Abstract: Disclosed herein is a relaxation oscillator using a spintronic device. The relaxation oscillator includes a power source unit, a spintronic device, and a capacitor. The power source unit applies power. The spintronic device is driven by the power applied by the power source unit, and has a variable voltage value depending on the intensity of a magnetic field. The capacitor is connected in parallel with the spintronic device, and is discharged when it assumes a minimum-voltage value in the threshold voltage range of the spintronic device and charged when it assumes a maximum voltage value in the threshold voltage range.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrochemical measurement system for analyzing heavy metals in organic compound-containing samples, comprising: a lower plate; a flow channel plate; an upper plate; an organic compound-decomposing electrode and a heavy metal analysis electrode; and a flow changeover portion. The disclosed system can continuously perform a pretreatment process for organic compound decomposition and a process for heavy metal analysis, thus making it possible to achieve the selective analysis and separation of heavy metals in wastewater. Also, it can substitute for expensive spectrophotometric analysis equipment and makes it possible to monitor trace heavy metals on-line in situ. In addition, it may include a small-sized battery as a power source, such that it is easy to carry and use.

Abstract: Disclosed is a moon grid for transmission electron microscopy tomography, including a mesh sheet for protecting an upper objects and a support film formed on the mesh sheet and having nanoparticles dispersed throughout, in which the nanoparticles dispersed throughout the support film are used as reference points in the reconstruction of two-dimensional transmission electron microscopy images into a three-dimensional image, thus omitting a process of attaching markers in the course of preparation of a sample and easily forming reference points even on a sample to which it is impossible to attach markers. A method of fabricating such a moon grid is also provided.

Abstract: A differential pumping system in which a vacuum chamber is manufactured to have a plurality of vacuum pumps and conductance limit plates between the vacuum pumps. The differential pumping system in which an ion is implanted from an ionization source, passes through the vacuum chamber and is detected by a detection unit includes a plurality of vacuum pumps in the vacuum chamber and one or more conductance limit plates between the vacuum pumps, and the conductance limit plates form an angle less than 90° with the transmission direction of the ion. According to such a constitution, higher degree of vacuum and the ion transmission efficiency are maintained without increasing the length of the vacuum chamber. Furthermore, it is possible to minimize the attenuation of an ion detection signal due to a collision with a neighboring neutral molecule, improving the sensitivity of an ion detection device.

Abstract: Methods for detecting interactions of biomolecules include (a) preparing a cell comprising (i) a first construct comprising a bait, a first labeling material and a translocation module; and (ii) a second construct comprising a prey and a second labeling material; (b) detecting the distribution of the first construct and the second construct in the cell. The methods are simplified and show significantly high accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for manufacturing manganese oxide nanotubes/nanorods using an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. In the inventive methods, the manganese oxide nanotubes/nanorods are manufactured in mild conditions using only a manganese oxide precursor and an anodic aluminum oxide template without using any solvent. The nanotubes/nanorods having uniform size can be easily obtained by adsorbing the manganese oxide precursor onto the surface of the anodic aluminum oxide template by a vacuum forming process using a vacuum filtration apparatus so as to maintain the shape of nanotubes/nanorods and drying the manganese oxide nanotubes. The manganese oxide nanotubes/nanorods made according to the inventive methods can be used as economic hydrogen reservoirs, the electrode of lithium secondary batteries, or the energy reservoirs of vehicles or other transport means.

Abstract: Disclosed is apparatus and method for improving the signal by changing the voltage applied to an analyzing trap of a high resolving power Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. More specifically, after the ion activation, a voltage different from that of a trap electrode is applied to an additional electrode in the center of the trap electrode, and the voltage is maintained until the end of a detection cycle. Applying the above method, the stability of the ions confined in a trap is more increased, and therefore, the detected time domain signal is being lengthened. The lengthened time domain signal results in an increase of the frequency or an improvement of the resolving power and the sensitivity of the mass-to-charge domain signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for phosphorylation site-specific labeling of phosphoproteome with a site-specific tagging reagent and analyzing of the resulting labeled one, more especially, a method for in-situ tagging of phosphorylation sites of phosphoproteins retained in polymeric gel with a nucleophilic tagging reagent. It also relates a method for generating new proteolytic cleavable sites at formerly phosphorylation sites by a proper choice of a nucleophilic tagging reagent. It also relates to a method for phosphopeptides analysis and phosphorylation site identification by in-gel digestion of the previously in-gel tagged proteins and subsequent mass analysis of the resulting peptides. The invention provides in-gel chemical tagging method for phosphoaminoacid residue of phosphoproteins retained in polymeric gel matrix. Phosphoprotein can be immobilized into gel matrix by a variety of methods such as gel electrophoresis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the method for tagging of carbohydrates with active methylene compound. Particularly, it relates to the method for tagging of carbohydrates with active methylene compound comprising the step of preparing carbohydrate conjugate in which carbohydrate and methylene compound are combined by mixing carbohydrate mixture and methylene compound under aqueous polar aprotic solvent containing amine base catalyst. The tagging method of the present invention does not need many kinds of chemical reagent and the reactions can be taken even in the presence of certain amount of impurities. So, it can be used for the analysis of oligosaccharide present in the various kinds of samples.

