Abstract: To improve the noise suppression characteristics of an ignition system for an Otto-type internal combustion engine, radio noise suppression resistors (8, 18, 22) are molded into the distributor cap (25) and electrically connected, respectively, between the tower cable connectors (19, 21, 23) on the distributor cap and the respective distributor cap terminals, which may be the peripheral terminals (16, 17) or the center wiping or sliding terminal (9) for the distributor rotor. The distributor rotor then can have a single highly conductive electrical element as a center electrode, leading to the outside peripheral rotating distributor electrode (14), which is spaced from the fixed gap electrodes by a spacing of between 0.5 to 3 mm, preferably at least 2 mm. Preferred values for the noise suppression resistors are between 1 to 5 kilo ohms.

Abstract: An apparatus for shielding and protecting an air flow rate meter from air column fluctuations arising in an intake tube from the aspirating action of an internal combustion engine is proposed. The apparatus includes at least one elastic diaphragm disposed on the intake tube downstream in the vicinity of the air flow rate meter. The diaphragm divides a damping chamber communicating with the intake tube downstream of the air flow rate meter from the atmosphere and by its elasticity causes a virtually constant pressure to be maintained in the damping chamber.

Abstract: A protective element for a hand-held power tool with a rotary tool, such as a grinding disk, a circular saw, or the like, has a protective member with cut-outs having increased portions, an additional member connectable with the protective member, and connecting elements for connecting the additional member to the protective member and including a plurality of holding screws having heads extending through the increased portions of the cut-outs and engageable behind the protective member, wherein the increased portions have the shape of the plan view of the screw heads and are provided at the same end of the elongated cut-outs, and a locking projection is provided near at least one increased portion in the path of the screw head of the screw sliding in the respective cut-outs.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with novel techniques and circuit configurations for rendering high gain operational amplifiers and related differencing amplifiers adaptable for use with very low impedance signal sources to permit amplification of low-power signals with ultra-low noise, high D. C. stability, high gain, and wide frequency response, through development of the signal current as a very small increment on a much larger pre-existing current forced in opposite directions through an electronic switching device connected to such amplifier and producing minimal uncorrelated noise therein.

Abstract: A multi-circuit pressure medium brake system in which a pressure control valve is used which can be triggered in a multi-circuit manner. One of the controls is effected electrically and generally advances ahead of a pressure-medium control, so that when the system is functioning properly, the pressure-medium control remains without effect. Various modifications for the pressure control valve have been set forth and a plurality of combinations of switching members for meeting various pressure regulating conditions have been set forth. The multi-circuit pressure medium brake system is preferably applicable to motor vehicles.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines is disclosed, in which a profiled governor rod of a supply quantity adjusting member, the latter controlled by a final control element, is extended at its end toward the final control element out of the pump housing and is supported in a displaceable manner at the point where it emerges. For the sake of sealing the support point, a cylindrical slide bearing sheath is secured in the pump housing at the location where the governor rod emerges from the pump housing. A cylindrical governor rod guide means which is joined to the profiled governor rod and closes it off or surrounds it in a sealing manner is guided displaceably, with the least possible play, in the slide bearing sheath.

Abstract: A control unit (14, 60) controls the braking pressure (P) at the brakes or the wheels, at both right and left sides of an axle, in accordance with "select-low" and/or "select-high" mode. The system is improved by associating a pressure sensor responsive to braking pressure in at least one of the front wheels. The control unit (14, 60) is so arranged that, upon sensing a tendency to skid or block at the rear wheels (FIG. 3: t.sub.3), the pressure at the rear wheels is controlled to a lower level than that at which tendency to block had been sensed, and then a constant pressure maintenance phase is commanded at a predetermined pressure (P.sub.oHA) for an extended period of time (to t.sub.8), for example under control of a timing element (FIG. 2: 19) or until the pressure sensor determines that the braking pressure (P.sub.

Abstract: To eliminate the effect of hysteresis when electrical energy is supplied to an electromagnetic positioning element, for example to an electromagnetic valve, upon change in sign of the electrical energy which is provided from a previously occurring change, additional electrical energy is supplied if the change in energy is counter the direction of the magnetization curve. The extent of the additional energy may be at least as great as the gap between the ascending and descending branches of the hysteresis curves (H1, H2), or may be a quantity obtained by experience or measurement if the gap between the hysteresis curves is known or determinable. If the electromagnetic energy applied is in excess of that for reversal of magnetization, it may be applied for a period of time which is just long enough to permit remagnetization of a magnetic portion of the electromagnetic apparatus (11) but not long enough to cause change in a mechanical output thereof.

Abstract: An automatic flush cistern, and a device for actuating the flushing action of an automatic flush cistern whereby the cistern of a toilet or urinal is adapted to flush in response to the entry of a person into a predetermined area, such as the entry of a person through the entrance door of a public toilet, or at regular intervals during periods of infrequent use.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump in which for the purpose of controlling the injection quantity and in particular to determine the onset and end of injection, a hydraulically actuatable piston slide is provided, which controls a connection between the pump work chamber and a fuel supply line or the fuel supply container. The control is effected via two magnetic valves acting in opposite directions, by means of which two different, high control pressures acting upon the piston slide can be exerted. The control pressures are made available either with a single pressure control valve and by blocking off the relief of the supply side of the fuel supply pump, or else by means of two pressure control valves.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines, in which a damping piston is located on the end of the valve needle, which valve needle opens in the flow direction, remote from the injection side. The damping piston cooperates with a cap that is mounted on the damping piston and spring-loaded in the direction of opening, and the cap and the damping piston define a damping chamber. A support ring which is stressed in a positively engaged manner by the closing spring of the injection nozzle is disposed on the valve needle. In the spatial segment between the damping chamber and the support ring, an encapsulated induction coil attached to a tubular segment surrounds the valve needle, and the support ring serves as the armature of a transducer embodied by the injection coil and at least one part, serving as the yoke of the encapsulation.

