Abstract: There is disclosed a flip-chip-type method of assembling semiconductor devices. A one-step encapsulation process promotes adhesion of the die to the lead fingers and prevents the potential of shorts developing between the adjacent bumps or lead fingers. Conventional mold compound is used to reduce localized stress caused by coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the die and substrate, or the lead frame.

Abstract: A method, system, and apparatus enables interfering signals in a communications system to be efficiently identified using correlation calculations. Once identified, the interfering signals may be rejected and removed from further processing in a receiver. The number of mathematical operations required to determine correlates of multiple training sequences to received sequences (e.g., at multiple offsets) may be reduced by up to eighty percent (80%) in a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) implementation. In accordance with certain embodiments, a correlation equation is manipulated, for example, to eliminate certain products by ensuring that they equate to zero, to eliminate redundant calculations by recognizing repeated subsequences, to eliminate common subexpressions, to determine a negative of a correlation result, etc. The manipulated correlation equation is then utilized within a receiver.

Abstract: Energy is generated by an apparatus and process which utilize magnetic forces to move a rotor in a circular direction to turn a rotor shaft. This apparatus and process convert magnetic energy into mechanical force or electrical energy.

Abstract: In a radio access network (RAN) where information may be sent to a mobile radio unit using a shared radio channel shared by other mobile radio units, a first transport bearer is established between a first RAN node, e.g., a drift RNC, and a second RAN node, e.g., a base station, to transport data to be transmitted on the shared radio channel. A second transport bearer is established between the first and second RAN nodes to transport control information originated in the first RAN node that relates to the first transport bearer data. The first RAN node then transmits the control information over the second transport bearer to the second RAIN node. The control information might include, for example, scheduling information known to the first RAN node because the first RAN node supervises scheduling of data to be transmitted on the shared radio channel. The control information may provide to the mobile radio unit information needed to decode the data transmitted on the shared radio channel.

Abstract: An optical coupling comprising: (a) a housing having first and second ends and having an optical axis, the first end having a first cavity for receiving an optical component, the second end having a second cavity for receiving a single mode fiber along the optical axis; and (b) a section of a multimode fiber disposed within the housing and along the optical axis between the first and second cavities, the multimode fiber having a first fiber end and a second fiber end, the first fiber end interfacing with air, the second fiber end being polished to optically couple with the single mode fiber through physical contact.

Abstract: A process for preparing an electronic package comprising: (a) providing a ceramic housing defining an internal cavity for receiving a micro device and having one or more interface portions; (b) treating the housing to form a tungsten layer on the interface portions; and (c) overlaying a palladium layer on the tungsten layer.

Abstract: An improved proton exchange membrane fuel cell assembly and fuel cell stack assembly are provided for the economical and efficient production of electricity. The present invention comprises improved flow fields and reactant supply systems, which provide improved and more efficient mass transport of the reactants in the fuel cell and the fuel cell stack assembly. The improved flow fields comprise three-dimensional open-cell foamed metals that are preferably plated with gold. The improved reactant supply system comprises an improved distribution frame to house fuel cells wherein the reactants are directly connected to the improved flow fields.

Abstract: A method and system for electronically recording and authorizing a transaction utilizes an electronic reading device for generating an electronic reproduction of written information by detecting positions of the electronic reading device relative to a particular address pattern in a data entry field of a formatted surface. The electronic reproduction of the written information is sent to a server that stores or processes the electronic reproduction. For example, the server can determine whether the electronic reading device is authorized to use the particular address pattern or whether the electronic reproduction correlates with stored data. In addition, to enable the electronic reading device, detection of a correct user personal identification number (PIN) or user fingerprint may be required.

Abstract: A transition for transmitting a mm-wave signal from one plane to another, the transition comprising: (a) first and second transmission lines on parallel planes; (b) a third transmission line orthogonal to the first and second transmission lines, wherein either the first and second transmission lines are suitable for transmitting a TEM mode signal and the third transmission line is suitable for transmitting a waveguide mode signal, or the third transmission line is suitable for transmitting a TEM mode signal and the first and second transmission lines are suitable for transmitting a waveguide mode signal; and (c) first and second transducers, the first transducer coupled between the first and third transmission lines, the second transducer coupled between the second and third transmission lines, each of the transducers suitable for converting a TEM mode signal to a waveguide mode signal.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for instantly manufacturing a batch of customized pharmaceutical dosages are provided. A batch of customized pharmaceutical dosages is manufactured as per the requirements of an individual, which may depend on age, gender, health, lifestyle, disease, habits, etc. The ingredients or components of the customized pharmaceutical dosages are selected as per the requirement of the individual. These ingredients or components are mixed/blended to form a homogenous mixture. The requisite quantities of the homogenous mixture, based on the individual's requirement, are then measured and converted to a desired final form, e.g., tablets, capsules or sachets. These tablets, capsules, etc., are then packaged and the packages are labeled.

