Abstract: An optical disk primarily includes a recording layer and a viscosity-variable material layer. When a laser beam is irradiated to reproduce a record written on the recording layer, part of the crystalline thin layer of the viscosity-variable material layer is softened to vary the optical constant of the softened region. Consequently, a plane having discontinuous optical constants is produced at the boundary between the softened region and the other region, so that a ring-shaped specific region is produced in a light spot. The ring-shaped specific region allows record patterns smaller than or equal to the resolution limit to be reproduced with the same signal intensity as that of the other record patterns larger than the resolution limit.

Abstract: Radionuclide can be easily removed from a solution under aerobic condition by culturing Euglena in contact with radionuclide in a solution that is suitable for viability Euglena to thus transfer said radionuclide to Euglena and separating said Euglena comprising radionuclide from said solution.

Abstract: An apparatus including an exhaust gas source, such as a reciprocating internal combustion engine, industrial furnace, industrial heater, gasification reactor, and a thermochemical recuperator in which a fuel is reformed. The thermochemical recuperator is heated by exhaust gases from the reciprocating internal combustion engine and steam for the reforming process is produced by passing feed water through an engine lubricating oil heat exchanger, an engine cooling system heat recovery system and an exhaust gas heat recovery system arranged in series.

Abstract: Backfilled, self-assembled monolayers and methods of making the same are disclosed. The self-assembled monolayer comprises at least one functional organosilane species and a substantially random dispersion of at least one backfilling organosilane species among the functional organosilane species, wherein the functional and backfilling organosilane species have been sequentially deposited on a substrate. The method comprises depositing sequentially a first organosilane species followed by a backfilling organosilane species, and employing a relaxation agent before or during deposition of the backfilling organosilane species, wherein the first and backfilling organosilane species are substantially randomly dispersed on a substrate.

Abstract: An opto-electronic device comprising opto-electronic circuitry on a lead-frame and an optical guide receptacle for receiving an optical guide coupler, the opto-electronic circuitry comprises signal conversion means whereby an optical signal can be converted into an electrical signal or vice versa, the optical guide receptacle comprises means for guiding reception of an optical guide coupler whereby an optical guide coupler is optically aligned with the signal conversion means when received by said optical guide receptacle.

Abstract: The present invention provides materials and methods for screening for and treating hereditary lymphedema in human subjects.

Abstract: The invention presents yttria elements containing high-density chrome based refractory composites, which consist of: (A) Fused polymeric compound as aggregate, containing: 40 to 50 wt % of particles in size from 1 to 4 mm and 15 to 25 wt % of particles in size below 1 mm; (B) A matrix consisting of fused polymeric compounds with particle sizes below 66 ?m, active sintered Al2O3, active industrial Cr2O3 and Y2O3, (C) Binders accounting for 2.5 to 3.5 wt %. Since Y2O3 has resistance to the slag corrosion and penetration with its compatibility with slag, it has been introduced to activate the major component Cr2O3 crystal lattice in favor with Al2O3 so that it helps to reduce the sintering temperature, increase the rate of finished products as well as reduce the manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A method for preparing a biphenylphosphonate compound of the following formula (I): wherein n is 2 or 3; Ar is a C6–C16 aromatic group; which comprising (a) reacting an o-phenylphenol with a phosphorus trichloride in the presence of a zinc chloride catalyst to form a 6-chloro-6H-dibenz [c,e][1,2] oxaphosphorin of the following formula (II); (b) reacting a polyhydroxybenzene compound of the formula (III) (HO)n—Ar ??(III) wherein n and Ar are defined the same as the above, with the compound of formula (II) to form a compound of the following formula (IV) wherein n and Ar are defined the same as the above; and (c) oxidizing the compound of formula (IV) in the presence of water and ozone to form the compound of formula (I).

Abstract: A glycosaminoglycan sulfotransferase, a peptide thereof, a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the same, an enzyme agent for the synthesis of a glycosaminoglycan, which comprises the above-described enzyme or polypeptide, and a process for producing a glycosaminoglycan, which uses the enzyme agent.

Abstract: Provided is a method of acquiring a high linear characteristic and a low distortion in a transconductor (operational transconductance amplifier), especially, in a triode region type transconductor among CMOS transconductors. A resistance is inserted in a source or a drain of an input triode transistor. The transconductor has a simple circuit structure, and has a large linear region, constant transconductance and low total harmonic distortion (THD) characteristic within an error region.

Abstract: A multibit phase change memory device structured such that a plurality of individual phase change memory devices are aligned in a plan area or vertically, and a method of driving the same are provided. The multibit phase change memory device includes a phase change material layer having a plurality of contact portions being in contact with a heating electrode, and having a plurality of active regions, each active region forming a unit phase change memory device. The phase change material layer may be composed of one material layer in which the plurality of active regions are aligned in plural arrays. Alternatively, the phase change material layer may be composed of a plurality of phase change material layers in which one or plural active regions are respectively aligned in one array. The plurality of phase change material layers may be disposed in a same level of a plan area, or the plurality of phase change material layers may be respectively disposed on different plan areas in a same vertical line.

