Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring dye concentration in liquids are described herein.

Abstract: New ionic thermal acid generator compounds are provided. Also provided are photoresist compositions, antireflective coating compositions, and chemical trim overcoat compositions, and methods of using the compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fibrous tissue sealant in the form of an anhydrous fibrous sheet comprising a first component which is a fibrous polymer containing electrophilic or nucleophilic groups and a second component capable of crosslinking the first component when the sheet is exposed to an aqueous medium, thereby forming a crosslinked hydrogel that is adhesive to biological tissue. The fibrous tissue sealant may be useful as a general tissue adhesive for medical and veterinary applications such as wound closure, supplementing or replacing sutures or staples in internal surgical procedures, tissue repair, and to prevent post-surgical adhesions. The fibrous tissue sealant may be particularly suitable for use as a hemostatic sealant to stanch bleeding from surgical or traumatic wounds.

Abstract: A method for forming a copper interconnection structure includes the steps of forming an opening in an insulating layer, forming a copper alloy layer including a metal element on an inner surface of the opening, and conducting a heat treatment on the copper alloy layer so as to form a barrier layer. An enthalpy of oxide formation for the metal element is lower than the enthalpy of oxide formation for copper. The heat treatment is conducted at temperatures ranging from 327° C. to 427° C. and for a time period ranging from 1 minute to 80 minutes.

Abstract: A method for depositing a Group 1b/gallium/(optional indium)/Group 6a material using a gallium formulated ink, comprising, as initial components: (a) a Group 1b/gallium/(optional indium)/Group 6a system which comprises a combination of, as initial components: a gallium component; a selenium component; an organic chalcogenide component; a Group 1b component comprising, as an initial component, at least one of CuCl2 and Cu2O; optionally, a bidentate thiol component; optionally, an indium component; and, (b) a liquid carrier component; depositing the gallium formulated ink on the substrate; heating the deposited gallium formulated ink to eliminate the gallium carrier, the first liquid carrier, the second liquid carrier and the, optional, third liquid carrier leaving a Group 1b/gallium/(optional indium)/Group 6a material on the substrate; and, optionally, annealing the Group 1b/gallium/(optional indium)/Group 6a material.

Abstract: Described herein are methods, compositions and synthetic biology approaches for solvent production, including but not limited to butanol production. Described herein are recombinant bacteria and yeast strains which may be used in production of a solvent, including but not limited to butanol, from lignocellulosic and other plant-based feedstocks. Described herein are methods of producing solvents, including but not limited to butanol, using bacteria and yeast strains. Described herein are methods of producing organisms that display highly efficient butanol production.

Abstract: Semiconductors are electrochemically etched in solutions containing sources of bifluoride and nickel ions. The electrochemical etching may form pores in the surface of the semiconductor in the nanometer range. The etched semiconductor is then nickel plated.

Abstract: A method of purifying ammonia borane is provided in which crude ammonia borane is dissolved in an organic solvent, such as an ether, and mixed with a basic aqueous solution to form a two-phase system. The pH of the aqueous solution and the temperature are adjusted to increase the solubility of the impurities and decrease the solubility of the ammonia borane in the basic aqueous solution, without causing decomposition of the ammonia borane. The impurities are separated from the crude ammonia borane solution, the mixture is phase-separated and the dissolved ammonia borane is isolated from the organic solvent fraction. High purity ammonia borane is obtained.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition comprising at least the following A and B: A) a polymer comprising, in polymerized from, at least one “monomer that comprises at least one hydroxyl group;” and B) an organometal compound comprising at least one metal selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Co, Mn, Zn, or combinations thereof, and wherein the organometal compound is present in an amount greater than 5 weight percent, based on the sum weight of A and B.

Abstract: A composition comprising the following: A) a cure catalyst selected from Formula A: [NR1?R2?R3?R4?]+X???(Formula A), R1?, R2?, R3?, R4? are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl; X is a monovalent anion, and wherein at least one of R1?, R2?, R3? or R4? is a methyl; and B) a prepolymer formed from a first composition comprising: Ra comprises one or more multiple bonds, provided that, if Ra comprises more than one multiple bond, these multiple bonds are not in a conjugated configuration; R1, R2, R3 are described herein; Rb is selected from H or a saturated group comprising alkyl, alkylene, or alkylidene; R4, R5, R6 are described herein; Rc comprises more than one multiple bond, and these multiple bonds are in a conjugated configuration; R7, R8, R9 are described herein; and R10, R11, R12, R13 described herein.

Abstract: Some embodiments include methods of forming patterns. A first mask is formed over a material. The first mask has features extending therein and defines a first pattern. The first pattern has a first level of uniformity across a distribution of the features. A brush layer is formed across the first mask and within the features to narrow the features and create a second mask from the first mask. The second mask has a second level of uniformity across the narrowed features which is greater than the first level of uniformity. A pattern is transferred from the second mask into the material.

