Abstract: A system for reducing multipath interference in a wireless data transmission generally includes a processor and memory device for capturing one or more data packets of the wireless data transmission. The transmitting device associates a time value and/or a spatial value to each of the data packets. Upon capture, the processor determines whether the captured data packet is reflective or non-reflective by comparing the time value or spatial value, as applicable, of the captured data packet to the time value or spatial value of each stored non-reflective packet. The system identifies the captured data packet as non-reflective, if the time value (or spatial value) of the captured packet is different from the time value (or spatial value) of each stored non-reflective packet.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a variable delay line with continuous tuning comprises an optical path providing at least one continuous delay element coupled to a series of switchable binary fixed delays. The series of switchable delays can be configured to select a delay among a plurality of incremental delays, and the continuous delay can set a continuous delay in a range encompassing the delay increment of the binary series. In a preferred embodiment, the variable delay element comprises a tunable all pass filter (APF) with delay tunable from essentially 0 to a time T and the switchable binary fixed delays form a series (0,T), (0, 2T), (0, 4T), . . . , [0, (2n+1)], where n is an integer ?0. The switches are preferably Mach-Zehnder switches. In an alternative embodiment, the continuous delay element comprises a suitable pair of APF arms. The path and all components can be fabricated as an integrated planar waveguide (solid state) device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for coupling a multimode laser to a multimode fiber using a multimode tapered structure. The disclosed multimode tapered structure accepts an optical beam having a highly elliptical beam shape and converts the optical beam for acceptance by the circular multimode optical fiber. According to one aspect of the invention, the multimode tapered structure has a tapered form having an elliptical cross section at one end to match the rectangular laser aperture, and a circular cross section at the other end to match the fiber core. The disclosed multimode tapered structure is tapered from a smaller dimension at the input end that matches the dimension of the multimode light source to a larger dimension at the output end that matches the circular core of the multimode fiber. Depending on the selection of the numerical aperture and the length of the multimode tapered structure, coupling efficiencies up to 98 percent may be achieved with the present invention.

Abstract: An arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with improved transmission efficiency includes an input P×M star coupler, an output M×Q star coupler, and M waveguides of unequal length connecting the input and output star couplers. A novel method used to determine the optimum position of the ports ensures that the maximum frequency deviation between the signal frequency and the center of the corresponding transmission passband is minimal for all possible connections among input and output ports.

Abstract: In a data packet, e.g. a PDU of the UMTS, a length indicator field of variable granularity is created, depending on the exact length of the payload to be transmitted. An additional field is provided, a single bit in length, to indicate the granularity of the length indicator field. This increases the resolution of the header, whilst keeping low an overhead of extra field bits. The method comprises: assessing the length of the data to determine the appropriate units, from a plurality of possible units, in which the length should be expressed; setting the granularity field to define the appropriate units in which the length of the data is to be indicated; and setting the length indicator field to indicate the data length.

Abstract: Fibers having an electrically conductive outer surface and having an average diameter of less than about 5 millimeters; and a dielectric polymeric layer comprising a polymer having a main polymer chain on the outer surface, the dielectric polymeric layer having a thickness of less than about 50 microns, the main polymer chain comprising carbon. Fiber transistors having an on/off ratio of at least about 10. Techniques for making fibers and fiber transistors.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for channel prediction in wireless networks. A base station receives a succession of channel indicators from each of a plurality of mobile units, each channel indicator being received from each mobile unit once per timeslot. A channel predictor uses the channel indicators to generate a channel condition prediction for each mobile unit, the channel condition prediction being based on a balanced estimate using the most recent channel condition indicator and the mean of the succession of channel indicators. A weight is computed based on a gradient of the succession channel indicator values and used to assign relative emphasis to the most recent channel condition indicator and the mean channel condition indicator in order to give greater emphasis to the most recent indicator during slowly changing conditions and greater emphasis to the mean indicator during rapidly changing conditions.

Abstract: A system for effecting recovery of a network involving a plurality of computing apparatuses with each respective computing apparatus hosting at least one respective service, includes: (a) at least one control unit substantially embodied in hardware and coupled with each computing apparatus; and (b) at least one control program substantially embodied in software and distributed among at least one of the computing apparatuses. The system responds to a computing apparatus becoming inoperative by effecting a recovery operation. The recovery operation includes distributing the services hosted by the inoperative computing apparatus as distributed services among operating computing apparatuses and returning the distributed services to the inoperative computing apparatus after the inoperative computing apparatus becomes operative. The at least one control unit and the at least one control program cooperate to effect the recovery operation.

Abstract: Disclosed are network management procedures that apply measurements of traffic load to achieve greater efficiency in the operation of the network. In a method for deciding whether to route an incoming call on a selected potential service route, the potential service route is treated preferentially if each of its links has available capacity that is more than sufficient by a specified margin. In a method for computing billing revenues, the non-compliance of the network service provider with contracted requirements for carried load causes a revenue penalty to be exacted for lost bandwidth.

Abstract: The encoding system includes a feed unit receiving data and producing N data streams, where N is at least two. Each of N encoders receives a respective one of the N data streams and produces an encoded data stream. A multiple input multiple output (MIMO) encoder receives the N encoded data streams and encodes the N encoded data streams into M output data stream for transmission by M transmit antennas, where M is at least two. In the decoding system, a MIMO decoder receives T data streams from T receive antennas and decodes the T data streams into the N encoded data streams. Each of N decoders receives a respective one of the N encoded data streams from the MIMO decoder and produces N decoded data streams. A combiner combines the N decoded data streams into an output data stream.

