Abstract: The connection conductor leading from the connection end of a sensor element towards the end of the sensor remote from the gas to be measured is a metallic connection part (17) that is rigid against torsion and passes through the aperture (16) of the closure shell (14) where it is sealed by a bead-like element (41) having a tubular extension (48), beyond which the connection conductor has an axial internal connection surface for a cable (19). A sleeve (51) of yielding material (51) covers the adjoining ends of the cable and of the connecting conductor and an overlay shell (52) compresses the sleeve to make a tight seal, both around the cable and against the tubular end of the bead (41). The overlay shell snaps on to the tubular extension of the bead by interlocking annular sawtooth ridges.

Abstract: In a light wand assembly for bicycles, motorbikes, snowmobiles, wheelchairs or a person including a frame support member thereon, an electrical component case, a clamp on the case secured to the support member, an electrical power source, a socket arm upon the case, a tubular flagpole projected into the socket arm, the improvement which comprises a circuit board having a solid state printed circuit thereon positioned within the case and connected to the power source. The circuit includes a plurality of individually operable sequencer generating circuits, and an on/off sequencer selector control switch on the case for selective connection to any of the sequencer generating circuits. A transparent tubular light wand projects into the flagpole, and a series of longitudinally spaced bulbs are nested within the wand along its length.

Abstract: A skimming vessel is provided for collecting hydrocarbons or other floating materials, from the surface of a body of water. The floating vessel has an engine driving a prop and is provided with a skimming mode and a traveling mode. A dual skimmer system is provided for skimming the surface of a body of water for collecting hydrocarbons from the surface of the water. The surface of the water is skimmed to capture the floating hydrocarbons by drawing the water through the skimmer with the vessel drive propeller when the vessel is in its skimming mode and to block the passage of water through the skimmer when the vessel is in its travel mode, so that the vessel drive is used to improve the removal of hydrocarbons from the surface of the body of water. The vessel has a passageway or tunnel formed in the bottom thereof for the passage of water and has the prop mounted in the tunnel for drawing water through the tunnel to pull water into the skimming system.

Abstract: The air charge pressure sensor of the control system for a turbo supercharger of an internal combustion engine measures absolute charge pressure, but is used, in the idling condition of the engine, to measure atmospheric pressure, which is stored when the engine is idling for deriving the relative charge pressure for the control system.

Abstract: A switch (7) changes its position field by field so that the first field of each frame of digitized video signals may be processed differently from the second field. One field may be furnished directly to the switch and the other one through a line interpolator. In another embodiment, one field is subjected to a simpler line interpolator and the other to a line interpolator using two stages of one line delay. The line interpolators preserve some of the quality of the higher line count signal produced by a high definition camera. The signals passing through the switch (7) are distributed line by line alternately to storage units (M1) and (M2), where they are written in at a sampling rate determined in accordance with the invention. They are read out at a lower sampling rate field by field alternately from the two storage means, so that one field is read out while two fields are written in, each with the desired lower line count and desired line length to avoid geometrical distortion.

Abstract: To prevent slow reestablishment of operating conditions which might lead to knocking of an internal combustion engine if the internal combustion engine operates under transient conditions, for example under conditions of rapid acceleration, the reestablishment rate of an operating control signal, for example ignition timing which, after retardation, is again advanced, transient speed changes are sensed in a differentiator (17) and, if so sensed, cause reestablishment of prior operating condition at a faster rate (f3) than otherwise, normally set into the system (see f2, FIG. 2). Additionally, the reference level of a comparator which compares sensed engine vibration signals with a reference can be increased so that, due to increased engine noise, erroneous knocking signals will not be generated by the comparator.

