Abstract: Described is a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) cable, comprising a plurality of HTS tapes, wherein all or part of a cross-section of at least one of the HTS tapes are removed to reduce the current carrying capacity of the HTS tape. Also described is a method for shaping the current density of a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) cable, wherein the HTS current density is carried by HTS tapes, and wherein the method comprises selective mechanical removal of all or part of the cross section of one or more of HTS tapes.

Abstract: Femto-satellites are very small satellites that can be deployed in constellations from a larger mothership satellite for distributed measurement. They are too small to accommodate the GNSS receivers that many satellites use for navigation, but they can be located with an electromagnetic beam from the mothership satellite. The mothership satellite scans this beam across a constellation of femto-satellites. When the beam scans across a particular femto-satellite, the femto-satellite transmits an acknowledgement to the mothership satellite, e.g., by retroreflecting the beam or via a separate radio link. The beam can be modulated with commands for the femto-satellite, such as to make a measurement or transmit previously acquired data, as well with commands for determining the femto-satellite's location, such as a time stamp or beam pointing information.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus for recognizing continuous driving style are provided, which involve the intelligent vehicles field. The method comprises: collecting multi-dimensional driving data from a plurality of drivers in daily driving scenarios, segmenting the driving data to obtain a plurality of driving segments, calculating statistical features of each driving segment to determine high-dimensional continuous driving statistical features, reducing dimensionality of the driving statistical features to generate common factors for each driving segment, representing each driving segment with a driving word based on the common factors, representing all the driving segments of a target driver as a driving word sequence, constructing a hierarchical latent model of driving behavior, and inputting the driving word sequence into the hierarchical latent model of driving behavior to determine the continuous driving style of the target driver.

Abstract: Described is an optimal-control system and method provide an efficient routine for differentiating the most general Unitary, Liouville, or Monte-Carlo Schrödinger equation associated with the control problem of interest.

Abstract: A lacrimal tear flow measurement device, and methods of manufacture and use, are described that includes a polymer microcapillary tube or similar structure having at least one end coated on the outside with soft silicone rubber and one end treated on the inside to be hydrophobic. The hydrophobic end keeps liquid from escaping or entering that end while allowing air to pass. The rest of the tube's insides may be hydrophilic or a neutral hydrophobe. As a Schirmer's test strip replacement, the entrance end of the device can be touched to the lacrimal lake of a patient's eye to collect suck up, or merely collect, tear fluid within the collection tube for weighing, volume measurement, or other analysis. Long-term collection devices for wear between doctors' visits can have a bypass channel allowing liquid to flow back onto the eye.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of producing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The method includes subjecting a reaction mixture with an API precursor to solvent extraction to produce a reactant stream with the API precursor. The method includes concentrating the API precursor in the reactant stream using at least one membrane. The method includes carrying out a reaction in a membrane reactor. The method includes separating the API precursor from the reaction stream using a separator. The method includes crystallizing the API precursor using a crystallizer to produce APIs.

Abstract: Provided is a novel production system that does not involve, or can minimize, the transport of liquid ammonia in the production of an organic compound or the production of a microorganism by microbial fermentation. A production system for an organic compound or a microorganism includes: an ammonia synthesis apparatus in which an ammonia-containing gas is synthesized by reaction of a source gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen in the presence of a supported ruthenium catalyst; and a culture apparatus that cultures a microorganism having organic compound productivity using ammonia originating from the ammonia-containing gas obtained by using the ammonia synthesis apparatus.

Abstract: The gas sensor is provided with: a base material; a first electrode and a second electrode arranged on the base material; and a gas detection member connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the gas detection member contains flaky particles of alkaline earth ferrite.

Abstract: This disclosure provides HIV immunogens and use thereof for generating an immune response in a subject. Also disclosed is a method of isolating anti-HIV antibodies and use thereof. This disclosure further provides a method for treating or preventing a human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) infection in a subject using the disclosed HIV immunogens and/or antibodies.

Abstract: Provided are a method, system and device for global path planning for an unmanned vehicle in an off-road environment. The method includes: obtaining satellite elevation data and a satellite remote sensing image of a current off-road environment; constructing a digital elevation model (DEM); determining slope and land surface relief of each grid in the current off-road environment; performing gray processing on the satellite remote sensing image to obtain grayscale values of the grids; determining traversal costs of the grids corresponding to different ground types; constructing a global grid map based on the slope and the land surface relief of each grid, as well as the traversal costs corresponding to the different ground types; determining a rugged terrain potential field and path costs; and searching for paths using a Bresenham's line algorithm and Theta* algorithm based on the rugged terrain potential field and the path costs, to generate a global path.

Abstract: Described are concepts directed toward systems, structures and techniques to create low-resistance, high current capacity, demountable solder joint connections. Such systems, structures and techniques may be used to simultaneously create low-resistance, high current capacity, demountable solder joint connections at multiple locations between no insulation (NI) superconductors and in particular between NI high temperature superconductors (HTS) such as may be used in NI-HTS magnets.

