Abstract: A process for producing liquid hydrocarbons from coal comprises treating comminuted coal at 380.degree. to 600.degree. C. and 260 to 450 bar with water in a high pressure reactor to form a charged supercritical gas phase and a coal residue. Simultaneously with the water treatment, hydrogenation with hydrogen takes place in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is selected from the group consisting of NaOH, KOH, Na.sub.4 SiO.sub.4, NaBO.sub.4, or KOB.sub.2. Then, the gas phase is divided into several fractions by lowering its pressure and temperature. Energy and/or gas is generated from the coal residue.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for recovering oil, especially edible oils, from oil-containing fruit and seed in which immediately upon cleaning the fruit and seed, this oil-bearing material is subjected to cold pressing without prior heat treatment to recover a portion of the oil and the residue is thereupon extracted.

Abstract: A system for exchanging a cutting tool of a tool holder which includes a tool having a tool head which carries a cutting element and is provided with a bore. The tool head is removably connected to the tool holder. A spreading cylinder is provided for engaging the bore of the tool head to remove the tool head from the tool holder. The system further includes a magazine having a plurality of locations for receiving tool heads equipped with cutting tools.

Abstract: In order to assure a high arc current and a high arc power with simultaneous reduction of flicker voltages, at least two juxtaposed electrodes, each having the same distance from the vertical axis of the furnace and the same electrical potential, are connected to each phase of an electric arc furnace, which is preferably a three-phase electric arc furnace. Preferably circular electrodes are employed which are conductively connected together at least in the vicinity of the electric arc.

Abstract: A pressure tank for hot fluids or agents, with the metallic wall thereof having interspaces and an inner layer with a plurality of layers placed therearound. The interspaces are arranged behind, that is, outwardly of, the inner layer, or between two layers. At least in the hottest region of the tank, the interspaces occupy at least 1/15, preferably 1/10 to 1/2, of the volume of the entire wall, and are filled with a thermally insulating solid medium.

Abstract: A cutting tool comprises a tool holder body having a passage, a cutting insert seat mounted on the tool holder body adjacent the passage, and a cutting insert mounted on the cutting insert seat by a clamping device for tightening the cutting insert against the cutting insert seat. The clamping device includes a two-collar screw situated in the passage and is threadedly engaged in the tool holder body. The two-collar screw has two mutually spaced collars delimiting an annular space between themselves. The clamping device further includes a guide block situated in the passage of the tool holder body and extending into the annular space. The guide block cooperates with the collars to be displaced thereby parallel to the longitudinal axis of the two-collar screw upon turning of the screw relative to the tool holder body.

Abstract: In this system, the electrode supporting arms (2) formed of a closed, hollow, liquid cooled profile for an electric furnace are provided with a vertical member (14) having the same type profile structure at whose lower end the electrode (17) is exchangeably fastened, preferably by means of a clamping device (15). For better current transfer, the supporting arms (2) are in part made of a two-component compound material, preferably to correspond to their current charges.

Abstract: Method for the underground gasification of solid fuels in which an underground fuel deposit is initially opened up and then converted into a gaseous fuel by means of a gasification medium. The opening of the fuel deposit is effected by treatment with a gas which is in the supercritical state, which takes on the volatile organic substances of the solid fuel and the water contained in the solid fuel. The dissolved organic compounds and the water are separated from the charged supercritical gas phase above ground in at least two fractions by pressure reduction and/or a change in temperature.

Abstract: A method for displaying a battle situation under consideration and indication of the movement and position of friendly forces and with the position and motion behavior of targets being derived from angle and distance information, wherein: the display takes place on an electronic display device; one or a plurality of passive bearing systems and/or passive distance measuring systems are provided to furnish angle and distance information of targets which radiate wave energy; position, course and speed are calculated for every target per time interval and displayed as motion vectors; angle and distance information on the targets from given time intervals are used for the display of target paths; markers are associated with the targets resulting from their changes in position and/or the characteristics of signals received from the bearing and/or distance measuring systems and these markers are displayed at the associated target positions; and uncertain measurement regions are calculated from the measuring toleranc

Abstract: A soldering alloy containing 25 to 35% iron, 15 to 25% chromium, 3 to 6% silicon, 1 to 4% molybdenum, the remainder essentially cobalt.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for forming a succession of group signals in the ranging art from received signals originating from an array of adjacent signal receiving transducers, each successive group signal being associated with a respective group characteristic and being based on the signals received by a respective group of adjacent transducers forming part of the array. The succession of group signals is processed to form a representation of the mean, or average, value of a predetermined number of successive group signals, and a representation of the ratio of the value of one of the group signals of that predetermined number of signals to the mean value is produced.

