Abstract: Disclosed are processes for isomerizing saccharides. Also disclosed are processes for converting saccharides to furan derivatives. Also disclosed are processes for converting starch to furan derivatives.

Abstract: A method for decreasing resistivity of an electrolyte for an electric double-layer capacitor is provided. In this method, an aqueous electrolyte solution comprising LiNO3 and LiOH in a molar ratio of 1:9 to 9:1 is prepared first, and then purged with nitrogen or oxygen. An electric double-layer capacitor having the gas-purging aqueous electrolyte solution above is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a passivant for hot-dip Al—Zn-coated sheet of which the raw materials include: 2˜6 parts by weight of water soluble molybdate, 4˜12 parts by weight of water soluble manganese salt, 50˜100 parts by weight of basic silica sol and 50˜100 parts by weight of water soluble organic resin. The present invention also provides a method to prepare the passivant for hot-dip Al—Zn-coated sheet including the following steps: adding and dissolving water soluble molybdate and water soluble manganese salt into deionized water; adding basic silica sol into the solution and mixing well; adding water soluble organic resin into the solution and mixing well; regulating the pH value of the solution to 5˜8 by using phosphoric acid. The present invention also provides a hot-dip Al—Zn-coated sheet treated with the present passivant and a method to passivate hot-dip Al—Zn-coated sheet.

Abstract: A voice input device includes a first microphone (710-1) that includes a first diaphragm, a second microphone (710-2) that includes a second diaphragm, and a differential signal generation section (720) that generates a differential signal that indicates a difference between a first voltage signal and a second voltage signal, the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm being disposed so that a noise intensity ratio is smaller than an input voice intensity ratio (input voice component intensity ratio), and the differential signal generation section (720) including a gain section (760) that amplifies the first voltage signal by a predetermined gain, and a differential signal output section (740) that generates and outputs a differential signal that indicates a difference between the first voltage signal amplified by the gain section and the second voltage signal.

Abstract: Provided is a cooperative communication technology of a target terminal and a cooperative terminal. In an environment in which interference exists between cells, cooperation between terminals may be performed in order to improve quality of signals that are received from a base station.

Abstract: Provided is a personalized program providing method and system. The personalized program providing system may provide a view restriction, a personalized advertisement, or a personalized program guide using a set-top box including a fingerprint scanner. The personalized program providing system includes a set-top box to scan a fingerprint using a fingerprint scanner to identify identification information associated with a user and to transmit the identified identification information to an Internet TV service providing server, an Internet TV service providing server to transmit a personalized program guide corresponding to the transmitted identification information to the set-top box, and an Internet TV set to provide the transmitted personalized program guide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of reducing bleed time in a subject by activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in said subject. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway can be activated by direct or indirect stimulation of the vagus nerve. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway can also be activated by administering an effective amount of cholinergic agonist or acetylcholinesterase inhibitor to the subject.

Abstract: A photovoltaic-charged secondary battery system is provided, in which an electrode for optical power generation and an electrode for charging and discharging generated electrical energy are integrated into a single cell structure, and the potential difference between the electrodes is systematically controlled, thus maximizing the conversion efficiency of optical energy, maximizing the utilization rate of cell energy, and extending the life span of the battery. Thus, the photovoltaic-charged secondary battery system may include a transparent electrode capable of transmitting light; a PN semiconductor layer formed on the transparent electrode and generating a current by incident light; and a secondary battery layer, formed on the PN semiconductor layer, in which the current generated by the PN semiconductor layer is charged.

Abstract: A sunlight coupler is provided, the sunlight coupler may include a beam integrator configured to concentrate beams of sunlight, which may be incident from a plurality of optical fibers, in the form of a single beam, a triplet lens focusing the concentrated beam on a specific position, and an optical fiber provided for transmission of the focused sunlight. The optical fiber may be a thermally-diffusion expand core fiber.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a phosphor composed of (M1aLabEuc)2Si5-x(BdM2e)xN8-xOx, wherein M1 is Ca, Sr, or combinations thereof. M2 is Ga, In, or combinations thereof. 0<a<1.00, 0?b<0.05, 0<c?0.04, and a+b+c=1.00, 0?d?1.00, 0?e?1.00, d+e=1.00, and b+d?0, and 0.001<x<0.60. Under excitation, the phosphor of the disclosure emits visible light and may be collocated with other phosphors to provide a white light illumination device.

Abstract: A compressor is provided. The compressor includes a housing, a valve plate, a cylinder block, piston units, a cam element, a driving shaft and a motor. The valve plate is fixed to one end of the housing. The cylinder block is rotatable relative to the valve plate and has cylinder bores disposed in a circumferential direction. A portion of the cylinder block is received in the valve plate. The piston units are disposed the cylinder bores. The cam element is fixed to the housing and is in contact with one end of the piston unit. The cam element has an inclined cam surface. One end of the driving shaft is coupled to the cylinder block. The motor is fixed to an opposite end of the housing, while a rotating shaft is coupled to an opposite end of the driving shaft.