Abstract: In an aggregate for supplying fuel from a fuel container to an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, a housing of a pressure wave-damping device, connected to an outlet of the pump of the aggregate, has an enclosed interior subdivided into two separate chambers by a diaphragm. The first chamber is connected to the outlet of the pump and has its own outlet whereas the second chamber has a damping spring accommodated therein. The housing is formed of two opposite shell portions positioned opposite to each other. A ring-shaped flange is provided, which is a portion of the housing, and which holds the peripheral edge of the diaphragm and embraces the rims of the shell portions of the housing.

Abstract: An electronic thin-film circuit having a substrate plate comprising an insulating material and having a resistance film partially covering the substrate plate is proposed. The resistance film forms a first pattern and a second pattern. The first pattern defines tracks and/or connection contacts, while the second pattern defines circuit elements of the electronic thin-film circuit. A metal film which is capable of being soldered and of being reinforced by electroplating is disposed above the resistance film in the vicinity of the first pattern. Inside the first pattern, a soft-solder film is applied to parts of the metal film which is capable of being soldered and of being reinforced by electroplating, in order to form tracks and/or connection contacts which are reinforced with soft solder.

Abstract: A hydrostatic drive system has an internal combustion engine, a main pump driven by the engine and having a control element displaceable to vary the pump displacement, a control pump driven by the engine, an output motor having a control element displaceable to vary the motor displacement and having a rotary output, and conduits interconnecting the main pump and output motor for driving of the motor by the pump. A speed-measuring pump is connected to the motor output and produces a pressure differential corresponding to the speed of the motor output. A pump controller is powered by the control pump and connected to the pump control element for adjusting the pump displacement. A motor controller is connected to the motor control element for adjusting the motor displacement.

Abstract: A regulating device is proposed for the mixture composition of an internal combustion engine having a signal sensor and having regulating ranges which can be switched over between lambda equals one and the lean range. The lambda-equal-to-one regulation is effected by means of a two-point regulator and the lean regulation is effected either via an altered set-point value of the two-point regulator or with the aid of a steady regulator. The transitions between the two types of regulation take a course dependent on a selectable function, in order to avoid abrupt changes in rpm. A switchover is also made to controlled operation for a brief period at the beginning of each type of regulation.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump is provided with an injection start adjustor, in accordance with which an injection adjusting piston is loaded by a pump number of revolutions-dependent fuel pressure of a feed pump against a spring force provided by two pressure springs, of which a first stronger spring in the region of lower number of revolutions acts against a second weaker spring and from a predetermined adjusting path and higher number of revolutions it acts alone.

Abstract: Portable apparatus for peeling logs has a powered draw knife mounted on a frame. The draw knife is swivably mounted on a cutter fork attached to a cutter rod, which is slidably mounted in a hydraulically or pneumatically powered cylinder. A cutter cradle attached to a slide bar on the frame allows an operator to optimally position the draw knife for each stroke. The frame is clamped to the log by a hydraulically or pneumatically powered clamp. The controls for operation of the draw knife are interlocked with the clamp controls for safety.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for recirculating exhaust gas in an internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas recirculating conduit which is provided with a valve controlled by two solenoid windings. The system includes a control device including a PID regulator having limitations and cooperating with a three-point switching circuit which exhibits a hysteresis and includes a feedback. The energizing signals for the two solenoid windings are limited between a minimum and a maximum value, whereby the minimum value is defined by the operational sensitivity of the exhaust gas recirculating valve.

Abstract: In an apparatus for treating workpieces by means of the igniting of a gaseous mixture in a work chamber for receiving the workpiece, it is proposed that the work chamber and optionally the supply duct for the gaseous mixture, as well as a mixing block for preparing the gaseous mixture which precedes the supply duct, are provided at least in part with a lining of ceramic material in the form of aluminum oxide or zirconium dioxide, in order to intercept the corrosive action exerted by the ignition of the combustion gas-oxygen mixture upon these parts of the apparatus.

