Abstract: The invention relates to a procedure and an apparatus for feeding solid material into a pressurized space. According to the invention, the apparatus comprises a feed chamber (12) communicating with the pressurized space (1) via a gate (13), a piston cylinder (8) adjoining the feed chamber (12) and provided with an aperture (28) in its wall for the intake of solid material, and a piston (9) which consists of an inner and an outer piston (11,10), moves within the piston cylinder (8) and closes the feed chamber (12) tightly when in its front position. The inner piston (11) moves inside the outer piston (10) and in the feed chamber (12) to insert the solid material into the pressurized space (1).

Abstract: An electromagnetic brake is disclosed comprising a brake wheel, at least one friction surface attached to a respective friction plate and urged into frictional engagement with the brake wheel during braking. An electromagnet and an anchor serve to disengage the friction surface from the brake wheel when a current is supplied to the electromagnet. To compensate for the wear of the friction surface, the anchor is adapted to rotate in adjustment threads and thereby advance towards the magnet. Rotation of the anchor is caused by a coil spring. To maintain an essentially constant clearance between the electromagnet and the anchor when the brake is in the close state, the brake is provided with spring-loaded lugs mounted on a face of the anchor and protruding to predetermined distance towards the electromagnet.

Abstract: A procedure for producing a speed reference signal for a crane motor control when the converter feeding the motor is controlled by means of at least one manually operated controller. To allow the speed reference signal to be changed, the controller has a control position in which the value of the speed reference signal is changed as a function of time. In order to facilitate more accurate manual control of the motor speed, when the speed of the motor is above a predetermined minimum value, the time derivative of the speed reference signal is changed during acceleration of the motor.

Abstract: A hoisting system is disclosed which includes a hoisting drum around which two hoisting ropes are wound in respective hoist rope grooves. The hoisting ropes are secured to the hoisting drum at one end, and extend down to a suspended device, such as an elevator, or a crane hook. The hoisting drum also includes a cable groove, which is located between the two hoist rope grooves. An electrical cable is secured at one end to the hoist drum, is wound around the hoist drum in the cable groove, and extends down to the suspended device. A slip-ring assembly establishes an electrical connection to the cable, so as to permit power to be supplied to the suspended device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a procedure for selecting the mode of controlling the motor of a crane, or an equivalent lifting apparatus, when at least two alternative modes of controlling the motor are available, and at least one of the modes involves control by means of a switch having at least two positions connectable in a predetermined order, so as to produce corresponding control signals at a control input port. Each control mode uses at least one control signal common to all modes. According to the invention, the control signals applied to a control input port are monitored, the prevailing control situation is determined on the basis of the monitored signals and the mode of control is selected on the basis of which ones of the signals are active and the prevailing control situation.

Abstract: A gear transmission for a lifting machine has at least a one step cylindrical gear transmission rotatably carried at least partly inside a rope drum. The cylindrical gear transmission and a planetary gear transmission are coupled to constitute a combined gear transmission at least partly located inside a cylindrical shell, with the combined transmission being located within the rope drum.

Abstract: A counter blade is disclosed for use in a chipping machine which comprises a chipper disc rotatably mounted in the chipper frame by means of a shaft supporting the disc. The counter blade is attached to the chipper frame essentially at the intersection of a blade mounted in the chipper disc and the log to be chipped, in such manner that, on the side opposite to the chipping blade, the counter blade rests against the log to be chipped. The counter blade consists of a first and a second blade part placed at an obtuse angle relative to each other. According to the present invention, the counter blade consists of two essentially elongated elements having an arris forming the cutting edge of the counter blade at least on one of its longitudinal sides. The end faces of the counter blade elements are so formed as to permit connection to an adjacent counter blade element so that two counter blades form a continuous cutting edge of the counter blade.

Abstract: Procedure for damping the swing of the load of a crane during the traversing motion of the trolley and/or bridge when the trolley bridge is controlled by a signal which controls the traversing motor. The length of the hoisting rope is determined and used for the calculation of the time of oscillation of the load swing, and when a new speed setting is given, a control signal compensating the swing prevailing at the moment and another control signal changing the speed are generated. From an equation for load swing, the momentary total oscillation generated by previous control actions is determined. The compensating control signal includes a first acceleration reference and a second acceleration reference, or alternatively, suitable unrealized parts of acceleration sequences. The speed change is achieved by giving new acceleration sequences which change the speed to a value corresponding to the new setting without generating oscillation.

Abstract: A procedure is disclosed for the determination of glucose in a biological liquid, as well as a reagent mixture for use in conjunction with the procedure. The biological liquids concerned are especially blood, blood components, urine and spinal fluid. The procedure is based on a two-phase enzymatic reaction, the first phase of which comprises transforming glucose with the aid of ATP (adenosine-5-triphosphate) and hexokinase into glucose-6-phosphate and the second phase of which comprises transforming glucose-6-phosphate with the aid of NAD and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase into 6-phosphogluconate. ATP, NAD and the enzymes mentioned are included in a suitably buffered reagent mixture, which can be added as a single dose to the glucose-containing liquid sample. The reaction is monitored kinetically by measuring the absorption caused by the NADH produced in the second phase twice within approximately one minute from the initiation of the first reaction phase.