Abstract: The prevent invention relates to a portable mobile apparatus for a user for providing a supplementary service and a method for providing a supplementary service by using the same, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for providing supplementary enhanced services by using an application run in a portable mobile terminal when the portable mobile terminal such as a cellular phone or a smart phone is used for a service through short-range RF communication. The present invention can provide a variety of supplementary services to the user by using an operation function included in the application in the mobile terminal when performing the services through the short-range RF communication. Specifically, it is possible to automate the supplementary function or provide convenience to the user and interact with the user.

Abstract: A method of achieving wireless sensor network (WSN) communication in a mesh and star topology network (MSTN), including: a) connecting a plurality of nodes in a WSN to form a mesh and star hybrid topology structure; b) based on the topology structure, defining a superframe structure based on IEEE 802.15.4-2006; c) based on the topology structure and superframe structure, defining methods for long period data processing, connectivity assessment, medium access control, channel measurement, frequency hopping, beacon frame formation, and two-stage resource allocation; d) based on the topology structure, superframe structure, and methods, defining a method for network establishment; and e) based on the network establishment method, defining a method for MSTN communications. The method features real-time communication, high reliability, and low energy consumption.

Abstract: An oscillating liquid lens and imaging system and method employing the lens are provided. The liquid lens includes a substrate with a channel opening extending through the substrate. A liquid drop is disposed within the channel and is sized with a first droplet portion, including a first capillary surface, protruding away from a first substrate surface, and a second droplet portion, including a second capillary surface, protruding away from a second substrate surface. The liquid lens further includes an enclosure at least partially surrounding the substrate, and including a chamber. The liquid drop resides within the chamber, and the liquid lens includes a second liquid disposed within the chamber in direct or indirect contact with the liquid drop, and the liquid lens further includes a driver for oscillating the liquid drop within the channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of converting butyric acid contained in a fermentation broth into biofuel. This chemical conversion method includes separating biohydrogen from gases generated in the course of production of butyric acid through fermentation of carbohydrate, extracting butyric acid from the broth using an insoluble solvent, esterifying butyric acid thus producing butylbutyrate, and hydrogenolyzing all or part of butylbutyrate, thus obtaining butanol. Thereby, biobutanol can be efficiently and economically produced, and butylbutyrate, which has oxidation stability superior to that of conventional biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) and is thus regarded as novel biofuel, can be produced together.

Abstract: Disclosed are a novel cyanine compound, represented by the following Formula 1, for labeling biomolecules, and a method for preparing the same. wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, B, m and n are defined as above.

Abstract: Provided is a method for managing resource in a high capacity wireless communication system capable of communicating with two or more users in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) scheme when a base station transmits data. The includes: transmitting a MU-MIMO request-to-send (RTS) message to stations intending to transmit data in the MIMO scheme, and sequentially receiving a clear-to-send (CTS) message from stations intending to receive the data; transmitting a transmission ACK message to the stations, wherein the transmission ACK message includes information which prevents data collision during a time of data transmission to the stations and ACK signal; and configuring data to be transmitted to the stations into aggregated packets (A-MPDUs), transmitting the A-MPDUs to the stations in the MIMO scheme, and receiving a block ACK message from the stations.

Abstract: A terminal discriminating apparatus and a terminal discriminating method using the same are provided. The terminal discriminating apparatus includes: a measurement unit for measuring a pull-up voltage and a pull-down voltage of each of candidate terminals to be discriminated; a discriminating unit for comparing the pull-up voltages, pull-down voltages, and the differences between the pull-up voltages and pull-down voltages for the candidate terminals to discriminate the types of the candidate terminals; and an output unit for outputting results of the discrimination of the candidate terminals transferred from the discriminating unit. The types of the candidate terminals can be discriminated by comparing the pull-up voltage, the pull-down voltage, and the differences between the pull-up voltages and the pull-down voltages for the candidate terminals.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring radio relay channel are provided capable of easily measuring a radio relay channel on each radio link among a base station (BS), a relay station (RS) and a mobile station (MS) and providing a reliable result of measuring the characteristics of radio relay channel by controlling transmission/reception timing based on variation in operation time among the BS, the RS and the MS.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite honeycomb sandwich panel equipped with a composite rail aluminum I-shaped side insert, and more specifically, to an improved structure of a hybrid composite sandwich panel having a laminated composite skin and an aluminum honeycomb core which is mechanically improved in terms of assembly, strength and weight. The composite honeycomb sandwich panel includes: a planar honeycomb core; a composite rail which is wrapped around the periphery of the honeycomb core and has therein a hollow space that is open on opposite sides thereof; an I-shaped center rail insert which is fitted into the hollow space of the composite rail so that the sandwich panel is connected to an adjacent sandwich panel by bolting through the I-shaped center rail insert; and laminated composite skins which cover upper and lower surfaces of the honeycomb core having the composite rail wrapped around.