Abstract: Antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof are provided that immunospecifically bind to PD-1, preferably human or mouse PD-1, and induce or promote an immune response that activates immune cell proliferation or activity. Contrary to the existing paradigm that PD-1 exclusively promotes a suppressive immune response, the disclosed antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof, immunospecifically bind to PD-1 and cause an activating signal to be delivered to the immune cell that activates the immune cell rather than suppressing the immune cell. In one embodiment, the disclosed antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof specifically bind to PD-1 expressed on immune cells. The binding of the disclosed antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof to PD-1 on immune cells causes an activating signal to be transmitted into the immune cell, for example a signal that enhances or promotes cytokine production and/or activation of immune cell proliferation.

Abstract: A space-bred seawater Spirulina H11 strain. The strain exhibits high growth rate, capacity of simultaneously accumulating high contents of phycocyanin, Spirulina polysaccharides and ?-carotene, and excellent adaptability to outdoor environment, thus can be used to produce high-quality Spirulina powders, phycocyanin, Spirulina polysaccharides, and ?-carotene-rich Spirulina oil.

Abstract: Provided is an unmanned aerial vehicle that broadcasts a route and future location information of the unmanned aerial vehicle within preset coverage based on sensing data and current location information of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The unmanned aerial vehicle includes a calculator configured to calculate a predicted route and second location information of the unmanned aerial vehicle corresponding to a preset period of time based on first location information and sensing data; and a transmitter configured to periodically broadcast a first notification signal that includes the first location information, the predicted route, and the second location information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a self-destructible apparatus and method. The apparatus includes a self-destructible operation unit composed of a plurality of cavity cells; a variable voltage/current supply unit configured to supply a variable voltage and current to the self-destructible operation unit; an identification (ID) matching unit configured to compare an ID input from an external source to a digital physical unclonable function (PUF) ID assigned to each of the cavity cells to determine whether the two IDs match each other so that power of the variable voltage/current supply unit is supplied to only a desired cavity cell among the plurality of cavity cells; a digital PUF ID generation unit configured to generate the digital PUF ID input to the ID matching unit; and an external ID input unit configured to generate the ID input to the ID matching unit.

Abstract: An optical amplifier includes a polarization splitter, a polarization rotator, first and second optical couplers, and first and second semiconductor optical amplifying devices. The TE polarized wave of light split by the polarization splitter is input to a first input port of the first optical coupler. The TM polarized wave of the split light is converted into a TE polarized wave by the polarization rotator to be input to a second input port of the first optical coupler. First light and second light output from a first output port and a second output port of the first optical coupler are amplified by the first semiconductor optical amplifying device and the second semiconductor optical amplifying device to be input to a first input port and a second input port of the second optical coupler, respectively. Third light is output from an output port of the second optical coupler.

Abstract: Disclosed is a crashworthy post, which allows a post body to slide rearward along with a vehicle at the early stage of a vehicle collision, and simultaneously a compressive deforming pipe is compressed to dissipate impact energy.

Abstract: Lifting robot systems and methods for operating the same are disclosed. A lifting robot system includes a sensor device and a robot device. The robot device includes a body, a lifting component movably coupled to the body, and a collection tray coupled to the lifting component. Upon receiving a command to lift an object, the sensor device automatically detects the object, the robot device places the object on the collection tray, and the robot device causes the lifting component to lift the collection tray from a first height to a second height.

Abstract: A mutant-type uricase, PEG modified mutant-type uricase, and application thereof. The mutant-type uricase has a cysteine residue introduced by recombination, the cysteine residue is located at an inactive region of the uricase, and one or more PEGs are coupled to the mutant-type uricase. The resulting PEGylated mutant-type uricase has characteristics of a half-life extension, product uniformity, and stable enzyme activity. Therefore, the present invention has a wide future application range.

Abstract: Provided is a mutant filamentous fungus, which lacks expression of ?-1,3-glucan, and is deficient in at least part of a GAG biosynthetic cluster. Also provided is a method of producing a substance, including the steps of: culturing the filamentous fungus to allow the filamentous fungus to produce a substance; and collecting the resulting substance.

