Abstract: The roll has an inner axial flow space extending into conical flow spaces with wider ends facing away from each other. Cooling water is fed to and discharged from central axial bores in the roll, there being radial distributor and collecting ducts leading from these central bores to the widest diameter portions of the conical flow spaces.

Abstract: A mechanical pipe expander for a step-by-step expanding of steel pipes formed with a spiral welded seam. The expander includes an expander head that performs the expanding made up of circumferentially arranged segments over which the pipe assumes a circumjacent position and after which the segments move radially outward to forcibly engage the inside of the pipe. In order to avoid the segments contacting the inside welded seams of the pipe, the segments are formed with one or more complementary spiral slots and if the pipe has cross welded seams with one or more corresponding cross spiral slots.

Abstract: This invention relates to immersion ultrasonic pulse-echo testing of tubes or bars for internal defects wherein means are provided to continuously monitor the operation of the test channel. As ultrasonic energy enters the workpiece, the round workpiece surface causes acoustic energy scatter responsive echo signals which are sensed by the transmitter probe, are amplified and applied to a threshold circuit. If the amplitude of the scatter responsive signal falls below a predetermined level, an output signal indicative of "loss of operation" is produced. Means are provided to inhibit such output signal in the event of only a momentary decrease of the scatter responsive signal below a predetermined value.

Abstract: The continuous casting of steel is supervised and controlled by measuring total heat flow and the ratio of upper to lower heat flow into the mold and causing these two valves directly or indirectly to be represented in a two dimensional field. The resulting operating point must remain within an empirically predetermined range for safe operation without skin rupture.

Abstract: The expander is constructed from an irregular, truncated polyhedral pyramid in which surfaces bounded by parallel edges alternate with surfaces of trapezoidal contour. The latter have T-shaped longitudinal grooves each receiving respectively the T-shaped foot portion of double T-contoured guide elements and being secured to the groove from axial ends of the pyramid.

Abstract: The entrance angle of an ultrasonic beam into a test object results from refraction at the interface thereof with water. The physical orientation of the transducer directing a beam towards the object is maintained, but the refraction angle is varied through controlled adjustment of the water temperature.

Abstract: The needles in a printing head are guided in curved contour through plural, spaced apart guide plates having double cone bores arranged and configured to follow and determine the needle curving contour. The needles are contained in the usual conical housing whose wide rear end carries the needle drivers.

Abstract: The process for the continuous hardening of tubes comprises helically advancing a plurality of tubes arranged end to end in a horizontal direction and externally heating said tubes. A further step includes simultaneously or successively heating internally the said tubes and subsequently cooling said tubes both externally and internally. A further step includes temporarily accelerating the feeding of said tubes to divide the substantially continuous line of tubes into individual tubes. An additional step before externally and internally heating the tubes includes preheating said tubes to a temperature in the range of 500.degree. to 600.degree. C. Apparatus for the continuous hardening of tubes includes a roller table for the longitudinal helical transport of the tubes arranged end to end. An external heat source is provided for heating the tubes and an external spraying ring is arranged axially in advance of the heat source for the external cooling of the tubes.

Abstract: The rolls of a curved withdrawal path for an ingot emerging from a continuous casting mold are resiliently yieldingly supported on the outside curved track as between bending and straightening points, while rolls continuing the inside track beyond the first point of straightening the ingot and into the horizontal are also yieldingly mounted, while the respective opposite rolls are rigidly mounted.

Abstract: Valve casings at the ends of two cryogenic conduits are held together by brackets which can be locked but are driven apart for fast separation. Valves in the casings close automatically when the conduits separate.

Abstract: A hold down device is disclosed suitable for an edge planing machine for working sheet metal. The hold down device has a plurality of hold down elements arranged in the direction of movement of the sheet metal and in a laterally overlapping relation. A plurality of piston cylinder units are provided and a single hydraulic cylinder is associated with and connected to each element for pressing it down against the sheet metal to be worked. The lateral surfaces of the elements facing the plate edge are in alignment with each other. The piston rod of the hydraulic drives are connected to the middle of each element for swivel action. The individual elements may either have an essentially rhomboidal or Z-shaped plan view. A further improvement adds spring forces and guidance to the hold down action.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for monitoring and obviating deformation of the shell of continuous castings. Reference pick ups are used to measure from a reference line the bulging of the casting shell between adjacent guiding rollers and to measure the instantaneous distance of the guide rollers from the reference line. The differential between these measurements is determined and in accordance therewith the casting travel speel and/or quantity of coolant is regulated to avoid undesired bulging.

Abstract: The method of gaplessly separating and identifying successive rolling lots of ingots or blooms in a production process for making tubes or the like wherein the stock is introduced into a furnace for heating and in a production line subsequently rolled, which comprises radio-actively marking the first or the last ingot of a given rolling lot of ingots at its subsequently lost end prior to being introduced into the furnace. A further step includes interposing a radio-active radiation responsive signal device in said production line before rolling. Apparatus for carrying out said method includes a device for imparting radioactivity to an ingot in advance of a rotary hearth furnace. Radiation counter-tubes are located in advance of a taper mill and a continuous rolling mill respectively. Further counter-tubes are arranged in advance of a stretch reducing or sizing mill.

Abstract: A manganese chromium steel with 20 to 30% Mn, 5 to 12% Cr; up to 0.5% C and additives such as 1.5% Si, 0.5% V and possibly others. The steel is preferably used for pipes transporting liquified gas. The steel has relatively low thermal expansion.

Abstract: A matrix printer with a reciprocating carriage carries transversely moving spring biased printing head. A roller on the head runs on a resilient rail urged against the platen and can be retracted by pivoting the rail carrier under engagement of a second rail cooperating with a second roller on the head. A cam track in a terminal position of the carriage provides for independent head retraction through engagement with the second roller.

Abstract: An ingot is guided and supported, after exiting from the mold, along a curved path, in which smaller, closer spaced and more numerous rollers are arranged on the inside - upper side of the track path than on the underside - outside thereof. The track is segmented, each segment holding the same number of rollers for inside and outside track portion, but the inside track is supplemented by inbetween- segment rollers.

Abstract: Continuously cast ingots are spray-cooled by a fanned-out flow of water which has been accellerated by pressurized air with an original nozzle direction parallel to the surface of the ingot and transversely to the direction of ingot withdrawal. The arrangement avoids cooling impediment on account of the Leiden frost phenomenon.

Abstract: The upper one of a pair of grooved rolls is mounted on a carrier which is hydraulically biased in up direction but held down by a carriage acting as a lock and being pivotally suspended from a crossbeam of the roll stand. A hydraulic drive can retract the carriage laterally permitting the carrier to yield in up direction for exchanging the plug.

Abstract: The mold for continuous casting is prepared by lining the wall with glass either by pasting a glass fiber mesh thereon or by coating it with a mixture of glass powder and adhesive.

Abstract: A feeder pipe for a mold for continuous casting of steel has near-rectangular inner and outer contour with oppositely directed discharge ports on the small sides of the rectangle feeding towards the small sides of the rectangle of a mold for casting of ingot with rectangular contour.