Abstract: Topcoat compositions are provided that can be used in immersion lithography to form photoresist patterns. The topcoat compositions include a polymer system that includes a matrix polymer and a surface active polymer. The matrix polymer is present in the composition in a larger proportion by weight than the surface active polymer, and the surface active polymer has a lower surface energy than a surface energy of the matrix polymer. A solvent system includes a first organic solvent chosen from gamma-butyrolactone and/or gamma-valerolactone, and a second organic solvent. The first organic solvent has a higher surface energy than a surface energy of the surface active polymer, and a higher boiling point than a boiling point of the second organic solvent.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing patterned conductor is provided, comprising: providing a conductivized substrate, wherein the conductivized substrate comprises a substrate and an electrically conductive layer; providing an electrically conductive layer etchant; providing a spinning material; providing a masking fiber solvent; forming a plurality of masking fibers and depositing the plurality of masking fibers onto the electrically conductive layer; exposing the electrically conductive layer to the electrically conductive layer etchant, wherein the electrically conductive layer that is uncovered by the plurality of masking fibers is removed from the substrate, leaving an interconnected conductive network on the substrate covered by the plurality of masking fibers; and, exposing the plurality of masking fibers to the masking fiber solvent, wherein the plurality of masking fibers are removed to uncover the interconnected conductive network on the substrate.

Abstract: A hydrogel tissue adhesive formed by reacting an aminated polysaccharide with a water-dispersible, aldehyde-functionalized multi-arm polyether is described. The hydrogel tissue adhesive may be useful as a general tissue adhesive and sealant for medical and veterinary applications such as wound closure, supplementing or replacing sutures or staples in internal surgical procedures such as intestinal anastomosis and vascular anastomosis, tissue repair, ophthalmic procedures, drug delivery, and to prevent post-surgical adhesions. Additionally, due to the presence of the aminated polysaccharide, the hydrogel tissue adhesive may also promote wound healing and blood coagulation, and provide antimicrobial properties.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a silver miniwire film is provided, wherein the film exhibits a reduced sheet resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed are fast-curing, inexpensive corn-gluten resin compositions, methods for making them, methods for forming them into solid articles. In some embodiments, the resin composition includes corn meal gluten and a non-toxic organic acid.

Abstract: A catalyst layer for a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly includes a plurality of agglomerates, adjacent ones of the plurality of agglomerates contacting with each other with pores provided between said adjacent ones of the plurality of agglomerates, each of the plurality of agglomerates being formed by packing a plurality of catalysts each consisting of noble metal fine particles supported on a fiber-like support material, adjacent ones of the plurality of catalysts contacting with each other with pores provided between said adjacent ones of the plurality of catalysts, and each of the plurality of catalysts contacting with a plurality of catalysts other than said each catalyst at a plurality of contact points. This allows providing a catalyst layer, a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly, and a fuel cell, each of which has compact size and excellent power generation performance, and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: A compound having the formula (I): wherein a is an integer of from 1 to 10, and x is an integer of from 1 to 3, X1 comprises a fluoroalcohol, fluorinated ester, or fluorinated anhydride, Y is a single bond, C1-20 alkylene group, O, S, NR, ester, carbonate, sulfonate, sulfone, or sulfonamide, wherein R is H or C1-20 alkyl, and wherein the C1-20 alkylene group is structurally only carbon, or one or more structural carbon atoms in the C1-20 alkylene group is replaced by oxygen, carbonyl, ester, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted, C5 or greater monocyclic, polycyclic, or fused polycyclic cycloalkyl; or a substituted or unsubstituted, C5 or greater monocyclic, polycyclic, or fused polycyclic aryl group, wherein the cycloalkyl or aryl is a carbocycle or comprises a heteroatom comprising O, S, N, F, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, each R1 is independently a substituted C5-40 aryl, substituted C5-40 heteroaryl, C1-40 alkyl, a

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a product authenticator and barcode scanner interlock. An example apparatus includes a barcode scanner to scan a barcode on an item and a tester to determine whether the item is authentic, wherein the tester prevents the barcode from scanning the item if the item is not authentic.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fibrous tissue sealant in the form of an anhydrous fibrous sheet comprising a first component which is a fibrous polymer containing electrophilic or nucleophilic groups and a second component capable of crosslinking the first component when the sheet is exposed to an aqueous medium, thereby forming a crosslinked hydrogel that is adhesive to biological tissue. The fibrous tissue sealant may be useful as a general tissue adhesive for medical and veterinary applications such as wound closure, supplementing or replacing sutures or staples in internal surgical procedures, tissue repair, and to prevent post-surgical adhesions. The fibrous tissue sealant may be particularly suitable for use as a hemostatic sealant to stanch bleeding from surgical or traumatic wounds.