Abstract: A nasal air filtration device includes a pair of either planar or concave-convex filters, a support structure incorporating a pair of generally annular bases or sleeves for supporting the filters, and a bridge that couples the bases or sleeves to maintain them in a desired spaced-apart relation and to determine a desired angular relationship. The support structure is insertable into the nasal cavities to position the filters within corresponding nasal cavities. Flexible rims maintain the support structure and the filters in spaced-apart relation to the surrounding nasal wall. The rims conform to surrounding nasal tissue to form seals. The rims can be selectively inclined to facilitate insertion and resist accidental removal. In certain embodiments the device is combined with a filter that covers the mouth to provide an air filtration system.

Abstract: A method for selecting a public land mobile network (PLMN) from a plurality of available PLMNs more particularly, one embodiment of the invention includes the steps of transmitting, via a mobile network, information related to the plurality of available PLMNs. The method further includes the step of receiving, at a mobile station, the information related to the plurality of available PLMNs, and responsive to the step of receiving, sending, to the mobile network, of a Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) signaling message including an identification data for selecting one PLMN from the plurality of available PLMNs. This Abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. 37 CFR 1.72(b).

Abstract: The present invention comprises an apparatus and method for generating and storing an electronic portrait of a buyer within a personal device such as a mobile telephone. An electronic portrait enables the generation of a physical identifier for comparison to the buyer by a seller during a transaction. Using the physical identifier transmitted to the seller via a wireless communications link, the seller can establish whether or not the buyer is authorized to make the transaction.

Abstract: A mobile communications device has a multifrequency band antenna with a low band portion (LB) tuned to a low frequency band, and a first high band portion (HB1) tuned to a first high frequency band at higher frequencies than the low frequency band. The low band portion (LB) and the first high band portion (HB1) have a common first grounding point (GP1), a common feeding point (FP) for feeding input signals to the antenna and for receiving signals from the antenna, and a first conductor portion (CP1), which forms part of the low band portion (LB) and of the first high band portion (HB1). The first conductor portion (CP1) is electrically connected to the first grounding point (GP1) and to the common feeding point (FP). A second high band portion (HB2) is coupled to the first conductor portion (CP1) and tuned to a second high frequency band at a higher frequency than the low frequency band and different from the first high frequency band.

Abstract: A locking hook bolt, which may be used for securing cable to support posts in guardrail assemblies, and a method for using the same are provided. The locking hook bolt includes a first leg, a second leg, and an arcuate portion coupling the first and second legs such that the second leg extends generally parallel with, and spaced apart from, the first leg. A locking portion configured to engage a support post extends from, and forms an angle of approximately 90 degrees with, the second leg. The first leg of the locking hook bolt includes a threaded portion opposite the arcuate portion.

Abstract: A nasal air filtration device includes a pair of concave-convex filters, and a support structure incorporating a pair of generally annular bases for supporting the filters, and a bridge that couples the bases, to maintain them in a desired spaced-apart relation and to determine a desired angular relationship between the bases and between the associated filters. The support structure is positionable against the anterior nares to direct the filters into their corresponding nasal cavities. The support structure maintains each of the filters in spaced-apart relation to the surrounding nasal wall. In alternative embodiments, an open frame is mounted to each base and positioned between its associated filter and the nasal wall.

Abstract: The values X(n) input to a current-steering digital-to-analog converter (49) are modified (41) before the actual conversion to compensate for conversion errors of the digital-to-analog converter. The input values are modified according to a model (43) of the digital-to-analog converter in which each output value of the digital-to-analog converter Y(n) is a sum of a desired value directly proportional to the respective input value and an error. The error is a product of the settled output value, i.e. the difference between the desired value and the previous output value Y(n?1) actually provided by the digital-to-analog converter, and a relative step error that is a function only of the respective input signal and is stored in a table. The relative step error can be a function also of the previous output signal and of the previous input signal. This model has a low complexity and is suitable for on-chip implementation.

Abstract: The invention relates to linearization of a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (5) by predistortion. Digital predistortion is performed (1) on received digitized base-band input signals to compensate for amplifier distortion. The resulting signal is converted to an analog signal via two D/A converters (2), after which analog frequency conversion is performed (3) on the analog signal to achieve a radio frequency (RF) signal. This radio frequency signal is exposed to analog predistortion (4) and thereafter amplified by the power amplifier.