Abstract: A headlight for a motor vehicle includes a bulb holder carrying a bulb, and a reflector of thermosetting plastics, which is releasably connectable to the bulb holder by a bayonet-type lock. A clamping ring mounted on the bulb holder effects a bayonet-type connection between the bulb and the bulb holder.

Abstract: An electronic control system for fuel injection of a diesel engine includes a field of characteristics for a smoke discharge limiter which is controlled either by a field of correction characteristics of charging air pressure in dependency on signals derived from sensors of operational parameters of the engine, or alternatively by a simulation unit operating without the use of sensors. The decision whether or not the control and/or regulation of the diesel engine is to be made in dependency on sensors is made by an evaluation circuit which evaluates operational condition of the engine, for example by means of a plausibility interrogation.

Abstract: To prevent spinning of wheels in all-wheel vehicles, a traction control system is used which, in its simplest form, may use existing wheel speed sensors. If any one, or more, or all of the wheel speed sensors provide output signals representative of spinning of a wheel, for example by providing output signals representative of a substantially higher speed than other wheels, or higher than a reference--indicating that all wheels are spinning--an output signal is generated by the electronic control unit (6) which, in turn, controls application of the wheel brake to the respective wheel, thus preventing its spinning. Spinning of any one wheel, of course, causes loss of traction at another one due to the effect of the normally interposed differentials (4, 5, 3a).

Abstract: A nozzle holder for internal combustion engines is proposed, in which a sleeve can be secured in the cylinder head by means of a tightening nut. The sleeve protects the portion of the nozzle which protrudes into the combustion chamber from thermal effects. Ease of serviceability is attained in that when the nozzle holder is rotated out of the cylinder head, the sleeve is simultaneously removed, without requiring additional hand operations.

Abstract: A dipole antenna for a portable radio is contained completely within the insulated housing (10) of the transceiver. The dipole antenna is formed as two conductive surfaces (12, 13) electrically isolated from each other but disposed on the same printed circuit board (11) of the transceiver circuit which supports the circuit modules (14, 15). The two dipole halves are connected to each other by means of a dipole tuning circuit (29). The conductive tracks (23, 26, 27) of the transceiver circuit are interrupted at a location which divides as few tracks as possible. The interrupted tracks are bridged together by high-impedance resistors (22).

Abstract: To permit ready change of information on information carriers applied to workpieces which travel along a production line, for example to control further operating, machining or assembly steps, non-contacting sensors, typically inductive elements generating an electromagnetic field, transfer to a pick-up coil on the information carrier binary data. The information carrier includes a non-volatile permanent memory (ROM 25, 41) containing data characterizing the particular workpiece carrier or workpiece thereon, and a re-programmable, preferably non-volatile memory (RAM 27, 42) which contains added at the various operating stations to characterize operations, dimensions and the like of the respective workpiece and/or subsequent operations to be performed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for determining the mass rate of flow of a flowing medium, especially the mass rate of flow of air required in the combustion process of an internal combustion engine. The arrangement of the invention includes at least two temperature-dependent resistors which are placed directly in the flowing medium. The arrangement further includes two actively operated bridge connected to respective operational amplifiers. By means of a simple arithmetic coupling of the values of both bridge currents, an output signal is obtained which uniquely serves as an indication of the mass rate of flow and is independent of the temperature of the flowing medium. The condition that the two temperature-dependent resistors are operated at constant temperature independently of the temperature of the flowing medium permits further improvements to be realized.

Abstract: A temperature-dependent measuring resistor layer is applied to a first carrier, the temperature and/or resistance of which layer is regulated in accordance with the mass of the medium. The first carrier is approximately rectangular and in particular is disposed parallel to the flow direction in a convergent section of the flow cross section. In a parallel section of the flow cross section, a second carrier having a compensating resistor is disposed, which likewise has a rectangular cross section and in particular extends parallel to the flow direction. An arrangement of this kind not only avoids deposits on the end face of the first carrier pointing into the flow but also prevents the result of measurement at the measuring resistor layer from being affected by the position of the second carrier in the flow cross section.

Abstract: To provide an unyielding support surface for a film-type, typically thick-film resistor (10) made of pressure-responsive resistance material, an unyielding pressure-tight mass of insulating material, for example a melt of glass, ceramic, or suitable plastic, is introduced into a wall portion of a wall element (11) in which a fluid pressure medium, such as high-pressure fluid for injection to a Diesel engine, is retained. The insulating mass is, preferably, formed as a plug element, for example retained within a metal screw which, simultaneously, can form a venting screw for the fuel injection system. One or two electrical conductors (12, 13) pass through the plug element, which if a metal screw, surrounds the insulating mass, the resistance element can extend over the edge of the metal which, then, can form a ground or return connection.

Abstract: Two magnetic valves, one of which reduces the pressure and the other one of which increases the pressure by which the displacement of a positioning member is controlled, only one of them operated at a time in accordance to the sign of the error signal, are operated in a pulsed mode with variable pulse width when the error signal is within a range of low absolute value and in a continuous mode of operation when the error signal has a higher absolute value. Variation of the magnitude of the error signal within the intermittent valve operation range controls pulse width variation. Hysteresis is provided in a transition between operating modes of a valve by a time delay of the mode change after the error signal has risen or fallen past a threshold value of signal. High displacement resolution is obtained as well as independence from effect of temperature drifts and magnetic valve characteristics.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump is proposed for internal combustion engines having a pump piston having a blind bore and two control bores and in which the fuel quantity to be supplied is controlled by means of a control slide having oblique control edges. At least two control edges are provided in a window-like recess of the control slide, of which the lower edge in each case and possibly the upper one as well extend obliquely; the upper control edge provided in the recess determines the supply onset, in cooperation with the first control bore, and the lower control edge of the recess determines the end of supply, in cooperation with the second control bore.