Abstract: An electromagnetic brake is disclosed which comprises a brake wheel, a friction surface touching the brake wheel during braking and attached to an anchor plate moved by brake springs and an electromagnet which disengages the friction surface from contact with the brake wheel when a current is supplied to the magnet. To compensate for the wear of the friction surface, the brake has at least one retainer mounted on a bolt or shaft lying parallel to the axial direction of the brake. The retainer moves with the anchor plate towards the brake wheel and is provided with a directional element which limits the motion of the anchor plate away from the brake wheel. The brake is also provided with a wedge ring rotated by a spring which serves to move the electromagnet towards the brake wheel.

Abstract: Apparatus for damping the swing of a loading device, said apparatus comprising a trolley provided with a hoisting machine having a hoisting rope on which a loading device is suspended, and downward-pointing brackets attached to the bottom of the trolley. A retaining lever provided with a joint, is mounted on each bracket enabling the lever to turn relative to the bracket. The loading device is so constructed that, when lifted up between the brackets, it will turn the retaining levers into a substantially vertical position. An anti-friction means is provided between the retaining lever and the loading device.

Abstract: A two-stage procedure is disclosed for sorting wood chips. The chips are directed to a gyratory screen in the first stage and to a disc screen in the second stage. The chip flow is divided in the first stage into four fractions of which the first fraction contains mainly oversized chips and is directed to a pin chipper, from which it emerges as suitable-sized chips and is directed back to the gyratory screen of the first stage. The second fraction contains acceptable sized chips and most of the overthick chips and is directed to the second or thickness screening stage. The third fraction consists mainly of acceptable chips and is directed to a pulping process, while the fourth fraction consists mainly of fine particles and is directed to a burning station.

Abstract: A method of and system for handing a load by transferring a load between a storage base and a transport base by engaging a portion of at least one engagement member, e.g. a suction cup or an electromagnet, with an engagement surface on a side or end of the load, and displacing the engagement member to thereby pull the load onto the transport base for transport by the transport base or to push the load from the transport base onto the storage base. The engagement surface has a size at least equal to that of the portion of the engagement member.

Abstract: Procedure for damping the sway of the load (2) moved by the carriage (1) of a crane, said load being suspended on at least one hoisting rope (3). The damping is achieved by using a discrete time control system whose control interval is varied in accordance with the hoisting rope length (L) while the control parameters remain constant.

Abstract: A method for the debarking of logs is disclosed, which comprises treating the logs with enzymes to weaken the bonds between the bark and wood. An apparatus is also disclosed for the debarking of logs, comprising a conveyor for conveying the logs to a debarker, a piping system with nozzles for spraying the logs with an enzyme solution, a device for separating the enzyme solution from the logs and conducting it back into the piping system, and a feed device for supplying enzyme solution into the circulation system.

Abstract: A lifting machine has a drum unit comprising a motor attached to a frame of the lifting machine, a gearbox and a rope drum, this unit being resiliently attached to the frame of the lifting machine.

Abstract: A disk chipper for the production of wood chips, consisting of a rotatable chipping disk supported on an axle driven by at least one drive machine. The disk chipper of the invention is so implemented that at least three motors are drivably coupled to the axle of the chipping disk by means of a gear assembly, preferably a spur gear assembly.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for separating hard objects, such as stones, from a stream of wood in an apparatus for conveying or manipulating logs or blocks of wood including a conveyor section. The device includes a transducer disposed in a location suited for the detection of vibration. The transducer registers acoustic vibrations and is connected to a control unit by means of which hard objects conveyed along with the wood stream can be detected on the basis of the vibration signals they generate. The control unit is also used to control an exit gear incorporated in the conveyor section, so that hard objects which are detected will fall down from the stream of wood passing through the apparatus. The invention eliminates the need to build water-operated stone catchers as conventionally used for the removal of stones.

Abstract: A procedure to avoid permanent flattening of the roundness of paper rolls. The procedure involves a transport carriage provided with two rotatable supporting shafts and the rolls being rotated through one or more predetermined angles at predetermined intervals of time and then stored further in such new rotational position.

Abstract: A procedure and apparatus for locating a shipping container to enable a container crane, or other similar container, handling equipment, to be moved into position for the loading device of the container crane to be interlocked with the container, and thereby facilitate lifting and moving the container. The area below the loading device is observed by means of video devices placed in the vicinity of interlocking means of graspers of the loading device such that, based on video data obtained from each video device, the edges and/of corner pieces of the container are recognized. By the aid of the video data, the loading device can be brought into the correct position in relation to the container, so that the interlocking means of the graspers can be fastened to the corner pieces of the container. The invention provides an improved means for ensuring accurate and reliable operation, while reducing the workload and level of skill required by the operator of the crane.