Abstract: The disclosed method and an apparatus are directed to determine an uplink transmission power in in New Radio (NR) systems by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for transmitting at least one physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), using multiple beams toward multiple Tx/Rx points (TRPs). The method includes determining common parameters like a target receive power, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) specific offset, and a transmit power control (TPC) command parameters common to the multiple beams. The method also includes determining beam-specific parameters like path loss for each beam, a configurable fractional power compensation factor for each beam, and a configurable maximum transmit power level of the each beam, wherein the fractional power compensation factor and the configurable maximum transmit power level for the each beam are determined dynamically or semi-statically based on at least deployment, WTRU mobility, or interference level.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a downlink communication from a network over a first interface transmitted to one or more WTRUs in a group of WTRUs. The WTRU may determine an access class of the WTRU based on a packet loss percentage of the downlink communication. The access class may be associated with a contention window for accessing a second interface. The WTRU may transmit packet loss information to the one or more WTRUs over the second interface in the contention window. The WTRU may receive packet loss feedback from the one or more WTRUs over the second interface. The WTRU may determine that the access class of the WTRU is a highest class of the one or more WTRUs. The WTRU may transmit a single groupcast negative acknowledgement (gNACK) to the network on behalf of the one or more WTRUs over the first interface.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for offline management of blockchain nodes are disclosed. A method performed by a first blockchain node may comprise transmitting, to at least a second blockchain node, a first message that includes information indicating a status of the first blockchain node and a value indicating a time at which the first block chain node will go offline; receiving, from the second blockchain node, a second message that includes information indicating a blockchain proxy node being selected for the first blockchain node; and transitioning to an offline status at the time indicated by the value.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for adapting clear channel assessment (CCA) thresholds with or without Transmit Power Control (TPC) are disclosed. An IEEE 802.11 station (STA) may dynamically calculate a STA specific transmit power control (TPC) value and a STA specific clear channel assessment (CCA) value based on a target TPC parameter and a target CCA parameter. The target TPC parameter and the target CCA parameter may be received from an IEEE 802.11 cluster head configured to control TPC and CCA for a plurality of STAs associated with the BSS. The target TPC parameter and the target CCA parameter also may be related. The STA may then determine whether a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) wireless medium of a wireless local area network (WLAN) basic service set (BSS) is occupied or idle based on the STA specific CCA value.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for enforcing limited mobility in a mobile network. For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive (e.g., receive from a network) a mapping of physical cell identifications (PCIs) to area identifications (AIDs). The WTRU may determine a first PCI associated with a first neighbor cell. The WTRU may determine, based on the first PCI and the PCIs to AIDs mapping, whether the WTRU is allowed to access the first neighbor cell. The WTRU may perform cell selection or reselection with the first neighbor cell as a cell selection or reselection candidate. The WTRU may perform cell selection or reselection based on the WTRU determining that the WTRU is allowed to access the first neighbor cell. The WTRU may determine that the WTRU is allowed to access the first neighbor cell based on the first PCI and the PCIs to AIDs mapping.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), comprising a memory, and a processor to execute instructions from the memory, wherein the processor is configured to access a non-3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Access Network (AN), establish a link with a Non-3GPP Interworking Function (N3IWF) via the non-3GPP AN, request information from the N3IWF about network slicing capabilities of a 3GPP Radio Access Network (RAN), receive information from the N3IWF about network slicing capabilities of the 3GPP RAN, and determine whether to register with the 3GPP RAN based upon the network slicing capabilities of the 3GPP RAN. Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described for sending information about network slicing capabilities of a 3GPP RAN to a N3IWF, establishing a link between a WTRU operating on a non-3GPP AN and the N3IWF via the non-3GPP AN, and sending information from the N3IWF to the WTRU about network slicing capabilities of the 3GPP RAN.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from a base station, a synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block transmission. The WTRU may transmit using a physical random access channel (PRACH) resource. Further, the PRACH resource may be determined based on an SS/PBCH block index. Also, the SS/PBCH block index may be determined based on information associated with the SS/PBCH block transmission. In a further example, the information associated with the PBCH block may be derived from a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence. In another example, the DMRS sequence may be a PBCH DMRS sequence. Also, the information associated with the PBCH block may be derived from PBCH payload bits. Further, the SS/PBCH block index may be associated with a beam. In addition, SS/PBCH transmissions of different beams may be transmitted at different times. Further, the PRACH resource may include a preamble resource, a time resource and a frequency resource.