Abstract: A Streptococcus canis Cas9 (ScCas9) ortholog and its engineered variants, possessing novel PAM specificity, is an addition to the family of CRISPR-Cas9 systems. ScCas9 endonuclease is used in complex with guide RNA, consisting of identical non-target-specific sequence to that of the guide RNA SpCas9, for specific recognition and activity on a DNA target immediately upstream of either an “NNGT” or “NNNGT” PAM sequence. A novel DNA-interacting loop domain within ScCas9, and other Cas9 orthologs, such as those from Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus angionosis facilitates a divergent PAM sequence from the “NGG” PAM of SpCas9.

Abstract: Provided herein are lipid compounds of Formulae (I) and (II), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, co-crystals, tautomers, stereoisomers, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, isotopically labeled derivatives, prodrugs, and compositions thereof. Also provided are methods and kits involving the inventive lipid compounds, compositions, or formulations for treating and/or preventing diseases (e.g., genetic disease, proliferative disease, hematological disease, neurological disease, painful condition, psychiatric disorder, metabolic disorder, long-term medical condition, inflammatory disease, autoinflammatory disease, liver disease, lung disease, spleen disease, familial amyloid neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, infectious disease, fibrotic condition, or autoimmune disease) in a subject, methods for synthesizing the compounds described herein, and compounds described herein synthesized by the synthetic methods described herein.

Abstract: A device is configured to be administered via an oral route by a subject. The device includes an anode, a seal disposed on the anode, and a cathode. When exposed to a liquid or a hydrogel, an exposed surface of the anode undergoes galvanic oxidation dissolution to provide DC power to the device. As the exposed surface of the anode undergoes galvanic oxidation dissolution, the seal incrementally detaches from the anode, and a substantially constant surface area of the exposed surface is maintained.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described for drilling deep boreholes with millimeter-wave radiation in earthen materials to access deep resources such as geothermal heat. Borehole depth and temperature at the bottom of the borehole can be monitored with probe signals and/or radiative emission from the bottom of the borehole.

Abstract: A field effect transistor including a substrate; a monolayer of a single crystal semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) on the substrate; a source contact and a drain contact to the strained monolayer; and a gate contact on the substrate; wherein the a gate voltage applied to the gate contact with respect to the source contact modulates a ferroelectric response of the monolayer when strained and a current through the monolayer between the source contact and the drain contact; and wherein the substrate is rigid and the monolayer experiences asymmetric lattice expansion when strained against the rigid substrate in response to an external magnetic field or the substrate is a strain engineered substrate inducing asymmetric lattice expansion of the monolayer.

Abstract: An optical communication method and system with high spectral efficiency and low power consumption based on joint channel coding modulation relates to the technical field of high-speed fiber communication. The method includes a data acquisition step, a symbol multiplexing joint channel coding modulation step, a signal optical communication step, a channel equalization step, and a symbol demultiplexing step. The optical communication method and system improves the problems of relative independence of forward error correction channel coding (FEC) and high order modulation function modules, long code length dependence of FEC, limited spectral efficiency promotion under the limitation of fiber nonlinear effect, and high FEC decoding latency and power consumption in optical communication system. It is beneficial to improving the spectral efficiency and capacity of a coherent optical communication system and optimizing the system latency and power consumption.

Abstract: A method for autonomously assembling a plurality of tiles is performed in a microgravity environment. Each tile includes a shell having a first geometrical shape and an arrangement of first magnets and a controller that are supported by the shell. The controller controls operation of the arrangement of first magnets to self-assemble the shell with another tile. The first magnets are controlled to mate with a complementary arrangement of second magnets on the other tile when the complementary arrangement of second magnets floats to within a range of magnetic attractive force of the arrangement of first magnets, with or without the aid of propulsion. The controllers in the tiles detect the status of the magnetic bonds to determine whether each pair of tiles is properly bonded or has a magnetic bond error. When an error is detected, the tiles are controlled to disassemble and reassemble to correct the error.

Abstract: Provided is a solid electrolyte which is identified as 3LiOH·Li2SO4 by diffractometry. The solid electrolyte further contains boron.

Abstract: Aspects include a method for treating a polycrystalline material, the method comprising: exposing a surface of the polycrystalline material to a plasma thereby changing the surface of the polycrystalline material from being characterized by a starting condition to being characterized by a treated condition; wherein: the surface comprises a plurality of crystallites each having the composition MB6, M being a metal element; the plasma comprises ions, the ions being characterized by an average ion flux selected from the range of 1.5 to 100 A/cm2 and an average ion energy that is less than a sputtering threshold energy; the starting condition of the surface is characterized by a first average work function and the treated condition of the surface is characterized by a second average work function; and the second average work function is less than the first average work function.