Abstract: In a reduction process carried out in a rotary kiln in which oxygen-containing gases are introduced by way of nozzles and at least a part of the highly volatile solid reductants are introduced from the discharge end so as to be distributed over a substantial region of the kiln bed, and any remaining balance of the reductants is fed jointly with the ore and the additives at the feed end, the formation of fusion deposits is prevented by the introduction of at least 60% of the reductants via the discharge end, and that at least a 60% portion of the reductants includes no more than 20% of the total reductant particulates having less than a 3 mm particle size.

Abstract: A process is proposed for the isolation and purification of antibiotics wherein an antibiotic containing solution is extracted with an extraction agent at a temperature of from 0.degree. to 40.degree. C. and at a pressure which lies between the critical pressure and the ten-fold value of the critical pressure of the extraction agent, with the weight ratio of antibiotic containing solution to the extraction agent being 1:5 to 1:20, wherein the antibiotics are precipitated from the antibiotic containing extraction agent by reducing its density and wherein the extraction agent is recirculated. An entrainer may be added to the extraction agent. The reduction in density of the antibiotic containing extraction agent may be effected by expansion to a pressure of from 30 to 70 bar.

Abstract: Plasma burner having a frontal face from which a plasma jet is to be projected, for producing a long initial firing arc, having first and second concentrically arranged electrodes extending perpendicularly to the frontal face, and a nozzle surrounding the electrodes, the first electrode being centrally arranged to constitute an auxiliary electrode and having a cylindrical main portion, an electrode tip at its front end and a conically tapered portion located between the main portion and the electrode tip and tapering toward the electrode tip, the second electrode being annular and surrounding the first electrode to constitute a nozzle electrode, and having a central channel composed, successively, in the direction toward the frontal face, of a first cylindrical section, a conically tapered section and a second cylindrical section smaller in diameter than the first cylindrical section, the central channel and the first electrode together forming an annular channel.

Abstract: A feeding device for introducing molten steel into a twin-belt caster having mold walls which move exclusively in the casting direction. The feeding device comprises: a casting unit including a pouring pipe having a mouthpiece at one end which can extend between and form a sealing gap with the mold walls of a twin-belt caster, a first carriage moveable toward and away from a twin-belt caster and having the pouring pipe mounted thereon so that the pouring pipe is rotatable about a horizontal pivot axis and is laterally adjustable transversely to its longitudinal extent; a tundish mounted on a second carriage, which is disposed upstream of the first carriage and is independently moveable toward and away from the first carriage, so that the tundish is adjustable in height; and a compensating pipe for connecting the outlet of the tundish to the other end of the pouring pipe to permit molten steel to flow from the tundish through the pouring pipe.

Abstract: Digital ballistic computer for the fire guidance system of a tubular weapon which calculates, based on given firing data from firing tables, the ballistic data of the projectile path, composed of a digital memory unit storing data constituting discrete firing table values for each type of ammunition intended for use in the tubular weapon, the stored data corresponding directly to data contained in firing tables, and an approximation computer connected to access the memory unit, and to receive inputted firing data and operative for determining ballistic data, from the stored data and the inputted data, by approximation operations.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of lecithin from mucilaginous substances obtained in the production of vegetable fats and oils by extraction with a solvent which is gaseous under normal conditions. The mucilaginous substances are extracted at a pressure from 2.times.p.sub.k to 500 bar and at a temperature from 0.degree. C. to <T.sub.k for a period from 15 to 60 minutes to form a charged compressed solvent phase containing extracted substances and an extraction residue containing insoluble lecithin. Then, the charged, compressed solvent phase is separated from the insoluble lecithin. Thereafter the extracted substances are separated from the charged, compressed solvent phase and the gaseous solvent is returned to the extraction stage. The lecithin is removed from the extraction stage and is obtained in solid form by evaporating the solvent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for underwater ranging with the aid of sonic pulses, by irradiating a given transmitting area with sonic energy pulses from a transmitter mounted in a marine vessel, receiving sonic energy echoes reflected from bodies in the transmitting area in a manner which is selective with respect to direction in a plurality of receiving sectors arranged in a fan shape, and associating the received echoes with respective reflection centers within the respective receiving sectors on the basis of associated sonic pulse travel times. Reception is carried out on a second marine vessel different from the vessel carrying the transmitter and which travels at a rearward offset position from the vessel carrying the transmitter at such a distance therefrom that the receiving sectors cover at least part of the given transmitting area, and the azimuthal width of the transmitting area is made very small.

