Abstract: Data is transmitted asynchronously between a master and a slave microprocessor unit by first converting the number representing the word or part thereof to be transmitted into a time interval, transmitting a pulse having a width corresponding to the time interval and, at the receiver, reconverting the pulse width (time interval) to a number. Conversion and reconversion can be accomplished by, respectively, down counting a counter with a fixed frequency from the number constituting the word to be transmitted and up-counting a counter during the received pulse width at the same frequency.

Abstract: A track recording support for recording devices is suggested with a support (10) made of paper or plastic on which a metallic coating (12) is mounted by means of evaporation and being able to be burned off by means of recording electrodes, in particular an aluminum coating. A lubricant in a finely dispersed form is added to contrast coating (11) for reducing of scratching and grinding traces on the surface of metal coating (12) which reaches metal coating (12) and the freely exposed surface thereof by means of diffusion. Preferably, the lubricant is fed to the contrast substance in a powdery form before the processing of the same. On the one hand, it acts in a physical point of view by a reduction of the slide friction on the surface and, on the other hand, in a chemical point of view in that it substantially prevents the build up of combustion residues from the contrast layer on the recording electrodes.

Abstract: A brake force regulating system for motor vehicles has a brake pedal, a brake regulator and transducers for ascertaining driving-situation variables which act upon the brake regulator. A desired value (Z.sub.s) of the deceleration (Z) of the motor vehicle is prespecified by the brake pedal; the actual value is ascertained; and the brake regulator is regulated by the deviation between the desired value and the actual value. Furthermore a regulation is provided in accordance with the slip between the road surface and the wheel.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is proposed which serves to supply fuel to an internal combustion engine. The fuel injection system includes a metering and quantity distributing valve connected with regulating valves, which can be acted upon by the fuel pressure in a differential pressure control line. Communicating with a fuel supply line are a pressure limiting valve and a switch member, the latter having a switch diaphragm which is displaceable into a return flow chamber by the fuel pressure counter to a switch spring and a closing spring. Upon this displacement, via a tappet, a spring plate resting on the switch diaphragm opens a sealing valve, which rests at the mouth of an outflow line, which via a control throttle leads to the differential pressure control line. The pressure limiting valve is located upstream of the sealing valve. The return flow chamber is arranged to communicate with the fuel container via a return flow line.

Abstract: A headlamp emitting dimmed or antidazzle light beam for motor vehicles, includes a paraboloid reflector including a transversely arranged coiled heating filament and a transparent grooved disc for diffusing or refracting light emitted by the reflector. The light means include eight light refracting fields arranged in diametrically opposed parts. Light rays passing through these fields are emitted from predetermined zones on the reflector so as to produce an improved light distribution of the low beam.

Abstract: To increase the heat capacity of a heat sink and heat dissipating structure combined with an electrical component, typically a transistor, for example of the TO 220 or SOT 93 type, a heat transferring base plate (3), with the interposition of an insulating, heat conducting foil (6), engages one flat surface of the element (11), and a second heat transferring element (17) is provided, pressed by a spring (24) against the other major surface, or a portion of the component (11). A plastic holder (7) is provided, attached to the base plate (3) for example by snap-in hooks (8), formed with openings to receive the component, and position the component against the base plate while, also, being formed with abutments to position the second heat transferring element which, for example, is block or plate-like.

Abstract: A speed governor for fuel injection pumps is proposed having a guide shaft guided in a cam plate to serve as the pivot shaft for a governor lever connecting an adjusting member and a supply quantity control member. The guide shaft is adjustable and guided appropriately by means of an adjusting lever so far as to form a variable-speed governor adapted to varying the full-load and maximum rpm. The cam plate is adjustable by a device by means of an operating parameter acting independently of the speed governor, for instance, the engagement of a cruising or overdrive gear in a manual transmission. Upon rotation of the cam plate, the guide shaft is displaced by a movement-coupling member into a position in which a minimum idling rpm is assured.

