Abstract: A heat exchange panel possessing a system of internal tubular passageways connecting opposed headers, wherein said headers define an angle of at least 91.degree. with respect to the direction of flow of a heat exchange medium passing therethrough, and said passageways are disposed at an angle of at least 1.degree. with respect to said flow, said flow defined with respect to a longitudinal edge of said panel. The disposition of the headers and passageways provides improved and efficient drainage of fluid from the panel regardless of whether the longitudinal dimension of the panel is placed in the horizontal or the vertical plane.

Abstract: The present invention describes a solid calcium hypochlorite composition comprising calcium hypochlorite and about 0.5% to about 50% by weight of substantially water-insoluble and unchlorinated magnesium compounds, said magnesium compounds being derived from impure hydrated lime. Furthermore, the present invention describes a process for making this composition, which is an improvement in the known process for the manufacture of a solid calcium hypochlorite composition wherein an aqueous slurry comprising a hydrated lime, a mixture of hydrated lime and at least one alkali metal hydroxide, or a mixture of hydrated lime and at least one alkali metal hypochlorite, is chlorinated to form an aqueous chlorinated slurry containing calcium hypochlorite and further processing said chlorinated slurry to recover a solid calcium hypochlorite composition.

Abstract: Cigarette paper containing a filler of gamma alumina, for selectively reducing the organic vapor phase constituents in tobacco smoke. The paper is comprised of cellulosic fibers and a gamma alumina filler with the amount of alumina filler present being at least 50% by weight based on the weight of the paper. Preferably, the amount of gamma alumina filler will range from 50 to 80%. In addition to reducing organic vapor phase constituents, the paper has unique advantages over conventional cigarette paper wrappers in that the visible sidestream smoke eminating from the smoking article is reduced.

Abstract: A process for producing 3-trichloromethyl-5-loweralkylamino-1,2,4-thiadiazole compounds by the reaction of a N-loweralkylisothiocyanate with a N-halotrichloroacetamidine in the presence of a base. The N-halotrichloroacetamidine compound may be added to the reaction mixture or, instead, generated in situ.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell employing a hydraulically impermeable membrane having a spacing means interposed between the anode and the membrane, is operated by providing a positive pressure differential between the cathode compartment and the anode compartment. The pressure differential is sufficient to maintain contact between the spacer and the membrane to provide uniform spacing between the anode and the membrane. In addition, this process provides sufficient spacing between the membrane and the cathode to provide efficient release of any gas formed and to prevent gas blinding at the cathode. Employing the positive pressure differential enables the cell to be operated at reduced energy costs when producing, for example, concentrated solutions of sodium hydroxide by careful control of the spacing between the membrane and the electrodes.

Abstract: Calcium hypochlorite compositions useful as bleaching agents and disinfectants are produced by the reaction of solid granular quicklime with a gaseous mixture of dichlorine monoxide and an inert gas. The process takes place in the absence of a solvent and produces dry, free-flowing Ca(OCl).sub.2 compositions.

Abstract: A selective process wherein toluene diisocyanate distillation residue is converted from a viscous liquid into an inert, granular solid by treatment with an organic acid.This invention relates to the treatment and processing of the distillation residue which is obtained in the production of toluene diisocyanate. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for converting this residue into an inert, non-toxic and easy-to-handle granular solid.Toluene diisocyanate is produced on a large commercial scale by a process which comprises reacting toluene diamine with excess phosgene usually in the presence of an organic solvent medium. An illustrative process is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,287,387. Along with toluene diisocyanate, the phosgenation product mixture usually comprises unreacted phosgene, solvent, hydrogen chloride by-product, and a relatively substantial proportion of side reaction products in the form of residual and high-boiling materials.

Abstract: A highly conductive and corrosion resistant low hydrogen overvoltage cathode. The cathode comprises a copper substrate plated with an alloy of nickel, vanadium, and molybdenum.

Abstract: A method and composition are described for the decomposition of sodium-mercury amalgam in a reactor containing solid packing particles to form hydrogen, sodium hydroxide, and denuded mercury. The novel packing particles are comprised of a heterogeneous solid mixture of a matrix of a thermally stable polymer having embedded therein discrete particles of a surface active composition. Suitable thermally stable polymers include polyphenylene sulfide and suitable surface active compositions include carbon, iron, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, and molybdenum. The proportion of the polymer in the packing generally ranges from about 20 to about 80 percent by volume. Preferably, the matrix is prepared in porous form which may also be coated with a surface active metal.

