Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for processing high molecular weight oligomer waste products formed during the production of linear alpha-olefins by oligomerization of ethylene in a reactor in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst, characterized in that the high molecular weight oligomers are separated in a separation unit from a product stream of the reactor comprising the solvent, the catalyst, linear alpha-olefins and high molecular weight oligomers having a solidification temperature in the range of about 60-100° C., then diluted with a dilution medium and heated to about 130° C. to about 200° C., the diluted high molecular weight oligomers are then transferred to a disposal device, wherein at least some of the dilution medium may be recovered and recycled for addition to the dilution medium.

Abstract: Methods for arc welding unalloyed or low-alloy steels with consumable electrode under protective gas are suggested, in which the protective gas is a mixture comprising at least helium and an active gas as well as a further inert gas. In the general case, the proportion of the active gas in the total volume of the protective gas is to be in the range from more than 0.5% to approximately 1,5% and the proportion of helium in the total volume of the protective gas is to be more than 30%. In case an electrode having a lowered or medium Si content of approximately 0.2% to approximately 0.4% is used, the proportion of the active gas in the total volume of the protective gas is to be approximately 1% to approximately 5%. If an electrode with a low Si content of approximately 0.05% to approximately 0.1% is used, the proportion of the active gas in the total volume of the protective gas is to be approximately 3% to approximately 10%.

Abstract: Methods for easing the duration of pain experienced by patients during a cluster headache are disclosed including providing a high-pressure source of substantially pure oxygen, applying the oxygen to the patient so that inhalation by the patient is substantially limited to inhalation of the substantially pure oxygen, inhaling the substantially pure oxygen in order to cause hyperventilation by the patient, and continuing hyperventilation at least until the patient achieves respiratory alkalosis, hypocapnia hyperoxia, and until the pain is terminated. The method preferably includes using a demand valve having a predetermined manual purge flow rate and a variable output flow rate to the user based on respiratory demand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the deactivation of an organometallic catalyst in the product stream from an oligomerization reactor for the production of linear alpha-olefin, characterized in that the catalyst-containing product stream of the reactor is subjected to a temperature of at least 160° C. in a heating device. A reactor system for the method of the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of heat treating stainless steel in the form of blanks, piping, tubing, strip, or wire-like material, after rolling the material, and in a heat treatment furnace at a temperature higher than about 900° C. The material is subjected to a preheating stage and a final heating stage, wherein in the preheating stage flames from burners are directed toward the surface of the material to impinge on the surface. Burners situated in the preheating stage are supplied with a fuel that burns with the aid of an oxidizing gas that contains gaseous oxygen. The material is held in the preheating stage long enough to obtain at least some degree of oxidation on the surface of the material, and the material is heated further in a following, final heating stage by burners situated in a furnace and that are supplied with a fuel and an oxidizing gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bubble column reactor comprising a column reactor having a sparger plate dividing the column reactor into a top reaction compartment and a bottom compartment, characterized in that an inlet and outlet line for introducing and disposing a flushing medium are connected to the bottom compartment; and an operation method thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing linear alpha-olefins by oligomerizing of ethylene in the presence of an organic solvent and a homogenous catalyst, characterized in that the method is carried out in a reactor being fed with a gaseous feed comprising a minor amount of ethylene and a major amount of an inert gas.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for generating at least two types of steam having different purities in steam reforming processes in which at least two steam reforming units (steam reformers) (are operated in parallel. The first steam stream having a higher purity than that of the second steam stream. The steam reformers operated in parallel are combined to form groups of at least two steam reformers (groups) within which the high purity steam is generated in one of the steam reformers by vaporization of degassed and demineralized water and low purity steam is generated in at least one of the other steam reformers by vaporization of degassed impurity-containing water (dirty water). The dirty water is formed at least in part from the condensate (process condensate) produced within a group, and is predominantly made up of water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a homogeneous catalyst for the production of linear alpha-olefins by oligomerisation of ethylene, consisting of a zirconium salt of organic acids and a cocatalyst which consists of alkylaluminiums and/or aluminium chloride. The activity of the catalyst, system may sometimes be raised substantially by adjusting the molar ratio of chlorine to aluminium in the cocatalyst within the range between 1.0 and 1.5. The economic viability of the production process and product purity are improved.

Abstract: In low-temperature air fractionation, feed air (8) is cooled in a main heat exchanger (9) and introduced into a distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation (11, 43), which system has at least one single column (12). At least one nitrogen-enriched or oxygen-enriched product stream (15, 16, 17; 53; 51, 56, 57; 19, 60) is withdrawn from the distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation and warmed in the main heat exchanger (9). A fluid from an external source is passed at least at times into a liquid tank (70). At least at times fluid (71) is withdrawn in the liquid state from the liquid tank (70), vaporized in the main heat exchanger (9) and is obtained as gaseous additional product (72, 73).