Abstract: Encoding can involve correcting chroma components representing the chroma of an input image according to a first component representing a mapping of the luminance component of said input image used for reducing or increasing the dynamic range of said luminance component, and a reconstructed component representing an inverse mapping of said first component. At least one correction factor according to said at least one scaled chroma components can also be obtained and transmitted. Decoding can involve scaled chroma components being obtained by multiplying chroma components of an image by at least one corrected chroma correction function depending on said at least one correction factor. Components of a reconstructed image can then be derived as a function of said scaled chroma components and a corrected matrix that depends on an inverse of a theoretical color space matrix conversion and said at least one correction factor.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receiver unit (WTRU) is configured to receive sounding reference signal (SRS) configuration information. The SRS configuration information indicates a plurality of SRS configurations and indicates antenna transmission information. The WTRU is configured to receive SRS trigger information. The SRS trigger information comprises an indication to trigger transmission of one of the plurality of SRS configurations. The WTRU is configured to transmit a plurality of SRS associated with the indication in the SRS trigger information and based on the SRS configuration information. At least a first SRS of the plurality of SRS is transmitted over a first antenna port in a first symbol and at least a second SRS of the plurality of SRS is transmitted over a second antenna port in a second symbol.

Abstract: As disclosed herein, there is one or more system, device, and/or method that addresses one or more of the following, but is not limited to: wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU)(s) configured to send sidelink radio link measurements to a base station (e.g., gNB); WTRU(s) configured to consider CBR/CR levels for starting performing measurements on neighbor links/cells; WTRU(s) configured to consider CBR/CR levels in conjunction with SL RSRP/RSRQ/RSNI thresholds for reporting measurements; WTRU(s) configured to report sidelink measurements in different ways depending on the measurements being performed using data or discovery signals; relay WTRU(s) configured to forward/report sidelink measurements to a gNB; handover commands in a relay scenario based on measurements at a remote WTRU.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures, and interfaces for a path computation element (PCE) performing run-time operations for providing isolated service chains in a name-based routing system of communications network, are provided. A method may include any of: receiving, from a client device, a first message requesting a forwarding identifier (FID) associated with a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of a service function (SF), the first message including information indicating: (1) a first identifier (ID) associated with the FQDN of the SF, and (2) a second ID associated with the FQDN of the SF; on condition that the PCE has determined that the first ID is for a subscriber associated with a namespace known to the PCE, determining the FID associated with the FQDN of the SF according to namespace information; and transmitting information associated with the FID to the client device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for sidelink communication in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). For example, a first WTRU configured with first and second resource pools may perform at least one congestion measurement of the second resource pool. The first resource pool may be configured for use by the first WTRU for transmission of the first data. The second resource pool may be configured for use by a second WTRU for transmission of the second data associated with a higher priority than the first data. If the at least one congestion measurement of the second resource pool is below a predetermined threshold, the first WTRU may transmit the first data using the first resource pool. If the at least one congestion measurement of the second resource pool is above a predetermined threshold, the first US may not transmit the first data using the first resource pool.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein associated with relay usage (e.g., new radio (NR) relays used as an example herein) where handovers between sidelink (SL) and direct link and/or between sidelinks may be based on consideration of end-to-end radio and/or load conditions. Handover decisions may be determined, for example, based on measurements of direct connections, sidelink connections, and/or backhaul connections. Handover decisions may be optimized, for example, based on measurement reporting behavior. A remote wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) (e.g., a WTRU that may be configured to connect to a network, for example, using a relay WTRU) in sidelink relay operation with a relay WTRU may determine measurement reporting behavior (e.g., associated with performed measurements of the direct connections, sideline connections, and/or backhaul connections), for example, while considering the sidelink quality associated with the relay WTRU.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive first measurement indication information indicating an activation of measurement reporting. The WTRU may determine a first set of resource elements (REs) based on the first measurement indication information. Further, the first set of REs may be associated with measurement-related time and frequency resources. Also, the WTRU may receive one or more measurement-related signals in the indicated first set of REs. Additionally, the WTRU may perform a measurement of each measurement-related signal. The WTRU may transmit, based on the first measurement indication information, a measurement report based on the measurement of each measurement-related signal. Further, the WTRU may receive second measurement indication information indicating a deactivation of measurement reporting.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems are provided for performing a random access (RA) procedure. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive RA resource sets, where each of the RA resource sets is associated with a node-B directional beam, select an RA resource set from among the RA resource sets, and initiate an RA procedure based on the selected RA resource set. The RA procedure may include selecting multiple preambles which include a preamble for each resource of a plurality of resources corresponding to the selected RA resource set. The WTRU may be configured to sequentially transmit the selected multiple preambles in sequential RA transmissions, and may be configured to receive, from a node-B, in response to the RA transmissions, at least one RA response (RAR), where each of the received at least one RAR corresponds to one of the transmitted multiple preambles.