Abstract: A masonry anchor including a sleeve having one or more protuberances extruded from its sidewall, said sleeve being annealed to a hardness not to exceed a Brinell hardness number of 230 so as to allow said protuberances to deform into a flattened state to increase the overall holding power of said anchor.

Abstract: An electrode assembly is disclosed which includes a common electrode riser and two opposed working faces. A movable, electrically conductive, downwardly opening gas baffle is provided between the faces to connect the faces to the riser and to bias the faces away from one another. The baffle also directs flow of electrically produced gases between the faces from an upward to a primarily sideways direction parallel to said faces. A diaphragm can surround the electrode assembly, if desired.A method of assembling a diaphragm-type electrolytic cell is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved process is described for preparing defluorinated phosphate rock from fluorine-containing phosphate rock which contains acid insoluble impurities in excess of about 6 percent by weight. The improvement is particularly useful in the fluidized bed technique for preparing defluorinated phosphate rock wherein fluorine-containing phosphate rock, a sodium compound such as sodium carbonate, phosphoric acid and water are admixed to form granules. The resulting granules are dried and heated in a fluidized bed calciner at a temperature within the range of from about 980.degree. to about 1,350.degree. C to evolve sufficient fluorine to produce defluorinated phosphate rock graules having less than 1 part of fluorine per 100 parts of phosphorus by weight. The resulting defluorinated granules are colled and stored for use as an animal feed which contains at least 18 percent by weight of phosphorus.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of perfluoroalkyl-substituted heterocyclic compounds wherein perfluoroalkyl bromide is reacted with the heterocyclic substrate in a vapor phase under anhydrous conditions at temperatures from about 300.degree. C to about 800.degree. C in the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst selected from the group of iodine or an iodine generating compound.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for electrically perforating a moving web such as paper, film and the like by passing the web between at least one electrically charged electrode and a ground electrode in a perforating unit, the charged electrode comprising a member adapted to rotate in a direction parallel to the direction of the moving web and connected to an intermittent high voltage source and the ground electrode comprising means adapted to move in a direction at right angles to the direction of rotation of the charged electrode.

Abstract: A heat exchange panel possessing a system of internal fluid passageways defining at least two longitdudinally extended headers extending substantially the length of the panel, a connecting header located at one end of the panel in a direction transverse to the longitudinally extended headers and interconnecting same, a plurality of connecting portions of said passageways extending transversely between the respective longitudinally extended headers, and fluid exit and entry portions extending longitudinally from at least two of said headers. The configuration of the headers serves to reduce pressure drop while maintaining uniformity of fluid flow under high velocity, and renders the panel eminently suitable for solar energy applications.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions containing mixtures of sodium dithionite and sodium sulfite having concentrations of greater than 13 percent by weight of Na.sub.2 S.sub.2 O.sub.4 are stabilized by adding potassium hydroxide in an amount which is sufficient to provide a residual of from about 1 to about 12 grams per liter of solution. These solutions can be stored at temperatures of from about 0.degree. to about 15.degree. C. without crystallization taking place.

Abstract: A device for dispensing solid into a liquid medium. The device utilizes a funnel with a vortical stream therein for feeding solids into a reaction zone. A portion of the contents of the reaction zone are recycled to supply the fluid for the vortical stream. The device finds particular use in dispersing dry particulate blends of isocyanuric acid and trichloroisocyanuric acid into a reaction slurry.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for adjusting the space between an adjustable anode and a cathode in an electrolytic cell wherein current measurements and voltage measurements are obtained for conductors to the anode sets and compared with predetermined standards for the same conductors and anode sets. Measurement of deviation from the predetermined standards are used to determine the direction of anode adjustment. A digital computer operably connected to motor drive means adapted to raise or lower anode sets upon appropriate electric signals from the computer is a preferred embodiment of this invention.

Abstract: A novel glycol and silicate-based surfactant composition is prepared by (a) obtaining a silicate-based component by a selective process involving (i) reaction of silicon tetrahalide with water and alcohol followed by (ii) transesterification with a polyether alcohol, and (b) subsequently combining the silicate-based component with glycols and/or polyglycol ethers. The resulting surfactant composition is utilized as a stabilizer in the production of polyurethane foam.

Abstract: Corrosion inhibiting compositions are described which contain a hydrazine compound, an organometallic complex and preferably a quinone compound. The organometallic complex is the reaction product of a cobaltous or manganous hydroxide and one or more aromatic ligands containing at least two hydroxy functional groups, or at least one amino and one hydroxy group, in the ortho position with respect to one another. The quinone compound is preferably added to these compositions in order to render the compositions compatible with chelating phosphonate scale control agents. The use of these compositions as oxygen scavengers in corrosive environments is also described.