Abstract: A hydraulic adjustment apparatus as is for instance used to adjust a roller of a rolling mill has a cylinder forming a first cylinder chamber and having a first cylinder surface directed backwardly in a predetermined direction in the first chamber. A first piston is displaceable forwardly and backwardly in the direction in the first chamber relative to the cylinder and has in this chamber a forwardly directed first piston face of a predetermined first piston area. The first piston is formed with at least one second chamber receiving a forwardly and backwardly displaceable second piston having a forwardly directed end engageable with the first chamber surface. This second piston in turn has a second piston face of a predetermined second piston area substantially smaller than the first piston area and directed backwardly in the second chamber.

Abstract: The temperature of hot-rolled wire is controlled by passing the wire through a primary coil and a secondary coil continuously while energizing the primary coil with a high frequency alternating current (preferably 100 kHz) so that a temperature-control voltage is induced in the secondary coil. The secondary coil is connected to a comparator receiving a setpoint signal representing the desired temperature and the error signal from the comparator is fed via a temperature controller to the coolant control valve of the cooling stretch.

Abstract: An electrode and conductor arrangement for a three-phase electric arc furnace supplied with power from a transformer, including three electrodes which extend downwardly into the furnace, and a plurality of current conducting paths each composed of a rigid conductor, which is conductively connected to a respective electrode and a flexible conductor connected in series between the rigid conductor and the transformer, the rigid conductors extending parallel to one another, the electrodes being spaced from one another in the horizontal direction transverse to the longitudinal axes of the rigid conductors, in which the conducting paths associated with the center electrode are spaced a minimum distance, in the horizontal direction transverse to the longitudinal axes of the rigid conductors, from the conducting paths associated with each of the outer electrodes, there are only two conducting paths, spaced vertically apart, connected to each outer electrode, the vertical spacing between the two conducting paths assoc

Abstract: A centrifugal caster comprising a motor driven centrifuge arm connected to a weight arm, both of which are rotatable about a vertical axis. A casting chamber is connected to the centrifuge arm and has a melting crucible disposed therein, and a counterweight is fixedly attached to the weight arm. The casting chamber is provided with a region for mounting a muffle set comprising a casting muffle inserted into an exchangeable muffle cage which is associated with the casting muffle according to size and weight, whereby the total weight of the muffle set is of such magnitude that upon rotation, the centrifuge arm is in balance with the weight arm and its fixedly attached counterweight.

Abstract: A connection conveyor belt device for conveying overburden or other bulk material between a belt conveyor system and a boom stacker which is coupled with the connection belt device, which has a bridge and an undercarriage. The connection conveyor device can be uncoupled from the stacker, and the bridge thereof is displaceably supported on the undercarriage by supporting means in such a way that the supporting point can occupy every position of the range which extends approximately from the center of gravity to the receiving end of the bridge, and that the bridge is securable against tilting in the center of gravity position.

Abstract: A tool assembly has a tool head insertable on a basic tool holder. The basic tool holder has a longitudinally displaceable locking bar and a plurality of slidable locking pins actuated by the locking bar. In a first position of the locking bar the locking pins are in an advanced position in which they project into respectively aligned lock holes of the tool head inserted on the basic tool holder. In a second position of the locking bar the locking pins are in a withdrawn condition, permitting the tool head to be pulled off the basic tool holder.

Abstract: A portable belt conveyor, particularly a plate belt conveyor for rock crushing systems, including a bridge which is provided with a feed chute and which is supported on an undercarriage via a horizontal shaft and adjustable in its angle by means of at least one adjusting and fixing device, particularly a hydraulic power cylinder. The feed chute is arranged to be displaceable along the length of the bridge until it reaches a position in which the center of gravity of the bridge is at least approximately in the vertical projection plane of the shaft.

Abstract: Method for obtaining aromatics and/or dyestuffs from bell peppers wherein red pepper is extracted with a solvent which is in a supercritical state and is gaseous under normal conditions. The extraction takes place at a pressure of >P.sub.k to 350 bar and a temperature of >T.sub.k to 70.degree. C. The extracted aromatics and/or dyestuffs are separated from the separated supercritical gas phase by lowering the density of the gas phase.

Abstract: A cutting tool which includes a mounting shaft and a chip breaker positioned on the mounting shaft. A cutting plate is supported between the mounting shaft and the chip breaker, with a clamping jaw being positioned on the chip breaker. A clamping screw is releasably held in the cutting tool mounting shaft for holding the clamping jaw and the chip breaker against the tool mounting shaft. The clamping screw has a longitudinal axis and an outer portion which is situated externally of the clamping jaw. A spring is provided for urging the chip breaker against the clamping jaw. The clamping jaw and the chip breaker have interengaging teeth on their surfaces which are oriented towards one another. The chip breaker further includes a throughgoing aperture through which the clamping screw passes. The throughgoing aperture is enlarged to form an elongated opening for permitting lateral movement of the chip breaker transversely to the longitudinal axis of the clamping screw.