Abstract: High throughput screening of crystallization of a target material is accomplished by simultaneously introducing a solution of the target material into a plurality of chambers of a microfabricated fluidic device. The microfabricated fluidic device is then manipulated to vary the solution condition in the chambers, thereby simultaneously providing a large number of crystallization environments. Control over changed solution conditions may result from a variety of techniques, including but not limited to metering volumes of crystallizing agent into the chamber by volume exclusion, by entrapment of volumes of crystallizing agent determined by the dimensions of the microfabricated structure, or by cross-channel injection of sample and crystallizing agent into an array of junctions defined by intersecting orthogonal flow channels.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for analyzing a network of biological functions, such as transcriptional factors, structural genes, cellular markers, cell surface markers, cell shapes, organelle shapes, cell mobility, enzyme activities, metabolite concentrations, and localization of cellular components, in a biological entity such as a cell. Particularly, an object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for presenting biological information in a global manner without modification where the cell is considered a complex system.

Abstract: A compact integrated combustion reactor is described. In a preferred embodiment, the combustion catalyst is disposed in a staggered configuration such that the hot spot in an adjacent endothermic reaction chamber is substantially less than would occur with a conventional, unstaggered configuration. The integrated reactor may also include a methanation chamber for methanation of a reformate product. Systems containing reactant and product streams, and methods of conducting integrated combustion reactions are also described. A staggered catalyst conformation can be used more broadly for thermal chemical reactions requiring heat transfer in a layered device.

Abstract: Data extraction and conversion processes and apparatuses are described according to some aspects. In one aspect, a data extraction and conversion process comprises applying at least one template to the information sources, analyzing the data from the information sources according to the templates, thereby generating parsed data values, and writing the parsed data values from the information sources into a common format. The templates comprise a plurality of parsing steps in a multi-path configuration. In another aspect, an apparatus comprises a computer-readable medium having a plurality of parsing step modules and configured to receive data from the information sources, an input device configured to select and arrange at least two parsing step modules as parsing steps in a multi-path configuration, thereby creating a template, and processing circuitry configured to generate parsed data values by analyzing data from the information sources according to the template.

Abstract: A system and method for combining the model-based and genetics-based methods are combined according to a convergence criterion. When the population is not converged, the genetics-based approach is used, and when the population is converged, the model-based method is used to generate offspring. The algorithm benefits from using a model-based offspring generation only when the population shows a certain degree of regularity, i.e., converged in a stochastic sense. In addition, a more sophisticated method to construct the stochastic part of the model can be used. Also a biased Gaussian noise (the mean of the noise is not zero), as well as a white Gaussian noise (the mean of the noise is zero) can be preferably used for the stochastic part of the model.

Abstract: This invention provides a wide viewing angle liquid crystal display and a method for achieving wide viewing angle effect. The invention adds conductive nanoparticles in a liquid crystal layer of the present liquid crystal display. When a driving voltage is applied on the present liquid crystal display, an electric field applied on the liquid crystal layer is distorted by the conductive nanoparticles dispersed in the liquid crystal layer. A non-uniform electric field is hence formed in the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal molecules are prone to multi-directional alignments. As such, a wide viewing angle effect can be achieved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transmitting apparatus of an OFDMA system and a method thereof.

Abstract: [?[CH2NH]PG4] glycopeptide antibiotic analogs are reengineered forms of glycopeptides that exhibit antimicrobial activity against both wild type and glycopeptide antibiotic resistant strains of microorganisms. For example, [?[CH2NH]Tpg4] vancomycin aglycon is a reengineered form of vancomycin that exhibits antimicrobial activity (MIC=31 ?g/mL) against both wild type and VanA resistant organism (E. faecalis BM4166). The VanA resistant organism achieves its resistance, upon glycopeptide antibiotic challenge, by remodeling its D-Ala-D-Ala peptidoglycan cell wall precursor to D-Ala-D-Lac. [?[CH2NH]PG4] glycopeptide antibiotic analogs have an altered glycopeptide backbone wherein the carbonyl of the fourth amino acid residue of the glycopeptide backbone has been replaced with a methylene. This alteration of the glycopeptide backbone imparts dual binding affinities for both D-Ala-D-Ala and D-Ala-D-Lac and dual antimicrobial activities for both wild type and resistant strains.

Abstract: The phase spectrum of an ultrashort pulse is measured based on two-dimensional spectral shearing interferometry with zero delay. The measurement is performed utilizing an optical source pulse from which is extracted a short pulse and from which a chirped component is generated. The chirped component is split into first and second chirped pulses. The first and second pulses are then mixed with the short pulse in a nonlinear medium to produce up-converted and spectrally sheared copies of the first and second chirped pulses, which are measured in a spectrometer. A plurality of path lengths for the first second chirped pulses is provide to generate delays and shift the relative positions of the first and second chirped pulses for additional measurements. The apparatus and methods are uniquely suited for characterizing single-cycle pulses.

