Abstract: Compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein A, B, and C are hydrogen, halogen, or azido; D is hydrogen, halogen, azido, or OH; A and B or C and D can be replaced with a double bond; R is an aldohexose, aldohexosamine, or N-acetyl aldohexosamine, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen or alkyl groups of from C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 ; W is oxygen or sulfur; X is oxygen, sulfur, or CH.sub.2 ; Y is a purine or pyrimidine base, and Z is carbon, sulfur, or oxygen. Y can be any purine or pyrimidine base, natural or synthetic, which combines with a sugar to form a biologically active nucleoside. In combination with an appropriate pharmaceutical carrier, the compositions have enhanced activity or increased intracellular absorbment over the parent nucleoside as a function of the 5'-O-diphosphosugar.

Abstract: Pharmaceutically pure physiologically active N.sup.G -aminoarginine (i.e., the L or D,L form) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in a nitric oxide synthesis inhibiting amount to a subject in need of such inhibition (e.g. a subject with low blood pressure or needing immunosuppressive effect) or is added to a medium containing isolated organs, intact cells, cell homogenates or tissue homogenates in an amount sufficient to inhibit nitric oxide formation to elucide or control the biosynthesis, metabolism or physiological role of nitric oxide.N.sup.G -amino-L-arginine is prepared and isolated as a pharmaceutically pure compound by reducing N.sup.G -nitro-L-arginine, converting L-arginine by-product to L-ornithine with arginase and separating N.sup.G -amino-L-arginine from the L-ornithine. N.sup.G -amino-D,L-arginine is prepared in similar fashion starting with N.sup.G -nitro-D,L-arginine.

Abstract: A method is provided for inhibiting growth of cancer cells comprising contacting said cells with an effective growth-inhibiting amount of a compound of the formula (II): ##STR1## or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are individually L-amino acid residue selected from the group consisting of Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Leu, Lys, Phe, Ser, Vl, Ile, Arg, Tyr, Thr, Asp, Asn and Gly; R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 (alkyl) which is unsubstituted or is substituted with an aromatic substituent or one or more in-chain bivalent groups selected from the group consisting of --O--, --CO--, --S--, --NH--, --CONH--, CH.dbd.CH--, and --SO.sub.2 --; Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are each H, or taken together form a moiety derived from a dihydroxy compound, and R.sup.1 is H or an N-terminal protecting group.

Abstract: The present invention and process relates to crystal lattice mismatched semiconductor composite having a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor growth layer deposited thereon to form an interface wherein the growth layer can be deposited at thicknesses in excess of the critical thickness, even up to about 10.times. critical thickness. Such composite has an interface which is substantially free of interface defects. For example, the size of the growth areas in a mismatched In.sub.0.05 Ga.sub.0.95 As/(001)GaAs interface was controlled by fabricating 2-.mu.m high pillars of various lateral geometries and lateral dimensions before the epitaxial deposition of 3500.ANG. of In.sub.0.05 Ga.sub.0.95 As. The linear dislocation density at the interface was reduced from >5000 dislocations/cm to about zero for 25-.mu.m lateral dimensions and to less than 800 dislocations/cm for lateral dimensions as large as 100 .mu.m.

Abstract: A double-crystal X-ray monochromator includes entrance and exit crystal assemblies mounted on a support structure to provide full parallelism of the crystals while one crystal is rotated and the other rotated and translated with respect to the first, allowing selection of the wavelength of X-rays to be passed through the monochromator. The monochromator is mounted in an ultra-high vacuum chamber by supports which pass through the vacuum chamber to support the monochromator independently of the vacuum chamber. Bearings supporting the monochromator provide very low friction to linear movement and rotation to allow high precision to be obtained. To compensate for the heating of the entrance crystal due to impingement of high energy X-rays on the crystal, the entrance crystal is cooled using a radiation heat transfer system which provides no physical contact between the radiator connected to the entrance crystal assembly and the heat transfer structure on the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: Analogs are prepared of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors methazolamide, and dichlorphenamide. The analogs link a cleavable functional group to the pharmacologically active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor resulting in compounds of improved corneal permeability, which are non-irritable to the eye and which are effective topically to inhibit intraocular pressure.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel polyorganosiloxanes, both linear and cyclic, havingpendant thereon isocyanate groups derived from specific .alpha.,.alpha.-dimethyl isopropenyl benzyl isocyanates. Also disclosed is a method for production of said polyorganosiloxanes.The disclosed polyorganosiloxanes are useful as crosslinking agents and as intermediates in the production of star polymers, starburst dendrimers, urethanes and ureas.