Abstract: Disclosed are a self-exposure method for a surface of conductive particles anchored in a polymer layer, a method of fabricating an anisotropic conductive film using the self-exposure method, and the anisotropic conductive film. A self-exposure method for a surface of conductive particles within a polymer layer may include controlling surface energy of multiple conductive particles so that a difference between surface energy of polymer to be used to fabricate the polymer layer and surface energy of the multiple conductive particles to be included in the polymer layer is a preset difference or more, forming a polymer solution by dissolving the polymer into a solvent in which the conductive particles having controlled surface energy have been mixed, and generating the polymer layer from which at least part of a surface of the multiple conductive particles has been externally exposed due to a difference in the surface energy by drying the polymer solution.

Abstract: Various embodiments are directed to interconnectable tiles configured for operation in an aquatic environment or a near-zero/zero gravity environment. The interconnectable tiles are configured to interconnect relative to one another to form interconnected surfaces, and individual interconnectable tiles provide thrust, ballast, and/or buoyancy to the overall interconnected surface so as to move the interconnected surface in a desired configuration.

Abstract: A water decomposition device may include a hydrogen-generating electrode including a first external electrode and at least one first internal electrode formed integrally with the first external electrode, and an oxygen-generating electrode including a second external electrode and at least one second internal electrode formed integrally with the second external electrode. The first external electrode and the second external electrode are disposed to face each other, and the first internal electrode and the second internal electrode are disposed alternately in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof. Therefore, the water decomposition device may secure both transparency and durability even when an opaque material is used therefor.

Abstract: This disclosure provides compounds and compositions which may be modulators of MAGL and/or ABHD6 and their use as medicinal agents, processes for their preparation, and pharmaceutical compositions that include disclosed compounds as at least one active agent. The disclosure also provides for a method of treating a patient in need thereof, where the patient is suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder comprising administering a disclosed compound or composition.

Abstract: A TPC apparatus 12 is configured to be able to access a possessed quantity storage unit that stores a possessed quantity of an asset in a first entity and a possessed quantity of an asset in a second entity and a transaction information storage unit that stores first transaction information and second transaction information indicating a transaction of an asset between the first entity and the second entity. The TPC apparatus 12 determines whether or not a net base transaction based on the first transaction information and the second transaction information is possible by the possessed quantity of an asset in at least one of the first entity and the second entity. The TPC apparatus 12 pays for a transaction indicated by the first transaction information on a gross basis and pays for a transaction indicated by the second transaction information on a gross basis when it is determined that the net base transaction is possible.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic device containing: a two-dimensional semiconductor material; and another heterogeneous material adjacent to the two-dimensional semiconductor material, wherein the heterogeneous material is doped with an impurity of a type different from the two-dimensional semiconductor material or has a band gap different from the two-dimensional semiconductor material.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for broadcast signal frame using layered division multiplexing are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling, start position information of Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs) and time interleaver information shared by the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for enhancing disease resistance in plants are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a terminal apparatus including: a receiver configured to detect a transmission direction of a signal used for communication with at least one base station apparatus; and a transmitter configured to transmit, to a location server, base station direction information for indicating the transmission direction detected.

Abstract: This disclosure describes microfluidic tissue biopsy and immune response drug evaluation devices and systems. A microfluidic device can include an inlet channel having a first end configured to receive a fluid sample optionally containing a tissue sample. The microfluidic device can also include a tissue trapping region at the second end of the inlet channel downstream from the first end. The tissue trapping region can include one or more tissue traps configured to catch a tissue sample flowing through the inlet channel such that the fluid sample contacts the tissue trap. The microfluidic device can also include one or more channels providing an outlet.

Abstract: A vehicle, a vehicle positioning system and a vehicle positioning method are provided. The vehicle positioning system includes a 2D image sensor, a 3D sensor and a processor. The 2D image sensor is configured for obtaining 2D image data. The 3D sensor is configured for obtaining 3D point cloud data. The processor is coupled to the 2D image sensor and the 3D sensor, and configured for merging the 2D image data and the 3D point cloud data to generate 3D image data, identifying at least one static object from the 2D image data, obtaining 3D point cloud data of the static object from the 3D image data based on each one of the at least one static object, and calculating a vehicle relative coordinate of the vehicle based on the 3D point cloud data of the static object.