Abstract: A method for operating a fuel system for an internal combustion engine operated with fuel gas. The fuel system has at least one electrically actuated shutoff valve (4) and at least one electrically operated heating device (14, 16). The operating method includes: generating a signal to turn on the heating device (14, 16) when the internal combustion engine is turned on; determining a heating demand (?reference) of the fuel system when the heating device (14, 16) is turned on; and depending on the heating demand (?reference) of the fuel system, determining a delay time between the time the heating device (14, 16) is turned on and the time the shutoff valve (4) is opened. The heating demand (?reference) can be a function of a temperature (Tengine coolant) of the engine and/or a temperature (Thydraulic fluid) independent of the engine and/or the current (Iheating) flowing through the heating device.

Abstract: A storage container (1) for cryogenic media (2), especially for liquid hydrogen, having an outside container (3), an inside container (4) and at least one extraction and fill line (6, 6?) is described. According to the invention in the storage container (1), there is at least one additional storage space (5, 5?) for a medium and at least the extraction line (6, 6?) is dynamically connected to the additional storage space (5, 5?). A shield (12) that preferably at least partially surrounds the inside container (4) can be assigned to the additional storage space (5, 5?) and can be in thermal contact with it. The additional storage space (5) can also be made in the form of a hollow chamber section and can at least partially surround the inside container (4). The invention makes it possible to greatly reduce the evaporation rate in storage containers (1) that are used to store cryogenic media (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for high-velocity flame spraying, the spray particles being accelerated in a flame jet of combustion gases. The injection of spray particles according to the invention takes place axially and centrally in the divergent section of the Laval nozzle, the powder tube (2) and the outer nozzle body (1) together forming a Laval nozzle for acceleration of the flame jet.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for heat-treatment of materials, preferably metals, are provided. The method comprises the following steps: providing and maintaining a flame by supplying a burner with fuel and gas containing at least 80 percent by volume oxygen; creating an oxygen-hot exhaust mixture by recirculating exhausts from the flame to the gas containing oxygen by means of an ejector effect; mixing the oxygen-exhaust mixture and the fuel; and providing a secondary recirculation by recirculating exhausts from the flame to the oxygen-exhaust-fuel mixture. The method and apparatus allow for extremely low NOx emissions and high efficiency, resulting in an environmentally friendly and at the same time cost effective process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an installation for implementing a method for cryogenic air separation, whereby at least one constituent of the air used is obtained as a product by means of a selected method variant. Said installation comprises at least one coldbox in which a module is arranged. The invention is characterized in that several classes are predefined, each class determining the dimensions of the coldbox pertaining thereto, and the coldbox of each class being large enough to hold the module for at least two different product quantity requirements and/or at least two different method variants. A coldbox of a certain class is selected and the module is arranged in the coldbox of said selected class.

Abstract: The invention relates to a low temperature air fractionation system comprising several modules consisting of at least one heat exchange unit, a pressure column and a low pressure column, in addition to the accessories belonging to the respective modules and at least two cold-boxes, wherein the module and/or the accessories are arranged. The invention is characterized in that at least one of the cold-boxes is embodied in the form of a main box and at least one of the cold-boxes is embodied in the form of a secondary box. The secondary box contains at least one module and the accessories of the module disposed in the secondary box are mainly located in the main box.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a filling station for filling a motor vehicle with gaseous fuel. The fuel is compressed, stored temporarily and expanded in the fuel tank of said vehicle. The fuel has a high water content. According to the invention, oil or an oil mixture is added in a dosed manner to said fuel.

Abstract: A method of gas-shielded metal arc joining using a consumable electrode having an alternating polarity (GMA-AC). A shielding gas containing helium is used to improve process stability and working speed.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for low-temperature fractionation of air in a distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation (5, 6) introduces into first feed air stream (4) into a distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation. An oxygen-rich fraction (22) from the distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation is pressurized (23) in liquid form and is added (25) to a mixing column (26). A heat transfer medium stream is introduced into the lower region of the mixing column (26) and is brought into countercurrent contact with the oxygen-rich fraction (22, 25). Gaseous top product (260) from the upper region of the mixing column (26) is introduced into an additional column (27). A liquid (38, 39, 40, 41) from the lower or middle region of the mixing column is introduced into the distillation column system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bath condenser with a condenser block (1) that has evaporation passages (8) for a liquid and liquefaction passages (2) for a heating medium. The condenser block (1) has at least two circulation sections (7) that are located on top of one another, the evaporation passages (8) each having on the lower end of a circulation section (7) at least one entry opening (9) for the liquid and on the upper end of the circulation section (7) at least one exit opening (10). Only exit openings (10) and entry openings (9) that are located on the same side (12) of the condenser block (1) are connected via means (17, 30) for routing the liquid.