Abstract: The sensor is particularly suitable to determine movement between a ground vehicle or aircraft over a ground surface, and a portion of the reference surface (10) is imaged on a grid plane (12, 30, 40) which, in accordance with the invention, is formed as a photo-sensitive transducer, for example a plurality of photo-sensitive diodes formed on a single chip and suitably connected in a grid or matrix pattern, made, for example, by a planar process by monolithic integration. Correlation-optical measurement of relative movement thus is simplified, and precise grid structures can be readily made, the output signals from the individual photo-sensitive junctions being summed and, if interdigited grid structures are used, the so summed signals can then be subtracted from each other to eliminate ambient light, or slowly varying low-frequency components and derive only a movement signal.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump is proposed in which the fuel metering takes place during the intake stroke of the pump pistons via a fuel supply line in which a switching valve is mounted, which is opened upon the onset of the intake stroke of the pump pistons, closes in the course of this intake stroke and with this closing point also determines the injection onset upon the ensuing supply stroke of the pump pistons. The quantity of fuel to be injected is then limited by means of a pump-guided control edge, which is disposed on an annular slide provided on a free end of the distributor of the fuel injection pump; when a first control opening on the distributor which communicates with the pump work chamber coincides with a second control opening on the annular slide, the pump work chamber is relieved. The diversion or gradual shutoff point is controlled in the course of the compression stroke movement of the pump pistons by means of the relative rotation of the working point of the second control opening.

Abstract: An apparatus for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having an injection nozzle and following the injection nozzle a partition (12, 23, 29) which is provided with through openings (13) for the injection streams and is embodied as a guide device for a partial flow of combustion air, which flow is accelerated by the injector action of the fuel streams in the through openings (13). A device (26, 24, 32) for preheating the partial flow of combustion air is also secured to the partition (12, 23, 29). In this apparatus, the partial flow of combustion air circulates virtually continuously through the partition (12, 23, 29) embodied as a guide device, and the acceleration caused by the injector action of the fuel streams increases with increasing engine rpm. This has the advantage that over the entire power and rpm range of the engine, a uniform course of combustion and a reduction of toxic emissions is attainable.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines, having an outwardly opening valve needle, which is connected with a piston upon which a damping cap is placed, which is supported on a shoulder integral with the housing. In the damping cap, a damping chamber is formed, which communicates via a throttle conduit with the flow path of the fuel. The diameter of the piston is smaller than the cross section enclosed by the valve seat, as a result of which an annular shoulder is attained, on which the unthrottled fuel pressure acts upon the valve needle in the opening direction. This disposition has the advantage that at lower rpm and smaller fuel quantities, the valve needle can be effectively braked even up to relatively long needle strokes, without the injection duration becoming overly long at higher rpm.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing carton blanks, erecting and transferring cartons to a conveyor apparatus which includes a magazine for cartons and a rotor with a plurality of radially offstanding suction units. To attain a high output with an apparatus which is simple in structure, the rotor is disposed on a pivotable arm. On each pivoting movement of the rotor during one operating cycle, a carton blank is removed from the magazine while simultaneously formed carton is inserted into the conveyor apparatus at a transfer station. A counterpart suction device, which is associated with a station between the magazine and the transfer station, erects the cartons and breaks them on themselves.

Abstract: Reduced base plate dimensions are provided for an electromagnetic relay of the kind having a flap type armature by disposing the core which carries a spool and the winding therein perpendicular to the base plate with its free end spaced from the base plate sufficiently for the armature to swing between the free end of the core and the base plate, while being hinged in a seat at one end of the armature provided in the magnet yoke. Support for the magnetic system of the relay, which like the base plate assembly is a preassembled unit is provided by anchoring portions (29) of the magnet yoke which lie against the armature seat and are so set in the base plate when the two subassemblies are put together, that the free end of the core is in the position described. A leaf spring carrying the switch contact as an aperture stamped out in it for centering the armature. The switching path connections are very short and various details are provided to simplify assembly and adjustment of the relay in mass production.

Abstract: Device for fuel injection in combustion chambers of, in particular, selfigniting combustion engines with an injection nozzle (10) and a subsequently switched incandescent wire (20) which has a conduit (30) surrounded by a double heating layer (33) on the inside for passing through of the injection streams. The double heating layer (33) consists of an inner heating layer (35) which is separated from a second heating layer (37) by an electrical insulator. In the parallel as well as the series switching of the two heating layers (35,37), a two stage heating of the double heating layer (33) is possible. The inner heating layer (35) reaches the required end temperature required for ignition in a relative short time, while the second heating layer (37) assures a high energy density of the ceramic support mass (38).

