Abstract: A bottom electrode for a metallurgical vessel operated with direct current, consisting of an outer part made of a first material arrangeable substantially outside a bottom of the vessel so as to face the vessel, and an inner part made of a second material and connected to the outer part so as to face an interior of the vessel. The inner part is configured to wear when in contact with molten metal in the vessel, and includes a metallic first structural part that consists substantially of a material comparable to the molten metal. The first structural part has an end adjacent the outer part with a cross-section adapted to that of the outer part. The first structural part is configured to prevent a flow of melted electrode material as well as the molten metal. The inner part further includes a high temperature resistant second structural part configured to compliment the first structural part, the first and second structural parts being coaxial to one another.

Abstract: A process for producing a steel strip with properties of a cold-rolled product. The process including comprising the sequential steps of: a) producing a thin slab 30 to 100 mm thick from a steel melt by continuous casting in a continuous casting machine, and, after a cast strip emerges from a mold of the continuous casting machine, cast rolling the cast strip with a liquid core to reduce thickness of the cast strip by at least 10%; b) descaling the thin slab produced according to step a); c) hot rolling the descaled thin slab at temperatures in a range of 1150.degree. to 900.degree. C. for reducing thickness by at least 50% to produce an intermediate strip with a maximum thickness of 20 mm; d) after hot rolling, accelerated cooling of the intermediate strip to a temperature in a range of 850.degree. to 600.degree. C.; e) rolling down the cooled intermediate strip by isothermic rolling at 850.degree. to 600.degree. C.

Abstract: A measuring device including a substantially horizontal shaft having a longitudinal axis and a groove defined transverse thereto. The shaft is mounted with clearance in a substantially non-circular opening defined in the lateral supports of a supporting device, the clearance being provided at least in an area opposite the groove. A bearing pin is secured to the supporting device and partially engages the groove defined in the shaft, thereby axially and non-rotatably securing the shaft to the supporting device. A load measuring element is fixedly mounted to the supporting device and supports the end of the shaft longitudinally opposite the location of the groove. The load measuring element is preferably provided with wire strain gauges or microswitches, which permit simple measurement of the load. A pulley is rotatably supported by an annular pivot bearing for rotation about the shaft to transfer the load from the shaft to the bearing pin and load measuring element.

Abstract: A rope guide for a winch including a rotatably supported winding drum defining an axis of rotation and having helical cable or rope grooves defined about the drum periphery and which spiral inward from the drum distal edges toward the drum center. Two guide elements are provided to align a corresponding pair of rope lines as the lines are wound onto and from the rotating winding drum. Coupling means affixed to the guide elements movably connect the guide elements for movement along the tracks of an elongated rail and parallel to the axis of rotation of the winding drum as the rope lines are wound onto and from the drum. The coupling means are constructed as longitudinal coupling supports that are concurrently movable in opposite directions longitudinally along the rail and are guided in the respective tracks and supported at at least two spaced apart points. The combination of each longitudinal coupling support and guide element is preferably guided and supported via the guide element in different tracks.

Abstract: A method and device for placing plugs on plug mills, in which, after the completed rolling of a tube, the plug is freed from bearing against a plug rod and, owing to its weight, moves downward out of the rolling line, is recooled and is raised again into the region of the rolling line. According to the invention, when being raised the plug moves on an elliptical track and, before being deposited, assumes a waiting position which is located at approximately the same level at a lateral spacing from the rolling line.

Abstract: A furnace installation as an intermediate storage between a mandrel-free coiling mechanism for strip-shaped cast billet, which is arranged downstream of a thin slab casting installation, and an uncoiling mechanism communicating with a downstream rolling mill, and a system for transporting the coiled bundles through the furnace installation. The furnace installation includes an integral coiling mechanism on the charging side. At least one transporting device for transporting the bundles is provided outside and below the furnace installation and is movable along the furnace installation. The transporting device penetrates into the furnace installation by lifting/lowering supports for the bundle to be transported. The uncoiling mechanism is likewise integrated in the furnace installation at a distance from the coiling mechanism which allows a plurality of bundles arranged adjacent to one another to be picked up. The uncoiling mechanism communicates with the coiling mechanism via the transporting device.