Abstract: Neurological therapy devices are disclosed for the local and controlled delivery of a neurotransmitter to the brain of a subject suffering from neurotransmitter deficiency or dysfunction. In one embodiment the device includes a biocompatible, implantable, and retrievable polymeric insert including a source of neurotransmitter embedded therein. In another embodiment, the device includes a retrievable source of neurotransmitter including at least one neurotransmitter-secreting cell encapsulated within a semipermeable membrane allowing the diffusion therethrough of the neurotransmitter, and further includes a source of growth factor in close proximity to the neurotransmitter-secreting cells.

Abstract: An external anchoring system for securing medical tubing to a body includes a resilient receptor disposed upon the exterior of a tube to be anchored; means for attachment of the anchoring system to the body; means for linking connected to the means for attachment to the body; and a knoblet projecting from the means for linking. The resilient receptor provides a reversible interference fit for the knoblet. Preferably, the resilient receptor is one of a plurality of resilient receptors disposed longitudinally on the tubing. Also, a method for anchoring a non-inserted portion of a naso-gastric catheter to the nose of a patient is disclosed and includes the steps of providing a naso-gastric catheter having a resilient receptor; providing a link having a nose attachment on one end and a knoblet on the opposite end; attaching the link to the nose; and inserting the knoblet into the resilient receptor.

Abstract: An organic silazane polymer is prepared by passing a silazane compound in por form through a hollow tube heated at 400.degree. to 700.degree. C. for activation and thermally polymerizing the silazane compound in a liquid phase. Inorganic fibers can be prepared from the organic silazane polymer by melt spinning, infusibilizing, and sintering. An apparatus for preparing an organic silazane polymer is also provided, comprising a heated reactor vessel for evaporating and thermally polymerizing a silazane compound, a heated hollow tube in flow communication with said reactor vessel for receiving the silazane compound vapor and heating it at 400.degree. to 700.degree. C. for activation, and a conduit, with a condenser for condensing the vapor, for feeding the condensed silazane compound back to the reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus for dividing embryos that are maintained in a flushing or saline solution is provided for removable insertion within a test tube-like container having an open container end and a sealed rounded end. The apparatus assembles within or without the container and includes a generally cylindrical partition cup having a rounded end that conforms to the rounded sealed end of the container and an elongated cylindrical central barrel having an elongated chamber, the central barrel having a portion thereof which is placed contiguous to the partition cup. The apparatus also includes an elongated, generally cylindrical embryo guide funnel having a funnel-shaped end further defined by an elongated member. The elongated member further defines a tubular passageway that allows the embryo to pass therethrough for division or bisection by a cutting edge attached to the partition cup and positioned adjacent the passageway.

Abstract: A method and compositions to treat and prevent tibial dyschondroplasia in animals, particularly fowl, which includes administering to animals an effective amount of the vitamin D.sub.3 derivatives 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 1,25-dihydroxy-26,27-hexadeuterocholecalciferol, 1-hydroxycholecalciferol, 1,24,25-trihydroxycholecalciferol, 1,25-dihydroxy-24-fluorocholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol alone or in combination with an effective amount of vitamin D.sub.3. The vitamin D.sub.3 derivatives can be administered orally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously or intraperitoneally.

Abstract: The system for field measurement of texture, stress and related material properties such as formability parameters using ultrasonic velocity measurements through crystalline plate or sheet. Electromagnetic acoustic transducers are utilized to generate, transmit, and receive ultrasonic bursts through the plate at different angular orientations with respect to the plane of the plate. Two of the transducers are driven in series when generating the ultrasonic bursts. Time measurements between transmission and reception of the bursts are precisely derived and converted into velocities. Information regarding stress, texture, and other related material properties such as formability parameters can be derived from these velocity measurements. The system is adjustable to be used for both ferrous and nonferrous crystalline plate. Alteration of the types of ultrasonic waves utilized, and the methods of generating the waves allows different properties such as texture and stress to be derived.

