Abstract: In one exemplary embodiment, a method comprises transmitting an optical signal via the optical line, measuring a relative change in spectral intensity of the optical signal near a clock frequency (or half of that frequency) while varying a polarization of the optical signal between a first state of polarization and a second state of polarization, and using the relative change in spectral intensity of the optical signal to determine and correct the DGD of the optical line. Another method comprises splitting an optical signal traveling through the optical line into a first and second portions having a first and second principal states of polarization of the optical line, converting the first and second portions into a first and second electrical signals, delaying the second electrical signal to create a delayed electrical signal that compensates for a DGD of the optical line, and combining the delayed electrical signal with the first electrical signal to produce a fixed output electrical signal.

Abstract: A display system includes a coherent light source that can emit a coherent light beam, a de-speckling device configured to distort a wavefront of the coherent light beam to produce a distorted coherent light beam, and a two-dimensional array of light modulators that can selectively modulate the distorted coherent light beam to select a plurality of pixels for display.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing an electro-optic device having at least one optically transparent conducting layer with low electrical resistance. The method includes providing a composite substrate that includes an optically transparent and electrically insulating base substrate and an electrically conducting grid disposed in grooves located in the base substrate. Also provided is an electro-optical module having at least one transparent conducting layer. The composite substrate is attached onto the electro-optic module such that electrical contact is established between the grid and the transparent conducting layer of the electro-optic module.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is disclosed. The method comprises: applying a sensing layer with variation in a secondary attribute according to heat, on a handle wafer; patterning the sensing layer, thus forming a cavity; forming a sensing part pattern having a beam structure in the cavity; forming a light-absorbing layer for converting energy of incident photons into heat, along the sensing part pattern; turning the entire structure over, removing the handle wafer, and thus exposing a rear portion of the sensing part pattern; and forming an additional light-absorbing layer on a rear portion of the light-absorbing layer formed on the sensing part pattern, thereby forming a sensing structure part having a beam structure.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer program products, for reducing artifacts in a color sequential display system. A frame of a digital image is displayed by receiving frame data, determining dither patterns, applying the dither patterns to the data, and displaying the dithered data. Each pixel of a frame of a digital image is displayed by receiving pixel data, grouping the pixel data for the color channels of the image into a plurality of sub-groups of pixel data; and displaying the pixel according to a sequence that separates each pair of sub-groups for a color channel by a sub-group for another color channel. Modified pixel data can be generated by replacing parent bits in the pixel data with corresponding pluralities of divided child bits, where all the child bits for a given parent bit have a divided weight that adds up to the parent bit's weight.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a circuit protection unit providing over-current protection to a main circuit and including a series connection of first and second current limiting circuits, and a normally-open branch circuit coupled in parallel to the first current limiting circuit and operable to conduct when a voltage across the first current limiting circuit reaches a first predetermined threshold voltage not greater than an endure voltage of the first current limiting circuit. Prior to conduction of the branch circuit, the first current limiting circuit maintains a current flowing therethrough at a first limit value when a current flowing through the main circuit reaches the first limit value. Upon conduction of the branch circuit, the second current limiting circuit maintains a current flowing therethrough at a second limit value greater than the first limit value when the current flowing through the main circuit reaches the second limit value.

Abstract: Novel structures of the photodetector having broad spectral ranges detection capability are provided. The photodetector offers high quantum efficiency>95% over wide spectral ranges, high frequency response>10 GHz (@3 dB). The photodiode array of N×N (or M×N) elements is also provided. The array also offers wide spectral detection ranges ultraviolet to 2500 nm with high quantum efficiency>95% and high frequency response of >10 GHz, cross-talk of <0.1%. In the array, each photodiode is independently addressable and is made either as top-illuminated or as bottom illuminated type detector. The photodiode and its array provided in this invention, could be used in multiple purpose applications such as telecommunication, imaging, and sensing applications including surveillance, satellite tracking, advanced lidar systems, etc. The advantages of this photodetectors are that they are uncooled and performance will not be degraded under wide range of temperature variation.

Abstract: A mirror drive mechanism for a tilting mirror is controlled using feedback from one or more interferometric angular sensors. The wavelength of an optical beam is varied as it is fed into an interferometric angular sensor. The wavelength at which the resulting interference pattern is measured to be at a minimum intensity is determined. This wavelength is used to determine a distance quantity representative of the angular position of the mirror.

Abstract: Output pulses from an optical system having a seed source and an optical amplifier coupled to the seed source may be controlled by controlling a power of a seed signal from the seed source. The seed signal may be varied between a minimum value and a maximum value in a way that the seed signal exhibits one or more pulse bursts. Each pulse burst may contain one or more pulses. During an inter-pulse period between successive pulses within a pulse burst or between successive pulse bursts, the power of the seed signal may be adjusted to an intermediate value that is greater than the minimum value and less than the maximum value. The intermediate value is chosen to control a gain in the optical amplifier such that a pulse or pulse burst that follows the period exhibits a desired behavior.