Abstract: A plant for producing metal heat exchanger tubes with spiral heat exchanger ribs secured to the exterior surface from smooth tubes and strip-form flat material for the ribs. In order to allow ribbed tubes to be economically produced at any desired location, the main plant units needed to produce the ribbed tubes, such as a rotating device, strip conveyor and joining device, are installed in one or more mobile container-type modules in production order.

Abstract: A base-plate distributing valve comprised of a valve body, a base-plate element and a valve element slidably disposed within a longitudinal bore of the valve body. Pressure medium line ports and pressure medium lines are contained within the valve body and the base-plate element. The base-plate element contains an opening into which the part of the valve body which contains the valve element may be inserted. Within the valve element are valves. A drive element controls the valve element which shifts position the position of the valves within the longitudinal bore of the valve body to permit alignment of the pressure medium lines for flow therethrough. Accordingly, when the valve body is inserted into the base-plate element in a pressure-medium-tight seal, a substantially straight-lined flow of a medium through the base-plate element at a high flow rate is achieved.

Abstract: A process for operating a jet pump with a driving nozzle from which a driving medium, especially steam, exits at supersonic speed, this driving medium mixing with a gaseous load medium. According to the invention, downstream of the outlet of the nozzle in the mixing region the circumferential length is increased by a cross-sectional shape of the driving jet diverging from the circle in order to eliminate the azimuthal symmetry of the vortex structure of the driving medium, wherein the respective cross-sectional surface corresponding to the principle of continuity beginning in the jet direction with a circular cross section in the supersonic portion of the jet corresponds to the circular cross-section surface of the driving medium in conventional supersonic nozzles.

Abstract: A support frame assembly for a hoisting device including a cable drum pulling means mounted between two side-end members and at least two longitudinal girders arranged between the end members so that the ends of the longitudinal girders are substantially fixed in position relative to the end members. In order to reduce the expense of assembling and weight of the cable winch, the end members are clamped together in a longitudinal direction with at least one clamping means so that the ends of the longitudinal girders are, as a result, substantially fixed in position relative to the side-end members, at least in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A process and a device for monitoring and/or controlling the speed of rotation of an electric drive having an asynchronous motor equipped with a braking device (11) and connected via a frequency adapter (13) to an alternating current system (12), e.g. three-phase system, to provide safe lifting and lowering of a load. The maximum torque (16) produced by the drive for lifting the load is set to be smaller than a holding torque (17) needed by the braking device (11) to hold the load in a stationary position.

Abstract: A roll pass design for the sets of rolls of a non-mandrel type multiple-stand pipe reducing mill, each set of rolls having three rolls. In order to improve the roll pass design so that the flow of material in the pipe is acted upon locally in such a way that the occurrence of local thickening of the pipe wall at critical points along the circumference of the pipe during reduction is decreased, the magnitude of the curvature of the roll pass flanks of at least a plurality of sets of rolls succeeding one another in the rolling direction increases by constant amounts or by equal percentages.

Abstract: An angle measuring device used for measuring the pendulum angle of a cable of a lifting device comprising connection components which utilize measurement value pick-ups and are connected via a cardanic-type joint to axles which are arranged at right angles to one another. To attain high precision of discrimination in measurement, the measurement value pick-ups each comprises a Hall sensor and an associated magnetic element to create a magnetic field detectable by the Hall sensor. An angle of measurement can be attained if the lower connection component is swung and causes a shift in the joint ball around the axle. This results in a change in the position of the magnets relative to the Hall sensors. This change in position results in a change in the detected Hall voltage which after appropriate adjustment can be transformed into an angle measurement.

Abstract: A method and system for forecasting traffic flows at selected locations or in selected sections of road network, which method includes continually determining actual location positions of a plurality of vehicles of a spot check vehicle fleet, storing on the vehicles the determined actual positions as route data of a route traveled by the vehicles, transmitting the route data at intervals from more than one vehicle to a traffic computer containing a digital road map, and determining traffic flow data from the route data using the traffic computer. The traffic flow data includes information concerning traffic density.