Abstract: In order limit the rate of rise of current when the final stage transistor T8 is switched, the base current of the final stage transistor is supplied by a first current-controlled current source when the final stage transistor switches on an inductive load. The final stage transistor in this circuit can be given an integrating behavior with a very small MOS negative feedback capacitor, leading to the control current input of the first controlled current source, to which a diode-connected switching transistor T4 supplies a constant current when a driver transistor T7 is blocked by an input signal U.sub.E. When the driver transistor T7 is made conducting, the constant current is diverted to the driver transistor and the base current of the final stage transistor T8 is cut off except for the dynamic contribution of feedback capacitor, while the reverse peak diode D provides protection against voltage spikes.

Abstract: To place the maximum combustion pressure, which occurs upon ignition, after the piston of an internal combustion engine (ICE) has passed upper dead-center (UDC) position upon starting, a predetermined time interval (Ti) is subtracted from the expected time the piston reaches UDC position, as determined by the time taken for a predetermined angular distance of the crankshaft to rotate; the time between the predetermined angular distances is extrapolated to determine the projected, or expected time of the UDC position. The predetermined time interval (Ti), which may be made dependent upon engine temperature, is then subtracted and the actual firing time computed, for example by counting-out in a counter the differential time interval determined by the subtraction. The timing intervals are preferably derived from a segmental marker system (20,21; A1,A2), in a counter (1), the extrapolation carried out in a multiplier (2) and the subtracting in a subtraction circuit (3).

Abstract: A method is proposed for sterilizing packaging material of plastic, cardboard or combinations of the two, in particular for sterilizing preshaped packaging containers intended for receiving acidic products. In this method, damage to the packaging material or the packaging apparatus is to be avoided because of the mild thermal treatment involved. By subjecting the surface to be treated to a flow of a moist mixture of water vapor and air at a temperature of from 80.degree. to 140.degree. C. and having a moisture content of from 5 to 50%, sufficiently high degrees of sterility for the sterile packaging of acidic food products are attainable within relatively short treatment periods.

Abstract: A demodulated audio signal for detection of engine-knock is digitalized to produce a sequence of digital signals corresponding to the various cylinders of the engine in turn. These digital signals are recursively filtered by applying a factor k to a newer value and its complement (1-k) to an older value from the same cylinder or a value obtained therefrom by partial filtering and the sum of the two factor-modified terms is formed to provide a reference value with which the most recent digital signal is compared, to produce an indication of engine-knock when the latter exceeds a reference value by a predetermined amount. The factor k is varied in accordance with acceleration of engine speed or with the level of signals from the vibration sensor that exists before the application of automatic gain control prior to integration.

Abstract: An automatic bag tying apparatus for converting an open bag loosely holding a substance into a tight package. A first gripping assembly tightly grips the unsealed bag toward its mouth. A second gripping assembly loosely and slidably grips the unsealed bag to form a neck. A displacement assembly displaces the gripping means relative to each other to cause the gripping means to move apart until the substance stops against the second gripping means. Bag closure applying apparatus then applies a closure to the bag in close proximity to the substance to create the final, closed, tight package. The tying apparatus further includes a guide assembly, and the gripping assemblies open sufficiently wide to allow passage of the bag and product therethrough which enables gravity loading of the apparatus. Tightening of the bag about the product is also controlled by pressure sensing apparatus to prevent over-tensioning of the bag.

Abstract: The specification discloses a pool wall assembly including first and second pool wall panels and a brace supporting the panels. Structure is included for securing the brace to only the first panel so that the first panel and brace may be aligned together prior to the securement of the second panel. Structure is also included for securing the second panel to at least one of the first panel and the brace. An anchor assembly secures the brace in position. The anchor assembly includes a stake which extends through and slidingly engages the brace and a wedge, telescopically received in the stake, which can be moved with respect to the stake into forcible engagement with the brace to maintain the brace in position. Each panel includes an integral bead extending from the lower portion of its face to define the line to which the pool side wall overlap extends. Also disclosed is a method of erecting a pool wall using the structure disclosed.