Abstract: The planning of treatment using tumor treating fields (TTFields) in a portion of a subject's body (e.g., the subject's head) can be improved by obtaining an image of the body portion, and generating, based on the image, a 3D model of electrical conductivity. A target volume within the 3D model is identified, and a set of model electrodes is added to the 3D model at given locations. Then, for each voxel in the target volume, the power loss density (PLD) that will be present when TTFields are eventually applied is determined. The same process is repeated for a plurality of different electrode locations. Finally, the set of electrode locations that yielded the best PLD is selected, and a description of those locations is output.

Abstract: Compositions, systems, and methods for reducing viability of cancer cells and treating cancer, as well as preventing an increase of volume of a tumor present in a body of a living subject, are disclosed. The systems and methods involve application of an alternating field in combination with administration of at least one composition comprising at least one antibody that specifically binds to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (anti-VEGFR-2 antibody).

Abstract: Tumor treating fields (TTFields) can be delivered to a subject's body at higher field strengths by switching off one or more electrode elements that are overheating without switching off other electrode elements that are not overheating. This may be accomplished using a plurality of temperature sensors, with each of the temperature sensors positioned to sense the temperature at a respective electrode element; and a plurality of electrically controlled switches, each of which is wired to switch the current to an individual electrode element on or off. A controller input signals from the temperature sensors to determine the temperature at each of the electrode elements, and controls the state of the control input of each of the electrically controlled switches to selectively switch off the current or adjusted the duty cycle at any electrode element that is overheating.

Abstract: Cancer treatment using TTFields (Tumor Treating Fields) can be customized to each individual subject by extracting cancer cells from the subject's body. Alternating electric fields are then applied to the extracted cells at different frequencies, and voltage measurements are obtained from the cells under two different conditions at each of the different frequencies. These voltage measurements can then be used to determine what frequency will provide the largest gradient at the cleavage furrow when similar cells divide, which will in turn increase the efficacy of the TTFields. Treatment using TTFields can then proceed at the determined frequency.

Abstract: A garment configured to generate an AC voltage, the garment including: a support layer configured to be worn on a subject's body; an amplifier for converting an input voltage to the AC voltage; control circuitry communicatively coupled to the amplifier and configured to control the frequency and amplitude of the AC voltage output from the amplifier; and at least one battery coupled to the amplifier and configured to supply the input voltage to the amplifier; wherein the amplifier, the control circuitry, and the at least one battery are integrated into the garment such that the weight of the amplifier, the control circuitry, and the at least one battery is supported by the support layer.

Abstract: When transducer arrays (i.e., arrays of electrode elements) are used to apply alternating electric fields to a subject's body, the subject may experience electrosensation. This electrosensation can be ameliorated by increasing the number of steps when the voltage ramps up from zero to its peak when the AC voltage is first applied to any given transducer array, and also when the alternating electric field switches direction.

Abstract: Increasing the strength of tumor treating Fields (TTFields) or other alternating electric field treatments will typically increase the efficacy of treatment. This application discloses methods of determining where to position a plurality of electrode elements on a subject's body so that higher currents (which yield higher-strength fields) can be driven through the electrode elements during a treatment session without overheating the electrode elements. The position selection is based on the fact that some regions on the surface of a given subject's body are better at carrying heat away from the electrode elements, as compared to other regions that may only be a short distance away. And the methods disclosed herein rely on positioning the electrode elements at the regions that are better at carrying heat away from the electrode elements.

Abstract: When transducer arrays (i.e., arrays of electrode elements) are used to apply alternating electric fields to a subject's body, the subject may experience electrosensation, particularly during portions of the waveform where the amplitude of the AC voltage is ramping up. This electrosensation can be ameliorated by synchronizing the step-to-step transitions in amplitude with the AC signal so that when a given step-to-step transition occurs while the AC signal has a given polarity, the very next step-to-step transitions will occur while the AC signal has the opposite polarity.

Abstract: The paths that alternating electric fields take through a body part can be controlled by providing at least eight electrically isolated signal generators, each of which is configured to apply electrical signals between a respective electrode element on one side of the target region and a respective electrode element on the opposite side of the target region. This replaces the prior art's single wide-cross-section electric field with eight independently controllable electric fields, each of which has a relatively narrow cross-section. Using these relatively narrow cross-section fields, either alone or in combination, can improve aiming of the electric field, which can in turn increase the field strength in the target region. Optionally, activation of these relatively narrow cross-section fields can be shifted in time to achieve steering of the overall electric field.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method to generate a three-dimensional model, wherein the computer comprises one or more processors and memory accessible by the one or more processors, and the memory stores instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the computer to perform the computer-implemented method, includes: receiving first image data of a first portion of the patient's body in a first image modality, receiving second image data of a second portion of the patient's body in a second image modality, modifying the second image data from the second image modality to the first image modality, and generating, based on the first image data in the first image modality and the modified second image data in the second image modality, a three-dimensional model of the first portion and the second portion of the patient's body.