Abstract: A continuous casting and rolling device of the type in which molten metal is introduced, by a nozzle, between a pair of liquid cooled rolls which are supported in a roll supporting structure and which each have a coolant connection and a drive which are disposed on different sides or ends of the roll supporting structure. Each roll is equipped with its own geared motor which is releasably fastened to the respective roll pin as a freely projecting drive unit.

Abstract: In a wire laying arm (1) provided with a roller guide for the wire wherein the roller guide is curved along a curve in space and is formed by a plurality of profiled rollers (4) arranged at the laying arm (1), versatile use and long service life are realized in that the rollers (4) are arranged individually and at a distance from one another at the convex side of the curve in space, each approximately at the location where the curve in space has its greatest curvature in the roller arrangement. The laying arm (1) is here preferably designed as a tube provided with recesses into which the profiles of the rollers (4) engage to the extent at least that the wire is spaced from the tube wall at least in the region of the recesses to both sides of the rollers (4).

Abstract: A passive method for obtaining target data from a sound source disposed in a nonsolid medium by means of a sound receiver remote from the sound source, by the steps of: providing, as the sound receiver, first and second sound-to-electrical signal transducers constituted and positioned to each respond to a respective one of two sound waves propagated from the sound source to the sound receiver at respectively different propagation speeds; and deriving, by means of an electrical signal processing system connected to receive output signals from the transducers, target data from the sound source by determining the frequencies of, or the difference in reception time between, the sound waves emitted by the source and to which the two transducers respond.

Abstract: A nine-cornered reversible cutting plate having a plurality of primary cutting edges and secondary cutting edges on each of its upper and lower sides, the primary and secondary cutting edges being of unequal length. The cutting plate is generally shaped as a nine-sided polygon formed by an equilateral triangle whose vertex regions have been replaced by small isosceles triangles, with the primary cutting edges being disposed in the regions of the isosceles triangles and with the ratio of the length of the primary cutting edges to the length of the secondary cutting edges ranging from 1:1.5 to 1:3. The corners between the primary cutting edges and secondary cutting edges are rounded.

Abstract: Vehicular crane of high carrying capacity having an extensible arm, especially a telescopic arm. The vehicular crane has a maximum carrying capacity of greater than 250 metric tons obtained in such a way that, with a stroke length which is sufficient for the situation, the vehicular crane can be ready for use immediately after reaching the place of use without having to undergo expensive assembly procedures. The extensible arm of the crane is connected with an undercarriage via a frame part which carries pivot mounting. The crane is also provided with wheeled swivel supports as carrier supports which are provided with vertically adjustable ground support elements and undercarriage wheels of which the direction can be adjusted.

Abstract: To produce steel sheet cross sections, particularly those having a small thickness down to a lower limit of about 30 mm and a width of about 500 to 1500 mm, with high surface quality and at a high casting rate (about 10 m/min) at relatively low expense in continuous casting molds equipped with comoving mold walls defining a casting cross section or cavity, a tubular casting nozzle having a mouthpiece whose width at its exit cross section is less than 50% of the width of the casting cavity is utilized, and the space between the sidewalls of the mouthpiece and the adjacent lateral dams or sidewalls of the casting cavity is bridged by means of two symmetrically oriented rotating wheels provided with ceramic rims. The wheels are of a size such that they simultaneously form a seal together with the mouthpiece and the respective, oppositely disposed lateral dams and casting belts defining the casting cavity.