Abstract: A pump system for delivering cryogenic liquids is proposed that is suitable, for example, for refueling motor vehicles with H2. It consists of a container for receiving the cryogenic liquid, in which at least one pump is arranged that is designed as a reciprocating pump with connecting rod actuation and spring recover. Pump cylinder (10) of the reciprocating pump is divided by means of plunger (24, 37) into two chambers (a and b) that are arranged on the pressure side or the induction side. By exerting tensile forces on connecting rod (29), in the pressure stroke the cryogenic liquid that is located in the container is initially trapped in chamber (b). When connecting rod (29) is returned to its starting position by return spring (23), the liquid that is trapped in chamber (b) is then hurled without pressure into chamber (a). In the subsequent pressure stroke, the liquid is finally released via a gap (d) to a pressure housing and from there to the consumer by exerting tensile forces on connecting rod (29).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and compressor module for compressing a gas stream of entry temperature t1 with the aid of hydraulically driven piston compressors in two compression stages of an entry pressure p1 from an intermediate pressure p2 after the first compression stage and from intermediate pressure p2 to an exit pressure p3 after the second compression stage, whereby the gas stream compressed to the intermediate pressure p2 is cooled back down to the entry temperature t1 before entering the second compression stage, and identical pressure ratios p3/p2=p2/p1 are used in the compression stage. According to the invention, the pressure ratios are adjusted by correspondingly adapting a hydraulic fluid stream for driving the first compression stage and a hydraulic fluid stream for driving the second compression stage with regard to the flow rate thereof with the aid of two adjustable hydraulic fluid pumps.

Abstract: Oxygen and nitrogen are produced by low-temperature separation of air in a rectification system that has a pressure column (4) and a low-pressure column (5). Charging air (1, 3) is introduced into pressure column (4). An oxygen-containing liquid fraction (8, 10) is removed from pressure column (4) and fed into low-pressure column (5). Gaseous nitrogen (17) from low-pressure column (5) is at least partially condensed in a top condenser (7) by indirect heat exchange with an evaporating cooling fluid (15). A nitrogen product stream (19) is removed from low-pressure column (5) and/or pressure column (4). An oxygen product stream (61, 62, 63) is pulled off from low-pressure column (5). The cooling fluid for top condenser (7) of low-pressure column (5) is formed by an intermediate liquid (15) that is drawn off from an intermediate point on low-pressure column (5).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for soldering electronic components to printed circuit boards or other elements to be connected by soldering, as well as suitable continuous soldering systems. The use of electronic modules, designed in the form of printed circuit boards populated with pluggable, mountable, or surface-mountable electronic components (Surface Mounted Devices, SMDs), which must be then soldered, is growing steadily. To manufacture these modules, suitably prepared printed circuit boards are populated with the corresponding components, the latter are held in place possibly with an adhesive or soldering paste in preparation for the soldering process, and finally the printed circuit boards and the components are connected together permanently and conductively by a soldering process. This soldering process is performed under low pressure and under the plasma action of a special process gas.

Abstract: A gas which contains CO.sub.2 and at least one of the valuable gases methane, hydrogen or carbon monoxide is purified by means of an absorbent solution in a scrubbing zone under a pressure of at least 5 bars. The laden absorbent solution has absorbed CO.sub.2 and at least one of the valuable gases by physical dissolution. For a recovery of the valuable gas or gases, the laden absorbent solution is pressure-relieved to an intermediate pressure in the stripping zone and is stripped in the stripping zone with a gas which predominantly consists of CO.sub.2. A gas mixture which contains a valuable gas is withdrawn from the stripping zone. The absorbent solution is pressure-relieved further in a succeeding pressure-relief zone, from which a flashed-off gas consisting predominantly of CO.sub.2 is withdrawn.

Abstract: Two absorbent solution streams which come from different gas-scrubbing zones and have absorbed carbon dioxide and at least one of the valuable gases carbon monoxide, hydrogen or methane by physical dissolution under pressures from 10 to 100 bars are treated for a recovery of the valuable gases. For that purpose the first absorbent solution stream is pressure-relieved into a first pressure-relief zone with a pressure reduction by at least 5 bars so that a high-CO.sub.2 gas is flashed off. The second absorbent solution stream is partly pressure-relieved into a second pressure-relief zone, which contains exchange-promoting elements. The flashed-off gas from the first pressure relief zone is passed upwardly through the second pressure relief zone in a countercurrent to the second absorbent solution stream. A gas mixture containing CO.sub.2 and at least one valuable gas is withdrawn at the top of the second pressure relief zone.

Abstract: Flashing waste along a rubber or synthetic resin molded article is removed by initially subjecting the article to contact with a cryogenic coolant to embrittle the flashing and then directing the jet of a cryogenic coolant against the article, preferably at the base of the flashing so that the embrittled waste is broken away.

Abstract: A process for regulating the NH.sub.3 content in an organic liquid that acts as a physical scrubbing agent and is used in a procedure for absorbing sour gases from gaseous mixtures. To ensure undisturbed and reliable carrying out of the scrubbing process, an ammonia-precipitating precipitant is added to the scrubbing agent and the precipitate is then separated from the scrubbing agent. Preferred precipitants include sulphuric acid and phosphuric acid. The ammonia salts are effective fertilizers.

Abstract: A method of recovering at least two product fractions each highly enriched in a respective component of a gas mixture containing at least such components are recovered by separating a stream of the mixture into at least two partial streams and passing this stream separately through respective beds of respective adsorbents and selectively retaining at least one component from each mixture so that the respective product fractions emerge from the adsorbents highly enriched in respective components of this mixture, each adsorbent for a particular one of the fractions has a composition that retains at least one component in which the other fractions is enriched.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for carrying out exothermic reactions in suspensions containing catalyst particles as well as a reaction participant and wherein the suspension is pumped to the reaction pressure and thereby fed to the reaction vessel. According to the invention, the suspension is preheated, before entering the reaction zone in the same pressurized vessel by direct heat exchange with reaction products from the reaction zone before the suspension is passed into the latter.