Abstract: A Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) is provided. A preamplifier is installed as nearest to an ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) trap as possible at a detector part in the mass spectrometer, and thermal noise generated at the preamplifier is minimized by means of a cryo-cooling system to increase a signal-to-noise ratio of ion detection signals such that an ultra-low amount of specimen can be detected, which was impossible in the related art.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of analyzing protein modification. The method of invention for analyzing protein distribution and characteristics on one-dimensional gel provides the way to analyze proteins of samples on one-dimensional gel quantitatively and provides information on interactions among proteins and further can be effectively used for the development of a novel diagnostic and therapeutic method for a disease by screening a disease marker protein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hybrid ion guide which combines the advantages of the conventional electrostatic ion guide and the RF ion guide, comprising an electrostatic ion guide for transmitting the injected ions and applying a voltage for the ions to be focused upon the center axis of the ion transmission direction, and an RF ion guide which is connected to the electrostatic ion guide and passes the ions focused upon the center of the axis of the ion transmission direction. From the constitution of the hybrid ion guide, ion transmission efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a moon grid for transmission electron microscopy tomography, including a mesh sheet for protecting an upper objects and a support film formed on the mesh sheet and having nanoparticles dispersed throughout, in which the nanoparticles dispersed throughout the support film are used as reference points in the reconstruction of two-dimensional transmission electron microscopy images into a three-dimensional image, thus omitting a process of attaching markers in the course of preparation of a sample and easily forming reference points even on a sample to which it is impossible to attach markers. A method of fabricating such a moon grid is also provided.

Abstract: A differential pumping system in which a vacuum chamber is manufactured to have a plurality of vacuum pumps and conductance limit plates between the vacuum pumps. The differential pumping system in which an ion is implanted from an ionization source, passes through the vacuum chamber and is detected by a detection unit includes a plurality of vacuum pumps in the vacuum chamber and one or more conductance limit plates between the vacuum pumps, and the conductance limit plates form an angle less than 90° with the transmission direction of the ion. According to such a constitution, higher degree of vacuum and the ion transmission efficiency are maintained without increasing the length of the vacuum chamber. Furthermore, it is possible to minimize the attenuation of an ion detection signal due to a collision with a neighboring neutral molecule, improving the sensitivity of an ion detection device.

Abstract: A tandem Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer is provided. In the mass spectrometer, the ions selected by a FT-ICR mass analyzer, which can perform an ion selection process and a mass measurement process with a time interval between the processes, are transmitted through an ion guide to a collision cell, which is located a predetermined distance from the FT-ICR mass analyzer, to split into fragment ions. The fragment ions are transmitted to the FT-ICR mass analyzer that measures the mass of the fragment ions. The fragment ions are generated in the collision cell 60 established separately from the FT-ICR mass analyzer 40 according to the mass spectrometer. Accordingly, It can solve various problems (e.g., the radius reduction of cyclotron motion of colliding ions, or the removal of periphery gas after generating the fragment ions) occurred in a tandem mass spectrometer using a conventional tandem-in-time mass analysis method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for producing hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas production apparatus of the present invention comprises a) a dielectric hollow tube, b) a means for maintaining the dielectric hollow tube to a reduced pressure, c) a microwave source that generates a microwave, d) a waveguide coupled to the microwave source that applies the microwave to the dielectric hollow tube, e) a gas supply source that supplies a hydrogen element-containing gas into the dielectric hollow tube, wherein the hydrogen element-containing gas supplied into the dielectric hollow tube undergoes plasma discharge with aid of the microwave from the waveguide and produces reaction products including hydrogen gas through intramolecular bond breakage rather than heat decomposition, by collision of an electron produced by the plasma discharge with the hydrogen element-containing gas, and f) a separator that separates the hydrogen gas from the reaction products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a neutral particle beam processing apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to a neutral particle beam processing apparatus comprising a plasma discharging space inside which processing gases are converted to plasma ions through a plasma discharge, a heavy metal plate which converts the plasma ions into neutral particles through collisions, a plasma limiter which prevents plasma ions and electrons from passing through and allows the neutral particles produced by collisions of the plasma ions with the heavy metal plate to pass through, and a treating housing inside which a substrate to be treated is located, wherein the plasma discharging space is sandwiched between the heavy metal plate and the plasma limiter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hybird ion guide which combines the advantages of the conventional electrostatic ion guide and the RF ion guide, comprising an electrostatic ion guide for transmitting the injected ions and applying a voltage for the ions to be focused upon the center axis of the ion transmission direction, and an RF ion guide which is connected to the electrostatic ion guide and passes the ions focused upon the center of the axis of the ion transmission direction. From the constitution of the hybrid ion guide, ion transmission efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is apparatus and method for improving the signal by changing the voltage applied to an analyzing trap of a high resolving power Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. More specifically, after the ion activation, a voltage different from that of a trap electrode is applied to an additional electrode in the center of the trap electrode, and the voltage is maintained until the end of a detection cycle. Applying the above method, the stability of the ions confined in a trap is more increased, and therefore, the detected time domain signal is being lengthened. The lengthened time domain signal results in an increase of the frequency or an improvement of the resolving power and the sensitivity of the mass-to-charge domain signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a probe unit for nuclear magnetic resonance. The probe unit includes a cylindrical outer conductor, a cylindrical central conductor concentrically disposed in the outer conductor, a membrane assembly and fluid paths guiding the flow of fluid in the space between the central and outer conductors. By applying a RF current between the outer and central conductors, a sensing magnetic field is generated in a radial direction. Accordingly, it is possible to detect in real time and in situ, variations of characteristics as well as spatial distribution changes, of a fluid under reaction and/or passing through the fluid paths in the space between the central and outer conductors.