Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the deactivation of an organometallic catalyst in the product stream from an oligomerization reactor for the production of linear alpha-olefin, characterized in that the catalyst-containing product stream of the reactor is subjected to a temperature of at least 160° C. in a heating device. A reactor system for the method of the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for oligomerization of ethylene, comprising a functionalized solid support; a ligand immobilized on the solid support by chemical bonding, wherein the immobilized ligand has the structure (R1)(R2)P—N(R3)—P(R4)—Y-support or (R1)(R2)P—N(R3)—P(R4)—N(R5)—P(R6)—Y-support, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from aliphatic group, aryl group, amino group and trimethylsilyl group and Y is the functional group of the support or a derivative thereof; and a chromium compound reacted with the ligand; and to a method for its preparation and a process for oligomerization of ethylene utilizing the catalyst.

Abstract: Methods for easing the duration of pain experienced by patients during a cluster headache are disclosed including providing a high-pressure source of substantially pure oxygen, applying the oxygen to the patient so that inhalation by the patient is substantially limited to inhalation of the substantially pure oxygen, inhaling the substantially pure oxygen in order to cause hyperventilation by the patient, and continuing hyperventilation at least until the patient achieves respiratory alkalosis, hypocapnia hyperoxia, and until the pain is terminated. The method preferably includes using a demand valve having a predetermined manual purge flow rate and a variable output flow rate to the user based on respiratory demand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for oligomerization or polymerization of ethylene and/or alpha-olefins utilizing reactor equipment and other equipment wherein starting material comprising monomer(s), catalyst, cocatalyst and solvent is transferred to the reactor equipment via first piping, and product material comprising oligomer and/or polymer, non-reacted monomer(s), catalyst, cocatalyst and solvent is discharged from the reactor equipment via second piping, characterized in that the first piping, second piping, reactor equipment and/or other equipment are flushed with a product fraction obtained by said or a respective previous method prior to and/or after that oligomerization or polymerization method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bubble column reactor comprising a column reactor having a sparger plate dividing the column reactor into a top reaction compartment and a bottom compartment, characterized in that an inlet and outlet line for introducing and disposing a flushing medium are connected to the bottom compartment; and an operation method thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process as well as a device for removal of exhaust gas (7) that contains oxidizable pollutants. The exhaust gas (7) that contains oxidizable pollutants is introduced at a suitable location (a) into a flue gas system (K) that corresponds to a process oven (D) and is mixed with hot, oxygen-containing flue gas that flows through the flue gas system, whereby the exhaust gas (7) that contains oxidizable pollutants is heated to a temperature of at least 600° C.

Abstract: A process is proposed for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction (A), especially natural gas, by a) liquefying the hydrocarbon-rich fraction (A) against the coolant mixture of a cooling circuit, b) compressing the coolant mixture in at least two stages (C1, C2), c) partially condensing (E1) the compressed coolant mixture (2) at least downstream of the penultimate compressor stage (C1), d) compressing (C2) the lower-boiling gas fraction (2?) obtained to the final pressure, e) while cooling (E) the first higher-boiling liquid fraction (3) obtained, expanding it (a) to perform cooling and vaporizing it (E) against the hydrocarbon-rich fraction (A) to be cooled, f) partially condensing (E2) the coolant mixture fraction (4) compressed to the final pressure and separating the first lower-boiling gas fraction (5) obtained, after partial condensation (E), into a second lower-boiling gas fraction (7) and a second higher-boiling liquid fraction (6), and g) liquefying and subcooling (E) the second lower-boiling gas fra

Abstract: A process is described for separating off a nitrogen-rich fraction from a feed fraction containing essentially nitrogen and hydrocarbons, wherein the feed fraction is separated by rectification into a nitrogen-rich fraction and a methane-rich fraction, the methane-rich fraction, for the purpose of cold generation at a pressure as high as possible, is vaporized against the feed fraction which is to be cooled and superheated and the nitrogen-rich fraction is compressed at least occasionally and/or at least in part and is fed to the rectification as reflux stream. According to the invention at least occasionally at least a substream (16) of the compressed (C) nitrogen-rich fraction (9?) is expanded (f) after condensation (E1) thereof and, for the purpose of cold generation, is at least in part, preferably completely, vaporized (E1).

Abstract: Method for combustion of a fuel uses an existing air burner (1), including a first supply opening (5) for fuel and a second supply opening (7) for air, which supply openings (5, 7) open out into a combustion zone (3). The method is characterised in that a gaseous fuel with an LHV (Lower Heating Value) of less than 7.5 MJ/Nm3 is supplied through the second supply opening (7), in that an oxidant including at least 85 percent by weight oxygen is also supplied to the combustion zone (3) through a supply device for oxidant, and in that the gaseous fuel is caused to be combusted with the oxidant in the combustion zone (3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a reactor system for preparing linear alpha-olefins by oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of an organic solvent and an oligomerization catalyst, wherein a product fraction of C10+ alpha-olefins contaminated with aromatic C9+ compounds is separated from a product main stream and transferred into a conversion reactor, where C10+ alpha-olefins and aromatic C9+ components are reacted in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts alkylation catalyst to produce aromatic C19+ compounds.