Abstract: A bucket wheel loader, especially a bridging equipment or loader, for bulk material dumps or piles. The loader is equipped with several bucket wheels which are movable along the front of a pile. The axes of rotation of the bucket wheels are arranged so as to have planes of rotation of the bucket wheels extend approximately transverse relative to the front of a pile of bulk material; the axes of rotation are disposed one above the other in a permanent correlation. The upper bucket wheel or wheels are expediently associated with a boom which is adjustable in relation to the front of a pile.

Abstract: A tire loader has a support defining an upright axis and at least three like abutments angularly equispaced about and radially equispaced from the axis on the support. A plate pivotal about the axis on the support within the abutments carries at least three respective inner pivots angularly equispaced about and radially equispaced from the axis on the plate. At least three respective arms each have radially inner ends pivoted on the respective pivots and outer ends. Each arm bears angularly on the respective abutment. At least three respective bead-engaging shoes are pivoted on the outer ends of the respective arms. An actuator operatively connected between the support and the plate can rotate the plate about the axis on the support and thereby pivot the arms about the inner pivots and move the shoes radially. The abutments are rollers having respective roller axes parallel to the support axes.

Abstract: In order to be able to manipulate a feeding device with which molten steel is introduced into a twin-belt caster without ingress of air in preparation for the casting process and to carefully align the feeding device and the caster to the required extent, the feeding device includes a pouring body which is mounted in its own carriage so as to be rotatable about a horizontal pivot axis, and a separately movable tundish which is connected with the pouring body via a ball joint which forms the point of separation in that the ball socket of the ball joint and the ball pivot of the ball pivot are each respectively associated with either the tundish or the pouring body. The pouring body can be arrested in the manner of a rocker in different sloped positions and can be laterally displaced in a direction transverse to its longitudinal extent.

Abstract: A process for recovering petroleum from deposits which have already been worked by primary extraction or are not suited for primary extraction. A gas in its supercritical state is introduced into the deposit. The supercritical gas charges itself with the petroleum while flowing through the deposit. The charged supercritical gas leaves the deposit and the petroleum is separated in a plurality of fractions from the charged supercritical gas.

Abstract: A method for processing a used oil which comprises about 70 percent by weight spindle and neutral oils, about 5 percent by weight lower and higher boiling point oils, about 10 percent by weight useful additives and oxidation products, about 10 percent by weight water, about 5 percent by weight difficultly volatile and nonvolatile hydrocarbons, and solid impurities, comprising: (a) dewatering the used oil; (b) contacting the dewatered used oil with a gas in a supercritical state, at a temperature above the critical temperature and at a pressure from its critical pressure up to about 350 bar to form (1) a gaseous extraction phase containing the spindle and neutral oils and the additives, the spindle and neutral oils and substantially all the additives being extracted into the gaseous extraction phase during the contact with the supercritical gas and (2) an extraction residue; (c) separating the gaseous extraction phase from the extraction residue; and (d) separating the extracted spindle and neutral oils and th

Abstract: A continuous casting apparatus for a metal casting arranged to compensate for shrinkage of the casting in a cross sectional plane of the casting normal to the casting direction. The apparatus includes a pair of endless casting belts each spaced from and facing the other to form respective mold walls and arranged for movement in the casting direction. A pair of endless articulated mold walls, each spaced from and facing the other, is disposed between the casting belts and arranged to move with the casting belts in the casting direction. The spacing between the articulated mold walls and between the casting belts is greater upstream than downstream relative to the casting direction. Each articulated mold wall includes a plurality of dam blocks.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the separation of ethanol from an ethanol containing water solution, wherein the ethanol containing solution is extracted by means of a solvent which is in the liquid or supercritical state, the ethanol containing solvent phase is separated into its components by being conducted over an adsorption medium without changing the pressure or temperature, and the ethanol is recovered by treating the ethanol containing adsorption medium with the solvent used for the extraction at a pressure from 1 to 30 bar and at a temperature from 150.degree. to 300.degree. C.