Abstract: A safety device for a controlling unit of an internal combustion engine controlled by a microcomputer includes the following circuits: (a) a source of stabilized voltage which may be subject to fluctuations; (b) a first monitoring circuit responsive to voltage breaks in the voltage source to block the controlling unit for the duration of respective voltage breaks; (c) a second monitoring circuit responsive to the operability of the microcomputer to block the controlling unit for the duration of the resetting time of the microcomputer when a non-operative condition of the microcomputer is detected.

Abstract: To reduce the engagement force of a multi-terminal plug-and-socket connection, for example having fifty connecting terminals, and reliably positioning the plugs and sockets with respect to each other even upon being subjected to vibration and shock, a handle (13) is provided which is pivoted to the plug element (8, 9) and connected to the plug element by an angled lever (14, 17), the pivot connection (15) being at the end of the angled lever, and, adjacent the apex of the angle of the angled lever, a bolt is located which is operable in a guide track (21), formed as a slit in an upstanding side wall (19) of the socket element (2), the slit being formed with a terminal opening (22) to permit release of the guide bolt (18) from the slit (21) when the handle (13) is raised (chain-dotted position) and consequent disengagement of the plug (8) from the socket (2) by unhooking a pair of interengaging hooks (5, 12) located at the end of the plug-socket connection remote from the handle (13).

Abstract: A centrifugal speed governor, functioning as a minimum-maximum-speed governor, includes an adjusting member which is pivotable for adjusting the supply quantity, and the governor rod of the associated injection pump is adjustable via an intermediate lever by means of the adjusting member and a governor spring which is displaceable counter to the force of associated governor springs. The travel of the governor rod is limited in the direction of an increasing supply quantity by a governor rod stop including a starting spring. With the adjusting member resting on an end stop, the governor rod is pressed away from a basic test position (P) into its full-load position (V), and the differential travel (.DELTA.R) thereby resulting is absorbed by an accumulator in the governor linkage, preferably in the governor sleeve. The deflection stroke (A) of the accumulator is only slightly longer than that required to compensate for the differential travel (.DELTA.R).

Abstract: The output signal of a television pickup tube is caused to appear in a carrier frequency range above the video frequency baseband without the interposition of preliminary baseband transmission. This is done by modulation at carrier frequency by any of a variety of methods that chops or modulates the signal as it is formed, at a frequency which should be in the neighborhood of 16 MHz for a video bandwidth of 5 MHz. The modulation may be done by breaking up the picture on the pickup electrode by an optical grid or similarly interposing a grid which interrupts the scanning beam that scans the electrode, in which cases the modulating frequency is related to the scanning rate. Electronic modulation of the beam can also be applied to a suitable part of the electron gun structure or to a special modulating control electrode.

Abstract: A semiconductor rectifier which is embodied substantially in a rotationally symmetrical manner is proposed. The semiconductor rectifier includes a semiconductor chip (10) and two connector leads (11, 12), each of which is soldered to one of the two main surfaces of the semiconductor chip (10). The first lead (11) forms a bolt-like, solid metal base, which comprises a first part (11a) soldered to the semiconductor chip (10) and a second part (11b) provided with knurling. The second lead (12) is embodied as a head wire and the head portion (12a) of this head wire is soldered to the semiconductor chip (10). A synthetic resin mass (13) is furthermore provided, which covers the rim of the semiconductor chip (10), the first part (11a) of the first lead (11) and portions of the second lead (12). The second part (11b) of the first lead (11) is pressed into a cooling plate (14) serving to cool the rectifier.

Abstract: A brake system for combinations of vehicles in which a truck tractor and/or trailer (semi-trailer) is or are equipped with a supplementary electrical brake system. By the particular embodiment of the brake system, it is possible to couple a truck tractor, with or without an electrical brake system, to a trailer, with or without an electrical brake system, without infringing safety regulations.

Abstract: To prevent oscillation of a wheel being intermittently braked in an anti-slip or anti wheel block system, an increase of braking pressure, after a prior decrease, is controlled to occur during a first time interval which is short with respect to an oscillation period of the wheel if subjected to brake pressure pulses, so that the braking pressure increase will be small or short, e.g. about 3 milliseconds, comparable to stepped pressure increases after an initial wheel deceleration and permitted re-acceleration, the pressure then being maintained at an even level for an interval (T.sub.3) which, likewise, is short with respect to the intervals (T.sub.0, T.sub.4) between stepped increases. The respective time intervals can be controlled by individual, special pulse generators, or by suitable programming of microprocessor elements.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pharmaceutically effective agent and method of use, comprising ancrod which has been incubated with neuraminidase. The neuraminidase-treated ancrod (NTA) can be substituted for ancrod in ancrod therapy, when immunological resistance to the latter has become manifest. Conversely, NTA can be administered initially, and ancrod substituted therefor after NTA resistance becomes manifest.

Abstract: A system for providing the effect of an extended soundstage comprises a pair of stereophonic loudspeakers, each having a movable or vibrational element driven by a pair of voice coils including a principal or main voice coil and an auxiliary or enhancement voice coil. The principal voice coil of each speaker is driven in a customary manner from one channel of a stereophonic amplifier, while the enhancement voice coil is driven in a reversed phase sense from the output of the opposite channel, and sound is effectively provided over an extended apparent source having dimensions beyond the spacing between the loudspeakers.