Abstract: A supported catalyst system comprising the product obtainable by contacting an adduct of formula (I) MgT2a.yAlQj(OU)3-j??(I) wherein T is chlorine, bromine, or iodine; U is a linear or branched C1-C10 alkyl radical, y ranges from 6.00 to 0.05; j ranges from 3 to 0.1; Q substituents, are hydrocarbon radicals containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; with at least one compound selected from the compounds of formula (II), (III) and (IV) wherein M1 is a transition metal atom selected from Groups 3-11 of Periodical Table; each R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R8 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; L and L1 are divalent or trivalent hydrocarbon groups; T1 is a Lewis base; A1 and A2 are oxygen sulfur or nitrogen containing groups and X is hydrogen halogen or hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: Methods for making glycoproteins, both in vitro and in vivo, are provided. One method involves incorporating an unnatural amino acid into a protein and attaching one or more saccharide moieties to the unnatural amino acid. Another method involves incorporating an unnatural amino acid that includes a saccharide moiety into a protein. Proteins made by both methods can be further modified with additional sugars.

Abstract: To obtain truly flexible electro-optic films for image display or other related applications and to obtain a low cost solution for making electro-optic films, a new concept for manufacturing such films is disclosed. The method disclosed in this invention include mixing liquid crystal with “sponge particles” having fibril or porous surface morphology, coating such mixture directly on substrates with conductive electrodes and laminating with release liner or another substrate having conductive electrodes. The electro-optic films manufactured by using traditional R2R coating techniques. The electro-optic film manufactured by the method disclosed in the invention can be used for segment type, passive matrix type or active matrix type display applications or other related applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composite tool bar which has a composite body part (10) covered with a covering (20), with a plurality of bites (TO1-T05) mounted on the composite body part (10) along a longitudinal direction. The composite tool bar includes a first insert (240) which is inserted into the composite body part (10). A bite mounting hole (210) is provided in the first insert (240) to receive a bite therein. A bite height adjusting hole (220) is axially aligned with the bite mounting hole (210) to receive therein a bite height adjusting bolt (BO1-B05). The composite tool bar further includes a second insert (250) which is inserted into the composite body part (10) to be coupled to the first insert (240). A bite holding hole (230) is provided in the second insert (250) to receive therein a bite holding bolt (B06-B10).

Abstract: A current source for magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is provided, including a band-gap reference circuit, a first stage buffer, and a plurality of second stage buffers. The band-gap reference circuit provides an output reference voltage which is locked by the first stage buffer. The plurality of second stage buffers generate a stable voltage in response to the locked voltage, so as to provide a current for the conducting wire after being converted, such that magnetic memory cell changes its memory state in response to the current. The current source may reduce the discharge time under the operation of biphase current, so as to raise the operating speed. Further, the circuit area of the current source for the MRAM is also reduced. The operation of multiple write wires may be provided simultaneously to achieve parallel write.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for analyzing a time series signal by a method of Chaos Theory and calculating a chaos theoretical exponent value.

Abstract: The magnetic field in an acceleration chamber defined by a magnet structure is shaped by shaping the poles of a magnetic yoke and/or by providing additional magnetic coils to produce a magnetic field in the median acceleration plane that decreases with increasing radial distance from a central axis. The magnet structure is thereby rendered suitable for the acceleration of charged particles in a synchrocyclotron. The magnetic field in the median acceleration plane is “coil-dominated,” meaning that a strong majority of the magnetic field in the median acceleration plane is directly generated by a pair of primary magnetic coils (e.g., superconducting coils) positioned about the acceleration chamber, and the magnet structure is structured to provide both weak focusing and phase stability in the acceleration chamber. The magnet structure can be very compact and can produce particularly high magnetic fields.

Abstract: Methods and systems for operating an apertureless microscope for observing one or more features to a molecular sensitivity on objects are described. More particularly, the method includes moving a tip of a probe coupled to a cantilever in a vicinity of a feature of a sample, which emits one or more photons at a detected rate relative to a background rate of the sample based upon the presence of the tip of the probe in the vicinity of the feature. The method modifies the detected rate of the feature of the sample, whereupon the modifying of the detected rate causes the feature of the sample to enhance relative to background rate of the feature.

Abstract: A technique to provide an information-sharing system and the like is disclosed. According to this technique, there are provided an on-board information terminal to transmit one or more types of information among a vehicle information relating to user's own vehicle and on-board program information to acquire shared information, an area information acquiring system for acquiring area information, and an information-sharing server for calculating time function existing quantity based on time function according to one or more types of information among vehicle information and area information, calculates time function transmission quantity based on time function including the calculated time function existing quantity, arranges the calculated time function existing quantity and the time function transmission quantity to a corresponding position on a map, attaches the map information to the on-board program information, and transmits it to the on-board information terminal.

Abstract: Small heat shock proteins, e.g., Pyrococcus fuiosus (Pfu-sHSP and/or Pfu-tsHSP), confer thermotolerance on cellular cultures and on proteins in cellular extracts during prolonged incubation at elevated temperature, demonstrating the ability to protect cellular proteins and maintain cellular viability under heat stress conditions. Such heat shock proteins are effective to combat enzymatic aggregation and intracellular precipitation during heat stress, and thereby enable enhancement of the utility and stability of enzymes in various applications, e.g., Taq polymerase in PCR applications, digestive enzymes in microbial degradative applications, etc.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of multi-level combinational circuits with cyclic topologies. The techniques, applicable in logic synthesis, and in particular in the structuring phase of logic synthesis, optimize a multi-level description, introducing feedback and potentially optimizing the network.