Abstract: An acquisition, pointing and tracking system for free space optical communications systems performs the pointing and tracking function internally by way of translating an internal optical fiber in the focal plane of the transceiver telescope with a reflecting mirror in the telescope focal plane of each linked transceiver. The beam reflected from the mirror records the exact direction of the reflected beam at the transmitting beam's transceiver terminal, providing the transmitting source to lock on to the receiving telescope, allowing for the link to be acquired.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an encapsulated ?? particle emitter that comprises a sol-gel derived core that comprises a ??-emitting radioisotope and an encapsulant enclosing the core through which at least some of the ?? emissions from the ??-emitting radioisotope pass, wherein the encapsulant comprises a substrate and a cover and at least a portion of the encapsulant is electrically conductive, and a method for making the same. Additionally, the present invention is directed to a capacitor comprising such an encapsulated ?? particle emitter and a method of performing work with such a capacitor.

Abstract: A display system includes a coherent light source that can emit a coherent light beam, a de-speckling device configured to distort a wavefront of the coherent light beam to produce a distorted coherent light beam, and a two-dimensional array of light modulators that can selectively modulate the distorted coherent light beam to select a plurality of pixels for display.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides a hyperpolarizable organic chromophore. The chromophore is a nonlinear optically active compound that includes a ?-donor conjugated to a ?-acceptor through a ?-electron conjugated bridge. In other aspects of the invention, donor structures and acceptor structures are provided. In another aspect of the invention, a chromophore-containing polymer is provided. In one embodiment, the chromophore is physically incorporated into the polymer to provide a composite. In another embodiment, the chromophore is covalently bonded to the polymer, either as a side chain polymer or through crosslinking into the polymer. In other aspects, the present invention also provides a method for making the chromophore, a method for making the chromophore-containing polymer, and methods for using the chromophore and chromophore-containing polymer.

Abstract: A laser glass fiber with a core of the fiber composition, comprising a silicate glass host, one or more glass network modifiers, one or more glass network intermediators, and Thulium ions, Holmium ions, or a combination of Thulium ions and Holmium ions. The fiber emits laser light from 1.7 micron to 2.2 micron.

Abstract: Optical devices for guiding illumination are provided each having a body of optical material with staircase or acutely angled ramp structures on its top surface for distributing light inputted from one end of the device from the front exit faces of such structures along certain angular orientations, while at least a substantial portion of the light is totally internally reflected within the body until distributed from such front exit faces. Optical devices are also provided each have a body of optical material having a bottom surface with acutely angled ramp structures and falling structures which alternate with each other, such that light is totally internally reflected within the device until reflected by such ramp structures along the bottom surface to exit the top surface of the device or transmitted through the ramp structures to an adjacent falling structure back into the device.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a thin-film photovoltaic device. The method includes forming on a substrate a first thin-film absorber layer using a first deposition process. A second thin-film absorber layer is formed on the first thin-film absorber layer using a second deposition process different from the first deposition process. The first and second thin-film absorber layers are each photovoltaically active regions and the second thin-film absorber layer has a smaller concentration of defects than the first thin-film absorber layer.

Abstract: A hybrid photovoltaic device comprising a plurality of nanostructures embedded in a matrix of a photosensitive material including one or more layers. A combination of innovative structural aspects of the hybrid photovoltaic device results in significant improvements in collection of incident light from the solar spectrum, better absorption of light, and better collection of the photo-carriers generated in response to the incident light, thereby improving efficiency of the hybrid photovoltaic device.

Abstract: Novel structures of the photodetector having broad spectral ranges detection capability are provided. The photodetector offers high quantum efficiency>95% over wide spectral ranges, high frequency response>10 GHz (@3 dB). The photodiode array of N×N (or M×N) elements is also provided. The array also offers wide spectral detection ranges ultraviolet to 2500 nm with high quantum efficiency>95% and high frequency response of >10 GHz, cross-talk of <0.1%. In the array, each photodiode is independently addressable and is made either as top-illuminated or as bottom illuminated type detector. The photodiode and its array provided in this invention, could be used in multiple purpose applications such as telecommunication, imaging, and sensing applications including surveillance, satellite tracking, advanced lidar systems, etc. The advantages of this photodetectors are that they are uncooled and performance will not be degraded under wide range of temperature variation.

Abstract: The apparatus and methods herein provide quantitatively controllable light sources and expanded dynamic range endoscopy systems that can improve the quality of images and the ability of users to distinguish desired features when viewing tissues by providing methods and apparatus that improve the dynamic range of images from endoscopes, in particular for example with endoscopes that have dynamic range limited because of small image sensors and small pixel electron well capacity, and other optical system constraints. The apparatus and methods herein, for example, combine light sources with quantitatively variable spectral output and quantitatively variable wavelength dependent intensity distribution with image sensors and controllers to create an expanded dynamic range endoscopy system.

Abstract: The invention describes an integrated-photonics arrangement, implementable in a multi-guide vertical integration (MGVI) structure composed from III-V semiconductors and grown in one epitaxial growth run, allowing for the integration of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and PIN photodetector (PIN) structures within a common wavelength-designated waveguide of the plurality of the vertically integrated wavelength-designated waveguides forming the MGVI structure. The integration includes a wavelength filter integrated between the SOA and PIN to reduce noise within the PIN arising from ASE generated by the SOA. In exemplary embodiments of the invention, the wavelength filter is integrated into MGVI structure either within a common wavelength designated waveguide or within the wavelength-designated waveguide.