Abstract: A system for generating a TTField is herein described. The system comprises a generator configured to generate an electrical signal; a first lead coupled to the generator and a first conductive pad and configured to carry the electrical signal; the first conductive pad having a first electrode element electrically coupled to a first conductive gel element to supply electrical current to the first conductive gel element; a second lead coupled to the generator and a second conductive pad and configured to carry the electrical signal; and the second conductive pad having the second electrode element electrically coupled to a second conductive gel element to supply electrical current to the second conductive gel element, wherein the first conductive gel element and the second conductive gel element are each configured to be in contact with a patient's skin and each supporting a shaping member adjacent to one or more air channel.

Abstract: To plan tumor treating fields (TTFields) therapy, a model of a patient's head is often used to determine where to position the transducer arrays during treatment, and the accuracy of this model depends in large part on an accurate segmentation of MRI images. The quality of a segmentation can be improved by presenting the segmentation to a previously-trained machine learning system. The machine learning system generates a quality score for the segmentation. Revisions to the segmentation are accepted, and the machine learning system scores the revised segmentation. The quality scores are used to determine which segmentation provides better results, optionally by running simulations for models that correspond to each segmentation for a plurality of different transducer array layouts.

Abstract: A composition and method of use is herein disclosed. The composition comprises a semi-solid conductive gel for application to a patient's skin and for placement between the patient's skin and at least one insulated electrode; and at least one bulk electron transport agent disposed upon at least a portion of a surface of the semi-solid conductive gel and/or disposed within at least a portion of the semi-solid conductive gel, wherein the bulk electron transport agent is selected from the group consisting of an ionic compound, a metal, a non-metal, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Autoinflammatory and mitochondrial disorders can be treated by positioning a plurality of electrodes in or on a subject's body, and applying an AC voltage between the plurality of electrodes so as to impose an alternating electric field through the tissue that is being affected by the autoinflammatory or mitochondrial disease. The frequency and field strength of the alternating electric field are selected such that the alternating electric field inhibits inflammation or mitochondrial disorders in the tissue.

Abstract: A pad having a topcoat layer, an electrode element and a conductive gel element are described. The electrode element is connected to the topcoat layer, and configured to receive an electrical signal from a generator producing an electric signal as a TTField. The electrode element includes an electrode layer and a non-conductive flexible polymer layer. The non-conductive flexible polymer layer is positioned between the electrode layer and the conductive gel element to electrically isolate the electrode layer from the conductive gel element.

Abstract: A pad having a topcoat layer, an electrode element and a conductive gel element are described. The electrode element is connected to the topcoat layer, and configured to receive an electrical signal from a generator producing an electric signal as a TTField. The conductive gel element is directly connected to the electrode element so as to receive an electrical current from the electrode element. The conductive gel element is configured to be in contact with a patient's skin. The electrode element and the conductive gel element define kirigami-like cuts, the kirigrami-like cuts being a predetermined pattern of cuts resulting in the electrode element, the flexible polymer layer, and the conductive gel element forming a three-dimensional shape conforming to a predetermined portion of a patient's body.

Abstract: A pad having a topcoat layer, an electrode element and a conductive gel element are described. The electrode element is connected to the topcoat layer, and configured to receive an electrical signal from a generator producing an electric signal as a TTField. The conductive gel element is directly connected to the electrode element so as to receive an electrical current from the electrode element. The conductive gel element is configured to be in contact with a patient's skin. The electrode element and the conductive gel element define at least one perforation extending through the electrode element and the conductive gel element.

Abstract: A system for generating a TTField utilizing at least one conductive pad is herein described. The system comprises a generator configured to generate an electrical signal; a first lead coupled to the generator and a first conductive pad and configured to carry the electrical signal; the first conductive pad having a first electrode element electrically coupled to a first conductive gel element to supply electrical current to the first conductive gel element; a second lead coupled to the generator and a second conductive pad and configured to carry the electrical signal; and the second conductive pad having the second electrode element electrically coupled to a second conductive gel element to supply electrical current to the second conductive gel element, wherein the first conductive gel element and the second conductive gel element are each configured to be in contact with a patient's skin and each have one or more air channel.

Abstract: A conductive pad is described. The conductive pad includes a topcoat layer, an electrode element, and a conductive gel element. The topcoat layer is constructed of a non-conductive material. The electrode element has a first side and a second side, the second side connected to the topcoat layer, and configured to receive an electrical signal from a generator producing an electric signal as a TTField. The conductive gel element is connected to the first side of the electrode element and electrically coupled to the electrode element so as to receive an electrical current from the electrode element, the conductive gel element being in the form of at least one line and operable to be in contact with a patient's skin at specific locations and operable to flex with movement of the patient without substantially moving from the specific location.

Abstract: A transducer array for use in tumor-treating fields (TTFields) therapy is particularly suited for use in treating abdominal or thoracic cancers. The transducer array has features that increase its flexibility and adhesion to the patient's skin, including a branching configuration and a correspondingly branching top covering adhesive-backed layer. Additionally, a skin-level adhesive layer is provided beneath the flex circuit to which the electrode elements are attached, to help ensure thorough, lasting adhesion of the transducer array to the patient's skin over the course of treatment.