Abstract: On a first network element to support rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) for a plurality of virtual local area networks (VLANs) in a network, receiving a packet from a second network element in the network; identifying a VLAN associated with the packet by checking for a tag in the packet; determining whether the VLAN associated with a packet is a master VLAN or a client VLAN, wherein the master VLAN and client VLAN are in a group of VLANs with identical topologies, such that a spanning tree can be maintained for the group of VLANs that are represented by the master VLAN; deriving forwarding information from the master VLAN associated with the client VLAN, in response to determining that the VLAN is a client VLAN; and forwarding the packet according to the forwarding information derived from the master VLAN, whereby separate spanning trees for each group of VLANs serviced by the first network element are efficiently maintained.

Abstract: A method for producing a substrate including a step of thinning the thickness of the substrate is disclosed. The method is characterized in that it includes the following steps: the formation of a porous zone in an inner layer of the substrate; the progressive thinning of the thickness of the substrate towards the inner layer including a porous zone; the completion of the progressive thinning by polishing; and a controlled stoppage of polishing upon detection of the porous zone.

Abstract: A method for managing access to a confined space which is cooled by the direct injection of a cryogenic fluid, comprising at least one system for closing the confined space, which can prevent access to said confined space and can be opened/closed to a variable and controllable degree, and a data acquisition and processing device. The device can: control the open or closed state of the closure system; set and control the degree to which the closure system is open/closed; ensure that a time delay (TP) is respected every time the closure system is closed, after which time delay the injection of cryogenic fluid into the space resumes; and, at the request of a user, implement the cycle for opening the closure system. The device determines the time that has elapsed (TE) in the closed position since the last closure cycle of the closure system and compares TE to TP. If TE=TP the device immediately authorizes the opening of the closure system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for determining the CO concentration in a gas containing hydrogen, said device comprising a detection electrode (1) in contact with said gas and separated from a counter electrode (2) by an electrolyte (3; 4). In a galvanostatic mode, the fluctuations of the hydrogen oxidation potential of the detection electrode (1) are characterized by a parameter having a value used for obtaining the CO concentration by comparison to reference data.

Abstract: Methods for selecting between the two modes (states) of operation, continuous conduction and discontinuous conduction, are disclosed. Systems that are capable of selecting the operating mode and operating in the continuous conduction mode or the discontinuous conduction mode are also disclosed.

Abstract: A device for collecting light emitted by a laser source, including an optical wave guide arranged so as to collect a light signal emitted by the laser source, by coupling. The wave guide includes a loop coupled to a laser source in two coupling zones making it possible to recover optical modes circulating along the direction opposite to the required direction for the signal output from the device.

Abstract: Disclosed are cosmetic compositions containing a polypropylsilsesquioxane, a volatile solvent, boron nitride, and silica. Also disclosed are methods for making the cosmetic compositions and applying them to keratinous tissue such as skin in order to enhance its appearance.

Abstract: Dilatant enclosure systems and methods are provided. A dilatant enclosure system can include an open framework; an electronic device disposed at least partially within the open framework; and a breathable, dilatant material covering at least a portion of the open framework. A dilatant enclosure method can include at least partially covering an open framework with a breathable, dilatant fabric material. The method can further include disposing an electronic device at least partially within the open framework.

Abstract: Disclosed are cosmetic compositions containing from about 10% to about 60% of a latex, and from about 10% to about 60% of a filler; wherein the ratio of latex to filler is from about 3.5:1 about 1:1.5, and the composition is free of wax. Also disclosed are methods for making the cosmetic compositions, wherein the entire process is carried out a temperature of about 30° C. or less. Further disclosed are methods of making up or enhancing the appearance of a keratinous substance comprising applying the cosmetic composition to the keratinous substance.

Abstract: Provided are a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same. The cathode active material includes a lithium composite oxide represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. Li[LizA]O2 A={M11-x-y(M10.78Mn0.22)x}M2y??[Chemical Formula 1] In Chemical Formula, M1 and M2 are independently one or more selected from a transition element, a rare earth element, or a combination thereof, M1 and M2 are elements that are different from each other, ?0.05?z?0.1, 0.8?x+y?1.8, and 0.05?y?0.35, and Ni has an oxidation number of 2.01 to 2.4.

Abstract: An ice maker comprises a box body (1) which stores water for making ice, a rotating mechanism (3) which drives the box body (1) to rotate, a bracket (2) for supporting the box body (1) and the rotating mechanism (3), and baffles (21, 22) located above the box body (1). When water spills out due to shaking, it will be blocked and prevented by the baffles (21, 22) from spilling into the ice storage box. Moreover, the present invention further discloses a refrigerator comprising the ice maker.

