Abstract: A semiconductor bare chip includes a plurality of stud bumps provided on the surface of the semiconductor bare chip body, each of the stud bumps including a seat and a head protruding from the seat. A height of the head is less than a thickness of electrodes on said board.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus having a function of carrying out data process so that data flows between any nodes within a data network composed of a plurality of nodes via a communication channel for transmitting data unidirectionally includes a communication route matrix forming unit for forming a matrix constituted by a plurality of elements, each of which corresponds to the number of direct communication routes, directly linking each pair of nodes and including the above communication channels, so as to associate data-transmitting nodes with data-receiving nodes; a unit for calculating the number of patterns of communication routes that performs a given computation on the basis of the matrix formed by the communication route matrix forming unit, and thus calculates the number of patterns of all communication routes existing between a certain node and any one of the other nodes; and a unit for detecting a route between specified nodes that detects a specified pair of nodes, in which the number of patterns of

Abstract: For a read demodulating unit for demodulating read data and servo data which is used for head positioning from a reproduction waveform signal of a magneto-resistive head, a thermal asperity fault detecting unit for setting a predetermined threshold for the reproduction waveform signal and for generating a fault signal when the reproduction waveform signal exceeds the threshold is provided. When a thermal asperity fault is detected by the thermal asperity fault detecting unit, an increase in cut-off frequency of a high pass filter, an automatic gain control lock by an automatic gain control holding circuit, and a phase lock loop lock by a phase lock loop holding circuit are executed in an error avoiding unit.

Abstract: A computer-controlled optical amplifying apparatus, which includes an optical amplifying unit including an optical amplifying medium and an optical amplifying control unit controlling the optical amplifying unit under the control of a computer. This optical amplifying control unit is constituted by a status monitoring unit for monitoring the status, an optical output control unit for controlling the optical amplifying unit in accordance with the result of monitoring of status; and a status restoring unit for initializing the control status of the optical output control unit by initializing the computer when detecting an occurrence of the abnormal status by the result of monitoring of status and restoring the optical output control unit to the control status before occurrence of the related abnormal status within a relaxation time inherent in the optical amplifying medium occurring accompanied with this initialization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a structure for fixing an element to a printed wiring board. The fixing structure includes a spacer, the printed wiring board, and a sealant. The spacer has a first end to which the element is to be fixed and a second end to be fixed to the printed wiring board. The printed wiring board has a hole having a shape determined in relation to the shape of the second end of the spacer. The sealant is filled in the hole of the printed wiring board to fix the second end of the spacer to the printed wiring board. The second end of the spacer has a projection having a length smaller than the thickness of the printed wiring board and located in the hole of the printed wiring board.

Abstract: A quantum semiconductor device includes a plurality of intermediate layers stacked on each other repeatedly, each being formed of a first semiconductor crystal having a first lattice constant and including a plurality of quantum dots of a second semiconductor crystal having a second lattice constant different from the first lattice constant, the second semiconductor crystal forming thereby a strained system with respect to the first semiconductor crystal, each of the quantum dots in an intermediate layer having a height substantially identical with a thickness of the intermediate layer, each quantum dot in an intermediate layer aligning with another quantum dot in an adjacent intermediate layer in a direction perpendicular to a principal surface of the intermediate layer, each of the intermediate layers having a thickness equal to or smaller than a Bohr-radius of carriers in said intermediate layer, wherein the second semiconductor crystal contains N.

Abstract: In a permanent magnet rotor type electric motor in which a permanent magnet is embedded in a rotor, a permanent magnet used for a magnetic pole of one polarity in a rotor core and another permanent magnet used for a magnetic pole of the other polarity have different configurations and materials from each other, so that the selecting range for the magnetic flux density and the reluctance torque of the permanent magnet rotor type electric motor can be increased.

Abstract: A module which may be connected to an I/O port of a notebook computer to provide an enhancement to the number of connectivity options available to a user of the computer. The module houses a set of connectors, some or all of which may be specialized ones not normally found on the computer. The connectors are electrically connected to an I/O port of the computer by a flexible cable that allows the module to be easily positioned or re-positioned by the user. The flexibility of the connection allows the user to easily satisfy the line of sight requirement when using the infrared port for data transmission.

Abstract: In a piezoelectric gyro, an amplifier 42 receives and amplifies a detected signal from detecting electrodes 19 through 26, and a bandpass filter 43 extracts only a detection-side resonant frequency component from the amplified signal. The extracted resonant frequency component is phase-shifted by a phase-shifting circuit 44, and the resultant signal is passed through a limiting resistor 45 to prepare a constant-current drive signal, and the drive signal is inputted to drive electrodes 11 through 18. As a result, the piezoelectric gyro oscillates self-excitedly at the detection-side resonant frequency. The present invention provides a piezoelectric gyro capable of maintaining a high sensitivity with respect to a change in temperature by improving detection sensitivity.

Abstract: A base transceiver station in a wireless local loop system using a personal handy-phone system constituted by a plurality of cell stations, each accommodating a plurality of subscriber units, a hybrid section integrally handling signals transmitted and received by the plurality of cell stations via a single antenna, and a multiplexing/demultiplexing unit integrally handling the signals transferred between the plurality of cell stations and an existing network, thereby enabling construction of a wireless local loop system which is small in size, can expand the service area without an increase of interference with other base transceiver stations, has a good affinity with existing networks, is provided with ISDN functions, and, at the same time, provides backup against faults and improves the transmission quality and reliability.