Abstract: For regenerating the loaded washing (scrubbing) agent (6, 7) from a physical gas wash (T1), in which one or more gas components are removed, to a large extent selectively, from a gas mixture (1) to be purified at least in a first of at least two successive washing steps, the loaded washing agent (7) withdrawn from the first washing step is, independently of the remaining quantity of loaded washing agent (6), subjected to a regeneration step (T2a) for separating the gas components (11) which have been selectively removed from the raw gas in the first washing step.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for producing a plate heat exchanger 1. Wavy profiled sheets 9 and separating sheets 10, together with sidebars 11, are stacked one above the other, provided with solder and soldered together in such a way that a block 2 is obtained. The block is closed off outwardly by means of the cover sheets 12. The contours of the intermediate pieces 3 are milled out at the respective positions 4 on the block 2 thus obtained. In a refinement of the invention, frames are used as intermediate pieces 3. The frames 3 are positioned in the milled-out portions at the positions 4, provided with solder and tacked on by means of spot welding. Subsequently, in a second step, the frames 3 are soldered onto the heat exchanger block 2. The headers 5a and 5b are in each case welded onto the frames 3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the radiation curing of surfaces of workpieces, wherein the workpieces are held in a multiplicity of hermetically sealable and at least partly radiation-transparent holding fixtures and are fed consecutively in a cycle to an irradiation device (26), wherein the holding fixtures with the workpieces contained therein are purged with inert gas, and before irradiation or in an irradiation station inert gas is fed into a holding fixture and the holding fixture is purged with the inert gas and the gas displaced by purging is fed to a holding fixture at a previous stage of the operating cycle, for purging of the same, and an apparatus for implementation of the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of operating a converter, in particular a Peirce-Smith converter or a converter with similar design or mode of operation, and to an apparatus, for instance a plant, for carrying out the method. The method comprises the step of: loading the converter with a starting material comprising said metal, the metal in the starting material being chemically bound at least in part to at least one compound substance, in particular sulphur; maintaining a temperature within the converter interior space, which is above the melting temperature of the starting material; and supplying an oxygen-containing process gas into the converter interior space through injection nozzles arranged in the wall of the converter, the gas supplied through the injection nozzles comprising carbon dioxide, preferably very cold, technically pure carbon dioxide, as well as oxygen gas and/or air.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for oligomerization/polymerization of ethylene and/or alpha-olefins, comprising the steps of oligomerizing/polymerizing ethylene and/or alpha-olefins to produce a reaction product which contains undesired reaction by-products, separating the reaction by-product from the reaction product as one or more reaction by-product fractions, and subjecting at least one of the reaction by-product fractions to steam cracking to produce a steam cracking product which comprises ethylene, which may be optionally purified and feed to the oligomerization/polymerization of ethylene and/or alpha olefins step.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich, nitrogen-containing feed fraction, preferably natural gas, wherein: a) the feed fraction (1) is liquefied (E1, E2), b) is separated by rectification (T1) into a nitrogen-enriched fraction (9), the methane content of which is a max. of 1% by volume, and a hydrocarbon-rich, nitrogen-depleted fraction (4), c) the hydrocarbon-rich, nitrogen-depleted fraction (4) is subcooled (E3) and expanded (b), d) the expanded hydrocarbon-rich, nitrogen-depleted fraction (5) is separated (D1) into a hydrocarbon-rich fraction (6), the nitrogen content of which is a max. of 1% by volume, and a nitrogen-rich fraction (7), and e) the nitrogen-rich fraction (7) is added to the feed fraction (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating off C2+-hydrocarbons from a feed fraction containing essentially nitrogen and hydrocarbons, wherein a) the feed fraction (1, 20) is partially condensed (E1, E1?, E3) and separated by rectification (T) into a C2+-hydrocarbon-rich fraction (11) and a C2+-hydrocarbon-depleted fraction (2), b) the C2+-hydrocarbon-depleted fraction (2) is partially condensed (E2) and separated into a liquid fraction which forms at least in part the reflux (3) for the separation by rectification (T), and a C2+-hydrocarbon-depleted gas fraction (4), and c) the C2+-hydrocarbon-depleted gas fraction (4) is separated in a double-column process (N) into a nitrogen-rich fraction (8?) and a methane-rich fraction (7?). According to the invention, the liquid fraction obtained in process step b) is fed (10) at least in part likewise to the double-column process (N) and separated therein into a nitrogen-rich fraction (8?) and a methane-rich fraction (7?).

Abstract: A cold rolled strip (3) of aluminum is continuously transported along a transport path where a ramp of Direct Flame Impingement (DFI) burners (1) are located, for heating the strip. The ramp (1) is located perpendicular, or substantially perpendicular, to the direction of movement of the strip (3), the DFI burners (1) are mutually located such that the whole width of the strip (3) is heated to the same, or substantially the same, temperature. The velocity of the strip (3) passing the ramp and the heating power of the burners (1) are adapted to heat treat the strip (3) such that annealing of the strip is carried out and the heat treated strip is wound to a coil (5).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing products by chilling or freezing includes a conveyor for conveying the products along a plane of travel; lifting means disposed for intermittent contact with the conveyor during processing; cam means rotatable for contacting and displacing the lifting means to contact and displace the conveyor from the plane of travel, thereby displacing the products on the conveyor to prevent the products from adhering to the conveyor and other of the products; and drive means operatively associated with the cam means to impart rotational movement to the cam means for intermittently contacting and displacing the lifting means.

Abstract: The process and the apparatus in accordance with the invention relate to cryogenic separation of air in a distillation column system that has at least one single column (12). A compressed feed air stream (6, 8) is cooled in a main heat exchanger (9) in counter-current flow to a first return stream (16, 23) from the distillation column system. Cooled feed air stream (11) is fed into the distillation column system. A nitrogen-rich fraction (15) is produced in the upper region of the single column (12). At least part (16b) of the nitrogen-rich fraction (15) is condensed in a top condenser (13), which is constructed as a condenser-evaporator. At least part (54) of the liquid nitrogen-rich fraction (52) produced in the top condenser (13) is fed into the single column (12) as reflux. An oxygen-containing recycle fraction (18a) is drawn off from the single column (12) in liquid form. The liquid recycle fraction (18a) is cooled in a counter-current subcooler (100).