlled and optimized evaporation, 10 prevention of boiling, and prevention of drying of the evaporator. An aspect associated with an approach may include, but is not limited thereto, using a non-wetting coating or structure to keep working fluid away from the spaces between elongated members of an evaporator and using a wetting coating or structure to form thin films of working fluid around the distal region of the elongated members.

Abstract: An online social learning platform receives questions from users. Other users submit answers to the questions on the social learning platform. The platform tracks the contributions of the users who submit answers and rewards them by crediting their accounts on the social learning platform with volunteer time. The platform generates reports of the users' accumulated volunteering hours that the users can submit to their respective schools for credit towards requirements to spend time volunteering, for example, to earn their high school diplomas.

Abstract: Provided herein is a composite, comprising: a polymer host selected from the group consisting of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polypropylene (PP), polyurethane, polycaprolactone (PCL), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and polyoxymethylene (POM); and a guest molecule comprising hyaluronic acid; wherein the guest molecule is disposed within the polymer host, and wherein the guest molecule is covalently bonded to at least one other guest molecule. Also provided herein are methods for forming the composite, and blood-contracting devices made from the composite, such as heart valves and vascular grafts.

Abstract: A method of measuring the concentration of an analyte in a turbid solution containing the analyte and a solvent is disclosed. The method includes determining a turbidity value for the turbid solution based on a Raman line intensity calibration data set for the solvent. The method further includes determining turbidity correction factor based on the turbidity value and a Raman line calibration data set for the analyte and applying the turbidity correction factor to the Raman line intensity of the analyte in the turbid solution and calculating a turbidity-corrected Raman line intensity for the analyte in the turbid solution. The turbidity-corrected Raman line intensity of the analyte in the turbid solution is then used to determine the concentration of the analyte in the turbid solution utilizing previously developed calibration data sets relating Raman line intensity to analyte concentration in solutions of negligible turbidity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel antiviral compounds which are covalently attached to solid, macro surfaces. In another embodiment, the invention relates to novel antiviral compositions including a polymeric material and, embedded therein, an antiviral compound. In other embodiments, the invention relates to making a surface antiviral and making a polymeric material antiviral.

Abstract: A device and method are proved for transferring a target from a first location to a second location. The target is bound to solid phase substrate to form a target bound solid phase substrate. The device includes transfer surface for receiving the target bound solid phase substrate thereon for transfer. The transfer surface movable between a first position wherein the transfer surface is aligned with the first location and spaced therefrom by a distance and a second position wherein the transfer surface is aligned with the second location. An alignment structure aligns the transfer surface with respect to the second location, with the transfer surface in the second position. A force is movable between an attraction position wherein the target bound solid phase substrate are drawn toward the transfer surface and a discharge position wherein the target bound solid phase substrate are free of the force.

Abstract: A synthetic jet for a stationary vane for a turbo-machine is disclosed. The synthetic jet includes a backside cavity and a jet cavity. The jet cavity includes a frontside cavity adjoining the backside cavity and a jet passage extending from a fluid stream interfacing surface of the airfoil towards the frontside cavity. The jet passage is in flow communication with the frontside cavity. The synthetic jet also includes a disk located between the backside cavity and the frontside cavity. The disk includes a cylindrical disk and a coating on each side of the cylindrical disk. The coating is a piezo electric ceramic material.

Abstract: A microwave hyperthermia treatment system employs a set of antennas individually controllable to provide different phase and amplitude outputs and controlled to cycle through different sets of phases and amplitudes over time to minimize the effect of hotspots formed by any given set of phases and amplitudes and creating limiting high temperatures outside of a desired treatment area.

Abstract: A flexible chemiresistor (CR) sensor for sensing a molecule of interest in a fluid (liquid or gas) is provided. The flexible CR sensor comprises a flexible chemiresistor (CR) module. The flexible CR module comprises a flexible substrate such polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) or polyimide (PI), and a thin film nanoparticle assembly assembled on the flexible substrate. The thin film nanoparticle assembly comprises metal or metal alloy core, ligand-capped nanoparticles and molecular linkers connecting the nanoparticles. The flexible CR sensor and an intelligent pattern recognition engine can be incorporated in a handheld device that can detect a molecule of interest in a fluid (e.g., a liquid or gas) accurately, rapidly, and without false positives. Any sensing array nanomaterial, pattern recognition, and compact/or electronic hardware can be integrated to achieve a desired detection limit and response speed.

Abstract: Transfer of nanoscale elements from a substrate on which they were manufactured or transferred to a flexible sheet may be performed by local and progressive deformation of the flexible sheet over the surface of the substrate to attach and lift the nanoscale elements from the substrate with controlled inter-element registration.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of preparing powder of a solid carbazic acid derivative, which involves inducing a reaction of a liquid hydrazine derivative with carbon dioxide at a high pressure of from about 0.5 MPa to about 100 MPa. During the reaction, the pressure may range from about 0.5 MPa to about 100 MPa. In this regard, although the reaction of the carbon dioxide with the liquid hydrazine derivative occurs when the pressure is adjusted to below than about 0.5 MPa, sticky precipitates in a form of gel are gradually produced but the powder is not produced.

Abstract: A compression ignition engine uses two or more fuel charges having two or more reactivities to control the timing and duration of combustion. In a preferred implementation, a lower-reactivity fuel charge is injected or otherwise introduced into the combustion chamber, preferably sufficiently early that it becomes at least substantially homogeneously dispersed within the chamber before a subsequent injection is made. One or more subsequent injections of higher-reactivity fuel charges are then made, and these preferably distribute the higher-reactivity matter within the lower-reactivity chamber space such that combustion begins in the higher-reactivity regions, and with the lower-reactivity regions following thereafter.

Abstract: A rotor and a motor are provided in which the q-axis inductance is increased and the leakage of magnetic flux is prevented to ensure high power operation at high level driving speeds. The rotor includes a rotor core, which is formed at the center thereof with a hole coupled to a shaft, and a module configured to be coupled to the rotor core and comprises a pair of first permanent magnets, which are space apart from each other, and a first connection part connecting ends of the first permanent magnets to each other.

Abstract: A successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) includes a comparator coupled to receive a sampled input voltage; a pair of arrays each including individually switchable binary-weighted capacitors that are switchably coupled to an output of the comparator via phase switches, respectively. A phase signal for controlling a corresponding phase switch associated with a current bit becomes asserted when a preceding bit finishes comparison, and the phase signal becomes de-asserted when the current bit finishes comparison.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of killing, inhibiting the growth, and/or inhibiting the reproduction of kinetoplastid protozoan with hydrophobic signal sequence peptides and compositions including such hydrophobic signal sequence peptides.