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a process for simultaneous or sequential separation of a mixture resulting from an alkoxylation reaction of a) at least one C4-C18 alcohol with b) at least one epoxide, comprising bringing said mixture into contact with pressurized CO2 having a concentration of at least 90% by weight, and collecting at least two fractions which differ in the average number of alkoxy units which are attached to said alcohol(s), at least a part of at least one but not all of said at least two fractions being recycled as raw material for the alkoxylation.

Abstract: A method of liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich gas, wherein the gas flows through a cascade of three refrigeration stages, each stage comprising a refrigerant circuit and a compressor, wherein at least part of the flow of refrigerant from the second circuit is used for the pre-cooling of the hydrocarbon rich gas in the first refrigeration stage. This balances the load on each of the compressors. By standardizing the drive units and compressors of the three coolant circuits, it is possible to maximize the attainable liquefaction capacity of the liquefaction process using tried-and-trusted drive units and compressors respectively. This method can be applied to mixed refrigerant cascades and circuits with a carbon dioxide pre-cooling circuit. This latter option has benefits for offshore use where large amounts of hydrocarbons are undesirable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the radiation curing of surfaces of workpieces, wherein the workpieces are held in a multiplicity of hermetically sealable and at least partly radiation-transparent holding fixtures and are fed consecutively in a cycle to an irradiation device (26), wherein the holding fixtures with the workpieces contained therein are purged with inert gas, and before irradiation or in an irradiation station inert gas is fed into a holding fixture and the holding fixture is purged with the inert gas and the gas displaced by purging is fed to a holding fixture at a previous stage of the operating cycle, for purging of the same, and an apparatus for implementation of the method.

Abstract: A method for recovery of metals or metal compounds from metal-bearing solid particles comprising volatile compounds comprises supplying the solid particles (50) through a flame (25) of a burner (20). The volatile compounds are then evaporated by means of heat from the flame (25) without melting the solid particles, thereby providing a raw material product (34). The raw material product (34) is then recovered. By feeding the solid particles directly to the flame, a compact and efficient plant is provided. The melting process can be controlled in a satisfying way, avoiding melting of the metal-bearing solid particles supplied through the burner. The use of a burner is also described.

Abstract: For producing photocatalytically active polymer surfaces, a method is indicated by which particles of the photocatalytically active oxidic material are accelerated by a carrier gas, when impacting on the polymer surface, partially penetrate into the polymer and, as a result of their high kinetic energy, form a mechanically firmly adhering polymer/oxide bond.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adsorber station with a first adsorber (A) and a second adsorber (B). A first closed loop pipeline (1) is connected to the adsorbers (A, B) and is provided with product gas feed line valves (4A, 4B) and regeneration gas discharge line valves (6A, 6B). A second closed loop pipeline (2) that is connected to the adsorbers (A, B) has product gas discharge line valves (7A, 7B) and regeneration gas feed line valves (8A, 8B).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaning objects in a cleaning vessel using liquid carbon dioxide, wherein the cleaning vessel is at least partly filled with liquid carbon dioxide. Prior to and/or during the cleaning operation the pressure within said cleaning vessel is raised to a value above the corresponding vapour pressure. A gas other than carbon dioxide is introduced into said cleaning vessel and at least a portion of the cleaning operation is performed after the introduction of said gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bath condenser with a condenser block (1) that has evaporation passages (8) for a liquid and liquefaction passages (2) for a heating medium and at least two circulation sections (7) that are located vertically on top of one another. The evaporation passages (8) each have on the lower end of a circulation section (7) at least one entry opening (9) for the liquid and on the upper end of a circulation section (7) at least one exit opening (10), for each circulation section (7) there being a liquid storage tank (15) that is flow-connected to the entry opening (9) and the exit opening (10) of the circulation section (7) and that has a gas offtake (18). The inlet into the gas offtake (18) is not located in the area in front of the side (12) of the circulation section (7) in which the exit opening (10) of the circulation section (7) is located.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the low-temperature fractionation of air in a rectification unit, which comprises a pressure column (1) a low-pressure column (2) and a condenser-evaporator system having at least two falling-film evaporators (203, 204). Oxygen-rich liquid from the low-pressure column (2) is introduced into the evaporation passages of the first and second falling-film evaporators (203, 204) and is partially evaporated. Unevaporated oxygen-rich liquid from the first falling-film evaporator (203) is transferred into the evaporation passages of the second falling-film evaporator (204).

Abstract: Described is a process and a device for liquefying hydrogen, whereby the hydrogen to be liquefied is liquefied against one or more refrigerant (mixture) circuits and/or by means of expansion and is guided over at least one ortho-para conversion catalyst. According to the invention, the ortho-para conversion catalyst or at least one of the ortho-para conversion catalysts (K) can be bypassed. Furthermore, during the liquefaction process an exchange (7, 8) can take place between the hydrogen fraction (3), flowing (2, 4) through the ortho-para conversion catalyst(s) (K), and the hydrogen fraction (3), not flowing through the ortho-para conversion catalyst(s) (K).