Abstract: A method for encoding a video sequence of video frames. Each video frame includes a plurality of macro blocks. One video frame of the video sequence is encoded based on a first quantization parameter value for generating a first bit stream setup of encoded macro blocks (12). Transmission of a subset of the encoded macro blocks from the first bit stream is initiated (13). It is determined if the first bit stream exceeds a bit budget. If the first bit stream is determined to exceed the bit budget, a second quantization parameter value, which is larger than the first quantization parameter value, is generated. Otherwise, the second quantization parameter value, which is smaller than the first quantization parameter value, is generated. At least a part of the video frame is encoded based on the second quantization parameter value for generating a second bit stream of encoded macro blocks (15, 15a). The first bit stream and the second bit stream are then merged (17, 17a).

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of obtaining carbon dioxide from a CO2-containing gas mixture. The methods combine the benefits of gas membrane separation with cryogenic temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dispersion of polymer particles in a liquid carbon-based medium, the said particles having a flexible polymeric core and being surface-stabilized with a block stabilizing polymer comprising at least one block that is soluble in the said carbon-based medium and at least one block that is insoluble in the said carbon-based medium. The invention also relates to a cosmetic composition comprising the said dispersion, and to a cosmetic treatment process using the said composition.

Abstract: A method and an Event Tracking System (ETS) are provided for group communications. The method allows subscribing with an Event Organizing System (EOS) for updates to a group event instance comprising a group of users and an event related to the group, e.g. a hockey match. The method further allows receiving from users subscriptions to the updates of the group event instance. Responsive to subscribing with the EOS for the updates to the group event instance, the ETS receives from the EOS an update notification related to the group event instance notifying of a group event update (e.g. an update of the group membership and/or of the event), and responsive to the user subscriptions with the ETS, the later sends out an update notification message to each one of the users notifying of the group event update. In one embodiment, the update notifications sent out to users are personalised, e.g. based on the user's location or advertisement preferences.

Abstract: A set top box (50) is enabled to handle in IMS services by providing a script-based IMS application (40) run in a declarative application environment (54) of the set top box (50) to effectuate IPTV session signaling between an IMS gateway (20) and the embedded OITF system (56) of the set top box (50). As a consequence, not only set top boxes (50) preconfigured with and having installed native IMS functionality can provide IMS services to users within a home network (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to certain low-molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide derivatives of marine native exopolysaccharides (EPSs) excreted by mesophilic marine bacteria from a deep hydrothermal environment, wherein said derivatives can be obtained by means of a method which comprises a step of free radical depolymerisation of said native EPSs followed by a step of sulphating the resulting depolymerised derivatives. The present invention further relates to the use of said low-molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide derivatives as a wound-healing agent, particularly for preparing pharmaceutical compositions suitable for treating or preventing diseases of the connective tissues and particularly skin and gum tissues. The figure demonstrates how polysaccharide derivative GY 785 DRS according to the invention can stimulate fibroblast proliferation in latticed or reconstructed connective tissues at a concentration of 10 ?g (m) g/ml.

Abstract: Disclosed are cosmetic compositions containing a fatty acid, arginine, and a co-emulsifier. Also disclosed are methods for making the cosmetic composition and applying it to keratinous tissue such as skin in order to enhance its appearance.

Abstract: In a system for determining the angle of arrival of a target signal received by an array of antenna elements, a pair of receivers simultaneously obtain observations of a received target signal from multiple elements of an array of antenna elements; and a computer processes the simultaneously obtained samples of the target signal to determine a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the angle of arrival ? of the target signal by using the following equation: ?MLE=argmax?Re(?*?). The value of ? is determined in accordance with whether the target signal is known or unknown. When the target signal is unknown, the computer also processes the simultaneously obtained samples of the target signal to estimate the bandwidth of the received target signal by using binary hypotheses and a generalized log likelihood ratio test (GLLRT) or by using multiple hypotheses and pair-wise generalized log likelihood ratio tests.

Abstract: The electric power source comprises a fuel cell and at least one flow channel the inlet and outlet whereof are respectively connected to a reactive fluid source and to a tank designed to contain the reactive fluid feeding the fuel cell and the water produced by the fuel cell. An inlet valve is arranged between the reactive fluid source and the inlet of the flow channel and is controlled by a control device. Once the tank has been filled with reactive fluid, the inlet valve is closed for a predetermined first time period. It is then opened for a predetermined second time period so as to evacuate the water accumulated in the fuel cell during the first time period to the tank, and to refill the tank with reactive fluid.