Abstract: A nitride based semiconductor laser diode device comprising a selective growth mask with a grating structure is proposed. The island-like stacked epitaxial layers including the P-type cladding layer is formed from the selective growth mask upon the active layer of the semiconductor laser structure. This proposed structure can reduce the strain by the deformation due to the isolate structure. Thus, increase of thickness of the cladding layer and/or increase of composition difference can be achieved without crack existing in the island-like stacked epitaxial layers. The optical confinement can be effectively improved.

Abstract: The present invention provides a phase change memory cell comprising (GeASbBTeC)1-X(RaSbTeC)X solid solution, the solid solution being formed from a Ge—Sb—Te based alloy and a ternary metal alloy R—S—Te sharing same crystal structure as the Ge—Sb—Te based alloy. A nonvolatile phase change memory cell in accordance with the present invention provides many advantages such as high speed, high data retention, and multi-bit operation.

Abstract: A packet transmission apparatus and method is disclosed. The present invention transmits data packets without relaying a duplicate acknowledgement packet by equipping an indirect acknowledgement timer at a buffer, generating/transmitting the indirect acknowledgement packet of the first arrived acknowledgment packet base on the indirect acknowledgement timer and implementing an indirect acknowledgement method to a snoop protocol for overcoming problems of the transmission control protocol (TCP) in the wireless network environment. The present invention effectively utilizes resources of the wireless link, which is wasted during recovering lost packet in the conventional snoop protocol. The present invention also reduces a required size of the buffer of the base station by allowing a partially-generation of the indirect acknowledgement packet.

Abstract: Disclosed are a kenyaite catalyst containing a metal oxide between layers of a layered silicate having kenyaite structure, a method for preparing the same, and a method for preparing ?-caprolactam from cyclohexanone oxime by applying the catalyst to gas phase Beckmann rearrangement.

Abstract: A hydraulic system 10 of the present invention has a hydraulic pump driven by a driving source 14, a hydraulic pump motor 52 driven by an operating oil discharged from the hydraulic pump and flowing in an oil path 50, an inertial body 60 connected to a rotary shaft of the hydraulic pump motor, an oil path 62 connected between an outlet port of the hydraulic pump motor and a load 22, an unloading oil path 64 branched from the oil path 62, and an on-off valve 68 inserted in the unloading oil path. In this configuration, as the on-off valve is opened and closed, a high pressure is generated in the oil path 62 by making use of kinetic energy of the inertial body. The inertial body is driven by hydraulic power and the inertial body is separated from the driving source, which also provides an effect of increasing degrees of freedom for an instrument layout.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for authoring metadata that describe multimedia contents. A storage device loads information on a currently edited metadata document so as to describe multimedia contents, and a metadata editor visualizes the loaded metadata document according to a predetermined method, and allows a user to edit the metadata document. A multimedia access reproducer accesses the input multimedia contents to reproduce corresponding multimedia contents, and an inter-media metadata interface links the multimedia access reproducer and the metadata editor to browse contents and effectively edit information relating to a specific interval of multimedia contents. A metadata output device outputs information on the loaded metadata document according to a predefined format.

Abstract: A protective coating for a surface comprising a layer permeable to hydrogen, said coating being deposited on a catalyst layer; wherein the catalytic activity of the catalyst layer is preserved.

Abstract: The present invention has an objective to provide a high performance piezoelectric element in which is formed an aluminum nitride thin film free from hillocks, cracks, and peeling which exhibits superhigh c-axis orientation, by forming a bottom electrode from a W layer with no intervening adhesive layer on a glass or other cheap substrate. The piezoelectric element of the present invention is a piezoelectric element using a superhigh-oriented aluminum nitride thin film characterized in that the piezoelectric element is free from hillocks, cracks, and peeling and includes a stack structure in which a bottom electrode, a piezoelectric body thin film, and a top electrode are sequentially formed on a substrate; the bottom electrode is made of an oriented W layer of which a (111) plane of W is parallel to a surface of the substrate; and the piezoelectric body thin film is formed of a c-axis-oriented aluminum nitride thin film having a rocking curve full width half maximum (RCFWHM) not exceeding 2.5°.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plate type steam reformer comprising a plate type burner capable of heating a broad area of a reactor as a heat source, positioned on a bottom of the reformer; a reforming reactor requiring a relatively high temperature, positioned over the burner; a high temperature water gas shift reactor requiring a relatively moderate temperature, positioned over the reforming reactor; a low temperature water gas shift reactor requiring a relatively low temperature, positioned over the high temperature water gas shift reactor; and dividing plates positioned between the above three reactors and between the reforming reactor and the burner such that combustion exhaust gas produced in the burner supplies heat to the above reactors.