Abstract: Stable magnesium containing silicate sols are produced by preparing a solution of silicon alkoxide and of magnesium alkoxide and optionally of aluminum alkoxide in solvent wherein the atomic ratio of Mg to Si ranges from 0.3:1 to 4:1 and simultaneously reacting said alkoxides with peroxy compound or peroxy compound and water. Water presence, rate of addition of reactant, quantity of solvent and temperature of reaction are controlled to negate formation of precipitate. For a magnesium silicate sol, preferably the silicon alkoxide is tetraethylorthosilicate, the magnesium alkoxide is magnesium methoxide, the solvent is methanol and 30% H.sub.2 O.sub.2 is used as a reactant. For a magnesium aluminosilicate sol, preferably the silicon alkoxide is tetraethylorthosilicate, the magnesium alkoxide is selected from the group consisting of magnesium-s-butoxide and magnesium-2-(2'-methoxyethoxy)ethoxide, the aluminum alkoxide is aluminum isopropoxide, the solvent is sec-butanol and 2-(2'-methoxyethoxy)ethanol and 30% H.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispersing an active ingredient, such as a fumigant, fertilizer or room freshener in which the active ingredient is placed in a sample cylinder and a pressurized solvent/propellent is subsequently introduced from a source. The solvent/propellent expands to adopt a liquid phase and a gaseous phase. The liquid phase serves to absorb the active ingredient and the gaseous phase serves to propel the borne active ingredient out of the apparatus through a dispensing outlet where further expansion takes place and the active ingredient is dispersed in a fog or mist. Flow restrictors create a pressure differential between the sample cylinder outlet and a by-pass portion to enable total absorption of the active ingredient. The flow restrictors and conduits for the system are contained in a mixing head for the sample cylinder.

Abstract: A chaos router system for routing messages between connected nodes in a multicomputer or multiprocessor system is disclosed. In such a system, a message may be routed between nodes along a preferred channel so that it is closer to its destination or derouted between nodes along a random channel so that it is further from its destination. The chaos router system explicitly randomizes message selection during derouting. In an asynchronous multicomputer system, the router system keeps the overall system chaotic. In this manner, the system is probabilistically livelock free.

Abstract: A hepatitis A, B-combined adjuvanted vaccine is disclosed in this application, said vaccine comprising an inactivated hepatitis A virus antigen, a hepatitis B virus surface antigen and an adjuvant. The present vaccine is obtained by causing the antigens to be adsorbed to the adjuvant. According to the present invention, the infection associated with hepatitis A virus and with hepatitis B virus can be prevented without causing any interference due to the mixing of these antigens and any severe side-effects, and the anti-hepatitis A virus antibody titer is greatly enhanced by the mixing.

Abstract: A visual image comparison method is provided, including the steps of: obtaining a first digital representation of a first visual image, where the first digital representation comprises a first plurality of pixels, and each pixel has a gray scale indicative of light intensity; obtaining a second digital representation of a second visual image, where the second digital representation comprises a second plurality of pixels, and each pixel has a gray scale indicative of light intensity; and selectively making a first predetermined number of comparisons of corresponding pixels from the first and second digital representations to determine whether a difference in ambient light intensity exists between the first and second visual images, and, selectively making a second predetermined number of comparisons of corresponding pixels from the first and second digital representations if and only if no difference in ambient light intensity exists between the first and second visual images, and indicating an alarm condition

Abstract: A method for controlling vertebrate pest populations such as rodents, starlings and blackbirds which comprise making available to such pest populations a vitamin D compound in a high calcium bait diet.

Abstract: Described here are procedures and kits for the selective detection of toxicants in environmental samples. Specifically exemplified are procedures and kits which are used to detect heavy metals. The presence of heavy metals is detected by observing the inhibition by the toxicant of a microbially produced enzyme.