Abstract: Systems and methods are contemplated for reconfiguration of one or more MAC instances while the WTRU is operating using dual- or multi-MAC instance connectivity. For example, upon reception of RRC reconfiguration information that modifies one or more secondary MAC instances, the WTRU may transmit a reconfiguration complete message to a Macro eNB (MeNB) and may synchronize to small-cell or secondary eNB (SeNB), for example if triggered by one or more of an RRC flag, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order (MeNB/SeNB), MAC activation information, etc. For example, the WTRU may synchronize to the SeNB for specific type(s) of RRC reconfigurations, but not other type(s) of RRC reconfigurations. Although examples may be described in terms of dual connectivity, the WTRU may establish connectivity and perform mobility procedures with more than two radio access network (RAN) nodes (e.g., eNBs), and the embodiments described may be equally applicable to those scenarios.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a first physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) signal including a system information block (SIB) with a first time division duplex (TDD) uplink (UL)/downlink (DL) configuration. Also, the WTRU may receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) signal including downlink control information (DCI). In addition, the DCI may indicate an uplink grant. Further, the WTRU may transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission based on the uplink grant. Also, the WTRU may transmit at least one PUSCH repetition transmission based on the uplink grant. The at least one PUSCH repetition transmission may be transmitted in at least one time interval that is non-overlapping with a downlink time interval indicated by the first TDD UL/DL configuration. In an example, the SIB may be a SIB Type 1 (SIB-1) or a SIB Type 2 (SIB-2).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing sidelink communications in a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and New Radio (NR) technologies is described herein. A WTRU receives downlink control information (DCI) on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) from a gNodeB (gNB), wherein the DCI is associated with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The a determination is made as to whether the DCI is for an LTE or NR technology sidelink transmission. On a condition that the DCI is for NR technology, the WTRU determines which transmit modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table to apply based on the masking of at least some of the bits in the CRC. Then the WTRU transmits sidelink data on resources indicated by the DCI using the determined MCS table. The WTRU may also receive HARQ feedback on resources indicated by the DCI for HARQ feedback.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described. A long term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes a transceiver and a processor. The transceiver receives discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration information. The processor, in response to the received DRX information, controls the transceiver to monitor LTE-A physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) in subframes in a first frequency band during an active time. The processor further, in response to detecting a downlink assignment in an LTE-A PDCCH in the first frequency band during the active time, wherein the downlink assignment indicates a second frequency band and assigned subcarriers within the second frequency band, to receive an LTE-A physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) K subframes after a transmission of the downlink assignment. The second frequency band is different than the first frequency band.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and systems for user-plane congestion management are provided. Among these method, apparatuses and systems is a method, implementable by a base station (and/or a serving gateway), for mitigating user plane congestion. The method may include sending a congestion indication to a core network; receiving a general packet radio system (GPRS) tunneling protocol (GTP) packet including an first internet protocol (IP) packet associated with a first flow within a bearer; obtaining, from a header of the GTP packet, an indicator indicative of a priority of the IP packet, wherein the indicator was inserted into the header of the GTP packet by the core network responsive to the congestion indication; and dropping any of the GTP packet and the first IP packet on condition that a priority of a second IP packet associated with second flow within the bearer takes precedence over the priority of the first IP packet.