Abstract: The invention provides a continuous medium printing apparatus which can exert a transporting force to act upon a continuous medium without additional provision of a new tractor mechanism or some other transport mechanism. In the continuous medium printing apparatus, upon automatic loading of a continuous medium, a control section controls a charging operation of a charging section so that a leading end portion of the continuous medium may be electrostatically attracted to an image forming drum. The image forming drum to which the continuous medium is attracted is rotated in a printing transporting direction to exert a transporting force to act upon the continuous medium to transport the continuous medium in the printing transporting direction. The present invention is applicable to an apparatus which prints on a continuous medium such as continuous recording paper (continuous paper), for example, by electrophotography.

Abstract: An accessor includes a drive mechanism having a direct drive swivel mechanism which does not utilize a timing belt, and reduces the required installation space while maintaining a high degree of positioning accuracy. The direct drive swivel mechanism preferably includes an external gear mounted coaxially to the swivel axis of the picker section and integrated into the picker section, an internal gear meshing with the external gear, and a drive mechanism for directly driving the internal gear to swivel the picker section.

Abstract: The invention provides a double-sided printing apparatus which includes a first image forming process unit, a second image forming process unit, a first fixing station, a second fixing station and a transport system all disposed in a first housing. The transport system includes a transport direction changing element which contacts with one of surfaces of a medium to change the transporting direction of the medium so that the medium is sent out to the second fixing station. While the medium is transported in a substantially vertical direction in the single double-sided printing apparatus, the height of the transport path of the medium is suppressed so as not to become very high, thereby miniaturizing the apparatus.

Abstract: A magnetic disk drive capable of specifying even the type of a medium defect with a small number of read/write operations is disclosed. A read signal is sampled. A defect detector 40 of a read channel IC includes a (1+D) calculation circuit 41 for adding the current and preceding sample values or the absolute values thereof. The two types of sums of the current and preceding samples are compared with a lower reference value and an upper reference value preset in comparators 42, 43, respectively. A portion where the sum of the sample values exceeds the upper reference value is detected as a medium defect due to thermal asperity, a portion where the sum of the absolute values of the sample values is lower than the lower reference value is detected as a medium defect due to a missing, signal and a portion where the sum of the absolute values of the sample values exceeds the upper reference value as a medium effect due to an extra, signal thereby generating a defect detection signal DD.

Abstract: An optical communication system which uses optical phase conjugation to compensate for chromatic dispersion and optical Kerr effect. The optical communication system includes a first fiber, a phase conjugator, and a second fiber. The first fiber transmits a light signal therethrough, and is a polarization maintaining fiber. The light signal is a linear polarized wave. The phase conjugator receives the light signal from the first fiber and produces a corresponding phase conjugate light signal. The second fiber receives the phase conjugate light signal from the phase conjugator and transmits the phase conjugate light signal therethrough. A wavelength division multiplexing optical communication system is also provided which uses optical phase conjugation to compensate for dispersion and optical Kerr effect.

Abstract: The present invention reads structured information previously obtained through analysis of a structured document and determines whether the input structured information provides information regarding structure elements (and showing the structure of the structured document) or provides content information. When the structured information provides information for structure elements, then style definition information required for display or printing is obtained and compared with corresponding display attribute information. When the style definition information and the display attribute information do not match, the style definition information is set to a buffer area for use by a display or printing apparatus, thereby to realize a high speed display or printing operation.

Abstract: A multimedia data storing and transmitting method and a device using the method may improve flexibility and accuracy of reproduction of a multimedia data stream in a reception terminal, when a multimedia data storage device transmits the multimedia data stream. The multimedia data storing and transmitting method includes the steps of making a set of moving picture data, sound data, and multiplexed information of the moving picture data and the sound data into a packet, distinguishing a data packet of themoving picture data, the sound data, and the multiplexed information from a header packet of the moving picture data, the sound data, and the multiplexed information, storing the distinguished data packet and header packet, and transmitting the stored data packet following the stored header packet.

Abstract: A radio receiving apparatus regenerates a clock synchronized to a symbol clock contained in a quadrature demodulated signal obtained by demodulating a multilevel quadrature modulated signal, converts the analog quadrature demodulated signal, at the timing at which the regenerated clock occurs, to digital data and outputs the digital data via a transversal equalizer. The apparatus includes a slope discriminator for outputting the slope of an in-phase signal constituting the quadrature demodulated signal. A FIR filter constructing the equalizer outputs, as an error signal between input and output signals of the equalizer, an output signal of the FIR filter which prevails when a center tap coefficient of the filter is regarded as being zero.

Abstract: A digital PLL circuit employs a fixed-frequency output signal from a fixed-frequency oscillator, to provide a signal synchronized with an external reference signal. The digital PLL circuit has a counter and an adjuster. The counter counts clock periods (clock pulses) of the fixed-frequency output signal. The adjuster increments or decrements a value counted by the counter a predetermined number of times in a predetermined period according to a deviation of the fixed-frequency output signal from the reference signal. This digital PLL circuit is inexpensive because it employs no DA converter nor VCO.

Abstract: A block mask for making a charged particle beam exposure using block exposure includes a plurality of block mask patterns respectively including repeating patterns, where the block mask patterns are arranged in an order dependent on an exposure sequence, at least one first block mask pattern group made up of arbitrary ones of the block mask patterns which are arranged in a predetermined direction, and at least one second block mask pattern group made up of the arbitrary ones of the block mask patterns which are arranged in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction. The second block mask pattern group is arranged adjacent to the first block mask pattern group.