Abstract: A communication system includes User Equipment (111), Radio Access Network (RAN) (121), a packet-switched domain (131), an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) (141), a circuit-switched domain (151), a Domain Name System (DNS) (165), a Charging Gateway Function (CGF) (134), an EIR (135), a Transport Signaling Gateway (T-SGW) (146), and a Roaming Signaling Gateway (R-SGW) (147). The CS domain (151) includes an interworking Mobile Switching Center (iMSC) (201). The iMSC (201) translates the CS domain registration, call control, feature control, and feature invocation procedures associated with the access technology to standard SIP procedures. The media gateway (MGW) (173) under the control of the iMSC (201) converts the air interface media flow into a packet stream that is managed by SIP procedures within the IMS (141). The iMSC (201) thereby allows for interworking between circuit-switched and packet-switched domains for provision of services to subscribers.

Abstract: A method of recovering transmitted symbols in a receiver of a spread spectrum system, comprising: receiving a signal including multi-path components associated with transmitted symbols; de-spreading successive separate portions of the received signal to provide a symbol estimate based on each multipath component, wherein the de-spreading step comprises determining at least one partial estimate of at least one transmitted symbol for an at least one partial multi-path component contained in a separate portion; and summing the partial estimates of separate portions corresponding to a same transmitted symbol.

Abstract: A universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) receiver uses Pilot Symbol Assisted Modulation (PSAM) in demodulating a received Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) signal. The UMTS receiver uses a ratio of the transmitted energy per pilot symbol to the transmitted energy per data symbol as an index into a look-up table to return a value for a scale factor for use in demodulation of the received signal, which provides better performance during periods when the fading distribution is unknown.

Abstract: The present invention is a novel and improved method for monitoring the real time loading condition in a CDMA wireless communication system. The level of the power control signal is obtained by monitoring, in real time, at the base station the forward link CDMA channel, comparing this measurement to the previously obtained level, and displaying the level of the power control signal as a line which can consist of two parts. The first part can be a solid line the length of which represents the level of the power control signal in real time and the second part can be a dotted line whose length increases slowly and decreases rapidly to indicate that the level of the power control signal is rising. Conversely, a rapid increase and a slow decrease of the length of the dotted line indicates that the level of the power control signal is falling. Color coding can be used to indicate that the level of the power control signal is at or outside an optimum operating range.

Abstract: A method of providing an efficient channel structure for a communication system that uses codes to define its communication channels. Available codes form a code space that is equally divided into M tiers based on load conditions; M is an integer equal to 1 or greater. Information is scheduled to be transmitted during a particular time slot and is assigned to a particular tier. The information is transmitted during the scheduled time slot using all of the codes of the assigned tier.

Abstract: A method of detecting the format of received information by measuring the time period during which information being received have a power that is at or above a defined threshold. The measured time period and the information rate of the received information are then used to determine an estimate information size value of the received information. The estimated information size value is then applied to an algorithm that determines the format of the received information. Therefore, the format of received information can be detected without the use of TFCI information.

Abstract: In a system having a base station transmitter for transmitting data blocks to one or more mobile stations over a radio link, there is a method for determining an uplink transmit power level at which to transmit a current data block over a radio link from the mobile to the base transmitter station. The method evaluates airlink quality measurements in the radio link over a measurement interval, wherein each time a message is sent to the mobile station, it is evaluated whether a specified number of uplink blocks have transmitted by the mobile station since the start of the measurement interval. Based on the evaluated airlink quality measurement, the method determines the uplink transmit power level that the mobile should be using for the current block, and adjusts the transmit power level, if necessary, for the current block.

Abstract: An all-optical linear feedback circuit for use, for example, as a maximal length pseudo random bit sequence generator includes an all-optical logic circuit that is capable of generating 2N?1 bit maximal length pseudo random bit sequences on an optical channel at high data rates e.g. 80 Gbit/s. In the pseudo random bit sequence generator of the present invention, intensity-dependent phase modulation of at least one included semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is implemented. The maximum data rate is limited by the fast gain recovery time of the carriers in the SOA. An optical logic gate of the pseudo random bit sequence generator of the present invention may be constructed using various nonlinear elements that provide ultra-fast intensity-dependent phase modulation.

Abstract: A system and method selectively establishes data communications, such as XDSL services, between data devices and a network switch. Status of the data devices are monitored and active data devices are connected to a data branch for data communications. Data devices which are inactive may remain connected to the data branch, if available, or may be switched to a pilot branch. While disconnected from the pilot branch, the system may detect a signal from the data device indicating that the device is going active. If pilot signals are being used, the pilot signals between a data device and the network switch are monitored to determine when the data device is going active. Once detected, the data device is connected to the data branch. Alternately, if pilot signals are not being used, the system monitors the connection with the data device for any signals, such as a wake-up signal, which indicates that the data device is going active.

Abstract: A method for allowing a mobile of a wireless communication simultaneous access to multiple data networks coupled to the wireless communication network. A network interface is created between network controlling elements, such as Base Station Controllers, of the wireless communication network. The network interface allows various communication channels established by the mobile to be routed to network controlling elements that are coupled to the various data networks. Information from various established communication channels are routed between various network controlling elements. Thus, a mobile is able to communicate simultaneously with different data networks. The network interface also allows handoffs to be executed with virtually no interruptions and no loss of information being exchanged between the mobile and system equipment involved in the handoff.