Abstract: To sense proper operation of a servo control loop including a fuel control pedal (1) which operates a command control transducer (2), e.g. a potentiometer coupled thereto, to provide a command signal to a controller (3) which energizes an amplifier (4) operating a positioning motor (5) which, in turn, changes the position of a fuel control element (7, 207), the instantaneous position of which is fed back to the controller by a position control transducer (6), a signal processing and logic circuit (9, 13) is provided which has the actual fuel supply signal applied thereto. The actual fuel supply signal is evaluated with respect to predetermined limits, for example at a "rest" or OFF position of the fuel control element. This condition can be sensed, for example, based on operating data of the engine, e.g. when a brake light switch is operated, the engine operates above a certain speed, or the vehicle operates at a certain speed, or the like.

Abstract: A pressure-medium brake system, which comprises multiple circuits and has associated with each brake cylinder or group of brake cylinders relay valves which are controllable by a control medium. Depending on the number of brake circuits and the kind of the respective control medium, the relay valves are provided with several, possibly different, control chambers. This results in an overlapping control which insures that each relay valve can even be controlled in the event that a control circuit has been lost. The brake system is preferably used in utility vehicles equipped with air brakes.

Abstract: A method of and a device for regulating air-fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine includes an oxygen or lambda probe and a signal processing unit connected to the lambda probe. The change-overs of the lambda signal at the output of the lambda probe are compared with a succession of adjustable first time intervals t.sub.1 and, when no change-over is detected during the first time interval, the output signal from the signal processing unit which controls the air-fuel ratio is abruptly changed in a jump. To avoid overshoot of the output control signal, there is provided a resetting unit by means of which the jump of the control signal is reversed when the change-over of the lambda signal occurs in an additional monitoring time interval t.sub.2 following the first monitoring time interval t.sub.1.

Abstract: A contact rod (19) carrying the contact bridge (25) for the starting current contacts of an engine starter circuit has, at its end inserted in the armature (15) of the solenoid a stop (21 and 23) against which the return spring (33) bears and which also serves to guide the switch rod within the armature. The return spring forces the component group, including the switch rod and the contact bridge, to move with the armature. This component group is readily assembled automatically in manufacture. After the excitation winding is deenergized, the armature, switch rod and contact bridge are moved back into the rest position by the full force of the return spring so that any sticking or welding of the contact bridge to the main current contacts is loosened, and damage therefrom prevented.

Abstract: A hydraulic dual-circuit tandem master brake cylinder intended for use in brake systems of motor vehicles is proposed, to which a closed brake circuit (I) and an open brake circuit (II), the latter reinforced by auxiliary pressure, are connected. In order to switch the control valve, the main brake cylinder has a foot-actuated push rod as an actuation member, with transmission of force via a control contour or a travel-limiting spring, and it furthermore has an auxiliary piston member near the pedal, this member having an effective surface for making the feedback of the brake pressure which has been established perceptible. In this manner, a small, compact master brake cylinder construction which is very favorable in price is created. It is furthermore of advantage that the pedal characteristic is designed optimally in terms of human engineering. The main cylinder can also be used at little expense for an anti-wheel-lock apparatus as well.

Abstract: An electromagnetic fuel injection valve and a process for the adjustment of the armature stroke (H) of the fuel injection valve is proposed, which serves to inject fuel under low pressure into the suction pipe of an internal combustion engine. The fuel injection valve surrounds an armature guided in a valve housing. This armature is tightly fastened to a movable valve section which cooperates with a fixed valve seat in a nozzle body supported in a nozzle carrier. The armature stroke can be adjusted in an assembled condition of the fuel injection valve by moving the nozzle body in an axial direction. For this the stroke (H.sub.eff) is measured by an odometrical system (distance sensing system) in the assembled condition of the fuel injection valve while the electromagnetic system is excited and the fixed valve seat provided on the nozzle body is displaced with the aid of a pressing tool by the difference between the measured stroke (H.sub.eff) and the desired armature stroke (H).