Abstract: In a device for temperature responsive switching of overflow fuel quantities from a diesel fuel injection pump to a fuel supply tank or a filter of a fuel supply system a switching valve, arranged between the fuel injection pump and the tank, is actuated by a bimetallic element. Parallel to the switching valve is provided a throttle for continuous air venting. A pressure control valve with a low opening pressure is installed in the connection between the switching valve and the filter. The heated overflow fuel quantities are mixed with cool fuel from the tank and therefore the danger of clogging of the filter, which could be caused by paraffin separation, is substantially reduced.

Abstract: To provide for change in application of pressure rate, or pressure gradient, in a simplified control system, a group of shunt valves (36-39; 51, 52), which are normally open, are hydraulically connected in parallel to at least one of the brake fluid control valves (8-11; 43, 44, 45) which receive, hold, or drain pressurized brake fluid from main brake cylinders (2, 3) under command of an automatic braking system evaluation stage or unit (ABS) in accordance with sensed wheel speed, acceleration or deceleration, to apply additional pressurized brake fluid to the brake associated with the wheels. The brake fluid control valves (8-11; 43, 44, 45) include chokes, or have inherent choking action, in their hydraulic path which is bypassed by the shunt valves.

Abstract: A sensor for the variable underpressure in the intake manifold of an engine produces a digital output signal which is sampled at intervals of one half of the period of pressure variation or an odd multiple of such half period, as timed in synchronism with the crankshaft revolution in a phase relation designed to intercept maximum and minimum values of pressure. The two most recent samples are stored in a shift register and their difference is formed by digital subtraction, compensated for changes of sign in successive difference operations to provide an absolute difference value output. The latter is then provided to a threshold stage which provides an output signal if the difference value does not reach a predetermined threshold. The signal of the threshold stage is integrated before it is used to produce an alarm indication or a corrective control function.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for delivering liquid are disclosed for use in fuel burners or atomizers of the type which comprise a hollow atomizer bulb having a convex exterior surface which tapers toward a small aperture through which high pressure gas if forced to atomize liquid as it flows in a thin film over the bulb. To provide thinner films when lower atomization rates are desired and thicker films when higher atomization rates are desired, a feed tube is positioned above the atomizer bulb with its discharge opening oriented so that the vertical distance from its front edge to the surface of the bulb is from 1.5 to 2.0 times the vertical distance of its rear edge to the surface of the bulb. In another embodiment the discharge opening of the feed tube is elongated and has a major axis oriented transversely to the axis of the spray leaving the aperture.

Abstract: A coil sensor excited with alternating current and connected in a circuit for detecting changes in the coil impedance producing a signal exceeding a fixed threshold value in response to the revolution of a wheel with features providing periodic changes in the spacing between the coil and the wheel, has its periphery subdivided into zones where the surface material is alternately thereomagnetic and non-theromagnetic. With a suitable setting of the frequency of the exciting alternating current and a suitable choice of the materials with respect to their eddy current and magnetic induction effect on the inductance of the coil, it is possible to suppress the signal of once per revolution periodicity resulting from wheel eccentricity, bearing wobble or the like.

Abstract: A wiper device for wiping windshield panes of motor vehicles includes an oscillating blade driven in the direction transverse to the direction of its elongation and having a support with at least two pairs of end claws and an elastic rail having a wiper lip facing the pane being cleaned and held on the support by the end claws. Two end holding members are provided on the elastic rail which form stops cooperating with respective stop shoulders formed by the end faces of the claws to limit a longitudinal displacement of the rail and the wiper lip relative to the support. To permit the use of the same wiper element with the supports, the stop shoulders of which are positioned closer to each other, spacers are installed between the stops of the holding members and the stop shoulders of the support.

Abstract: A method of determination of a supply start in an injection pump, includes the steps of blocking an outlet of a pump element, for example, by a valve, supplying a testing medium into the pump element, and determining a supply start upon a pressure increase in the pump element when an upper edge of a pump piston closes a fuel inlet opening of the pump element.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines having a valve needle opening outward and connected with a piston which defines a damping chamber filled with fuel. Upon the opening stroke of the valve needle, the damping chamber communicates with the flow path of the fuel only via a throttling conduit. The damping chamber is formed in a cap, which is mounted upon the piston and centers itself on the piston. The cap is supported on the nozzle housing toward the side of the injection opening via a pre-stressed support spring, and the cap and the support spring are confined between stops attached to the housing. Therefore, the damping can be limited in a manner dependent on pressure or speed.

Abstract: A device for injecting fuel in combustion chambers, especially for self-igniting internal combustion engines, is proposed, in which a fuel injection nozzle, by aspirating air through an air guide device in the manner of a jet pump, generates a fuel spray that is surrounded by an air envelope. This air-enveloped fuel spray is directed through a heating element, the heat generation of which is distributed in such a manner over its length that a desired heating profile along the heating element is produced. The type of heating profile depends not only on the properties of the material making up the heating resistor but also on its structural makeup and its electrical bonding. A highly suitable material for the heating resistor is molybdenum silicide (MoSi.sub.2).