Abstract: A running gear, in particular for chain hoists, load carrying and/or trailing cable, which includes a running rail comprising flange parts and a web part. Running wheels which are located opposite one another are supported on the flange parts of the running rail and guide rollers which are arranged on both sides in front of and behind each running wheel are vertically supported on the web part of the running rail. The guide rollers are rotatably supported in lateral wheel carriers connected below the running rail, at least one of the wheel carriers having a load suspension device connected thereto. Trapezoidally-shaped guide grooves conduct the guide rollers as the running gear moves longitudinally along the rail. The guide rollers have rounded edges which contact only a portion of the guide groove. Thus, the running gear moves steadily along the rail while the pitching and swaying movements which typically accompany the pendulum-like movement of the load are not transferred to the running gear.

Abstract: A roll stand with backing rolls and work rolls for rolling sheets and strips, in which at least the upper and lower work rolls mounted in chucks inside of housing windows formed between housing columns of the roll housing can be moved out of their shared vertical plane horizontally in opposite directions by movement drives effectively associated with the roll chucks into positions wherein the vertical planes that pass through the axis of roll of the upper work roll and of the lower work roll intersect. This is achieved by the fact that on the inner and outer sides (which are opposite to each other and run parallel to the direction of roll) of each housing column, a movement and a swivel bearing are arranged for one of two substantially horizontal beams. The beams are parallel, connected to each other and extend on both sides past the housing columns on one side, the beams extend into the housing window and, on the side facing away from the housing window, out of the roll housing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously feeding a generally tubular workpiece into a drawing unit of a continuous drawing machine without disadvantageously reducing the processing speed of the drawing machine. A workpiece having a reduced outer diameter drawing point is fed through a drawing ring by a pair of vertically stacked driving rollers until the drawing point extends beyond the drawing ring. The drawing point is then grabbed by a gripper and drawn through a drawing ring--its movement through the drawing ring still assisted by the driving rollers --to form a reduced diameter starting portion of the workpiece. In so doing, the workpiece is pulled along a drawing axis and in a drawing direction toward a drawing unit that defines a clamping length. Once the reduced diameter starting portion is formed, the gripper is swiveled away from the drawing axis and the drawing ring holder and drawing ring are caused to moved toward the drawing unit still aided by the drive rollers.

Abstract: A metallurgical vessel heated by direct current, particularly for the production of ferroalloys, including a metallic jacket lined with refractory material and a bottom electrode. A bottom electrode (22) is located within the interior of the vessel and arranged below a refractory side wall (12) of the metallurgical vessel (10). Bottom electrode (22) is constructed from electrically conducting refractory material. The periphery of the electrically conducting bottom (22) is surrounded by metallic plates (25), each of which is connected to current rods (31) which extend through a metallic jacket (11) and out from the vessel. Plates (25) and current rods (31) are separated from the metallic jacket (11) by electrical insulation (32). The electrode device in the bottom of the vessel ensures electrical contact over as large an area as possible.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for removing an edge fin produced on a workpiece surface during the production of metal rim reinforcement strips. The edge fin is removed after the rim is clamped in the longitudinal direction by cutting a lateral incision into the edge fin along the longitudinal direction just above the workpiece surface. The cutting tool may be stationary blades or roll blades, the latter blades cooperating with a support for the edge fin during lateral cutting.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the continuous treatment of annealed and non-annealed hot strip of stainless steel. First, the hot strip is stretched, bent and straightened to break a scale which has grown on the hot strip. Then, a electrolytic pickling is performed in an electrolyte with multiple alternating anodically-connected and cathodically-connected strip polarization. Directly following thereafter, pickling once again takes place in the electrolyte with multiple anodically-connected electrodes arranged directly behind one another and corresponding cathodic strip polarization, followed by anodic strip polarization produced by means of a cathodically-connected electrode. To further remove any scale remaining on the surface of the hot strip, the hot strip is subject to high-pressure fluid spraying or brush aggregates. Renewed electrolytic pickling in performed with at least one electrolyte with multiple exclusively cathodically-connected electrodes and anodic strip polarization.