Abstract: A method of differentiating embryonic stem cells into neural and motor cells is disclosed. In one embodiment, the invention comprises culturing a population of cells comprising a majority of cells that are characterized by an early rosette morphology and are Sox1?/Pax6+ in the presence of FGF2, FGF4, FGF8, FGF 9, or RA wherein the cells are characterized by an neural tube-like rosette morphology and are Pax6+/Sox1+.

Abstract: A system is provided that simulates the in vivo micro-environment of three-dimensional cellular structures or bodies, such as tumors. The system simulates the pressure gradients and fluid flows of the vascular and lymphatic systems as well as the interstitial and capillary transport mechanisms between the 3D cellular structure and the vascular and lymphatic systems. The system can be used to introduce drugs or drug delivery carriers to a tumor, for example, to assess the uptake capability and effect on the tumor. The system maintains the viability of the tumor cells for a sufficiently long period of time to permit testing of several different drugs and/or delivery carriers.

Abstract: Devices and methods for using changes in the defects in micrometer sized dispersed liquid crystal domains to detect or quantify analytes in a test sample, including endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are disclosed. The dispersed liquid crystal microdomains are exposed to the test sample, and any changes in the number of defects in the liquid crystal microdomains are detected by detecting changes in the anchoring configuration of the microdomains. Such changes in anchoring configuration indicate the presence of analyte in the test sample.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for desensitization for prevention or diminishing hypersensitivity reactions including C activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA) and other reactions to particulate medicines. The desensitization is performed via pretreatment using a drug-free vehicle or carrier to eliminate or diminish the clinical symptoms of hypersensitivity.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions designed to reduce or prevent bacterial infections (for example pneuomococcal infections), nasal carriage, nasal colonization, and central nervous system invasion. Provided herein is a composition comprising a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 or a variant thereof that can elicit an anti-neuraminidase immune response. Further provided are methods of making and using the compositions disclosed herein. Specifically provided are methods of generating antibodies in a subject comprising administering to the subject an agent or composition taught herein. Also provided are methods of reducing or preventing nasal carriage or pneumococcal infection in a subject comprising administering to the subject a composition taught herein.

Abstract: An electronic filter circuit includes an electromechanical resonator that is mounted directly to the surface of a silicon integrated circuit, rather than being a surface mounted or leaded filter can on a circuit board. This filter circuit allows the integrated circuit electronic package to be significantly smaller than a conventional electromechanical resonator package. The electromechanical resonator may be protected during processing and during use with a protective cover that is made of a material such as titanium. The protective cover is attached to the integrated circuit chip.

Abstract: Analyte sensors, methods for producing and using analyte sensors, methods of detecting and/or measuring analyte activity, detecting pH change, and/or, controlling the concentration of an analyte in a system, are disclosed. Embodiments of the analyte sensors according to the disclosure can provide an accurate and convenient method for characterizing analyte activity, detecting pH change, controlling the concentration of an analyte in a system, and the like, in both in vivo and in vitro environments, in particular in living cell imaging.

Abstract: In accordance with the purpose(s) of the present disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein, embodiments of the present disclosure, in one aspect, relate to infrared (IR) filter systems, methods of using the IR filter systems, and methods of degrading a contaminant, and the like.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for autonomously mixing multiple devices capable of storing and playing audio signals is provided. Multiple devices can be mixed into one standard stereo signal that can then be played on any sort of powered speakers or amplifier. The apparatus is capable of receiving multiple audio inputs and can combine multiple iPods®, iPhones®, MP3 devices, or other devices capable of storing and playing audio signals, such that more than one device can be played at one time. No human intervention is required to control the device when the device is in autonomous mode. The autonomous mode can include random song playback using multiple devices.

Abstract: Materials and methods related to using natriuretic polypeptides to reduce proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and to reduce or prevent restenosis.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell including an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and an electrolyte/ion exchange membrane between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. The cathode electrode uses an iron redox couple as an oxidizer. The iron redox couple is regenerated by an oxidizing substance. The fuel cell does not need a noble metal catalyst, is thus economical in manufacturing costs, and has high power density, thereby improving energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the fuel cell is capable of decomposing an oxidizing substance, such as NOx, Cl2, Br2, or O3.

Abstract: The method for transmitting a signal while avoiding the influences of an interference signal in the same channel according to the present invention comprises: a process in which communication devices in the communication system perceive, in a distributed manner, whether or not an interference signal exists in a transmission channel being used; a process in which the communication devices in the communication system temporarily transceive signals using a plurality of available transmission channels other than the transmission channel currently being used so as to avoid an interference signal if the interference signal is perceived; and a process of determining the channel having a best link state as a transmission channel from among the plurality of used transmission channels and returning to an existing transmission system using a single channel.

Abstract: A system is provided for monitoring intraocular pressure, the system comprising: a sensor package configured to be disposed in the suprachoroidal space of a patient's eye; a pressure sensor; a wireless transceiver disposed within the sensor package and coupled to the pressure sensor; an external transceiver, the external receiver being wirelessly coupled to the wireless transceiver when the transceiver is disposed proximate to the patient's eye.

Abstract: A neutron detection system may include a neutron detector including a plurality of neutron detection devices, a plurality of discrete neutron moderating elements, wherein each of the neutron moderating elements is disposed between two or more neutron detection devices, the plurality of neutron detection devices and the plurality of discrete neutron moderating elements disposed along a common axis, a control system configured to generate a detector response library, wherein the detector response library includes one or more sets of data indicative of a response of the detector to a known neutron source, receive one or more measured neutron response signals from each of the neutron devices, the one or more measured response signals response to a detected neutron event, and determine one or more characteristics of neutrons emanating from a measured neutron source by comparing the one or more measured neutron response signals to the detector response library.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of altering metabolism of phosphate in a livestock via an antibody. The methods involve the development of an antibody against FGF-23 for the purpose of reducing phosphate excretion by an animal.

Abstract: Single nucleotide polymorphic sites at positions 19069 and 25402 of the bovine STAT3 gene are associated with improved fertilization rate and/or improved embryo survival rate. The interactions between these two polymorphisms, and between them and the bovine STAT1 gene and fertilization and early embryonic survival rates were also disclosed. The interactions between STAT3 SNPs, and between STAT1 and STAT3 SNP19069 were highly significant for embryonic survival rate. Also disclosed are nucleic acid molecules, kits, methods of genotyping and marker assisted bovine breeding methods.

Abstract: This invention relates to representations of prostaglandin synthase three-dimensional structures. Such representations are suitable for designing agents that modulate the activity of the enzyme by binding to the substrate binding domain.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing an audio signal and method thereof are disclosed. The present invention includes receiving, by an audio processing apparatus, an audio signal including a first data of a first block encoded with rectangular coding scheme and a second data of a second block encoded with non-rectangular coding scheme; receiving a compensation signal corresponding to the second block; estimating a prediction of an aliasing part using the first data; and, obtaining a reconstructed signal for the second block based on the second data, the compensation signal and the prediction of aliasing part.

Abstract: Hydrazone compounds which modulate cannabinoid receptors are presented. Pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, methods of using these compounds as modulators of cannabinoid receptors and processes for synthesizing these compounds are also described herein.

Abstract: A biochip including a metal nanoparticle layer on a multilayer substrate can perform qualitative and quantitative analyses simply without a separate tag. A biochip including a metal nanoparticle layer on a multilayer substrate and using a CMOS image sensor can be an economically beneficial biochip reusable and convenient in use by employing a relatively simple detection method without a need of using a separate tag.