Abstract: A virtual ground type semiconductor memory device comprises: a memory cell array in which nonvolatile memory cells each including a first electrode, a pair of second electrodes, and a charge retention part are arranged in row and column directions like a matrix; a read circuit for selecting a pair of the first and second bit lines connected to a selected memory cell to be read, applying first and second read voltages to the selected first and second bit lines, respectively, and detecting a magnitude of a memory cell current flowing in the selected memory cell, at the time of reading; a voltage applying means for applying the second read voltage to a second adjacent bit line adjacent to the selected second bit line on the opposite side of the first bit line; and a short-circuit means for short-circuiting the selected second bit line and the second adjacent bit line.

Abstract: A method of MBE growth of a semiconductor layer structure comprises growing a first (Al,Ga)N layer (step 13) over a substrate at the first substrate temperature (T1) using ammonia as the nitrogen precursor. The substrate is then cooled (step 14) to a second-substrate temperature (T2) which is lower than the first substrate temperature. An (In,Ga)N quantum well structure is then grown (step 15) over the first (Al,Ga)N layer by MBE using ammonia as the nitrogen precursor. The supply of ammonia to the substrate is maintained continuously during the first growth step, the cooling step, and the second growth step. After completion of the growth of the (In,Ga)N quantum well structure, the substrate may be heated to a third temperature (T3) which is greater than the second substrate temperature (T2). A second (Al,Ga)N layer is then grown over the (In,Ga)N quantum well structure (step 17).

Abstract: The embodiments of the invention relate to application-layer multicasting, particularly to reduction of join/attachment latency of a node when joining a multicast group, by providing to a joining node a flat peer list and a preferred peer list which contains candidate node entries with recent available bandwidth information.

Abstract: A client connects to an Internet radio server to receive a data stream corresponding to an Internet radio station. Metadata is received on the Internet radio station data stream. In some cases some media data is also received on the Internet radio station data stream. Once the metadata is received, the client disconnects from the Internet radio server. The client determines when next metadata is going to be sent on the Internet radio station data stream, and reconnects to the Internet radio server before the next metadata is sent on the Internet radio station data stream. The steps of receiving the metadata, disconnecting from the Internet radio server, determining when the next metadata is going to be sent, and reconnecting to the Internet radio server may be performed repeatedly.

Abstract: The application device for liquid containing micro-nano bubbles generates micro-nano bubbles in a wide size distribution with use of a submerged pump-type micro-nano bubble generator and a spiral flow-type micro-nano bubble generator. A micro-nano bubble generating aid metering pump is controlled by a bubble level meter and a level controller, so that the supply amount of a micro-nano bubble generating aid is controlled in response to the level of bubbles from a fluid level. The supply amount of a micro-nano bubble generating aid is also controlled by a turbidimeter and a controller in response to the turbidity of the liquid in a micro-nano bubble generation tank, while the amount of air supplied to the submerged pump-type micro-nano bubble generator is controlled in response to the turbidity of the liquid. Therefore, the device can produce a large amount of various micro-nano bubbles in a wide size distribution more economically.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery which comprises: a negative electrode comprising as an active material a carbonaceous material capable of electrochemically holding/releasing lithium; a positive electrode comprising as an active material a lithium chalcogenide; and polymer electrolyte layers united respectively with the negative electrode and the positive electrode. The polymer electrolyte layers comprise an ionically conductive polymer matrix holding a nonaqueous electrolytic solution. They are obtained by crosslinking and polymerizing a liquid mixture of a monomeric precursor for the ionically conductive polymer and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution respectively on the negative electrode and the positive electrode using different polymerization initiators.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device manufacturing method includes, sequentially, a first aging step S1, a first inspection step S2, a mounting step S3, a second aging step S4 and a second inspection step S5. Since the first aging step S1 on a semiconductor laser chip with a high-temperature direct current conduction is performed before the mounting step S3, threshold current and drive current of the semiconductor laser chip before mounting can be reduced.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention is composed of a ?/4 plate 1, a ?/2 plate 2, and a polarizing plate 3 which are provided in this order from the side of a liquid crystal layer 10. Here, an angle formed between an absorption axis of the polarizing plate 3 and an absorption axis of the ?/2 plate 2 is about 45°, an in-plane retardation of the ?/2 plate 2 is set to a value obtained by adding ?/4 to an in-plane retardation of a retardation plate 1, desirably, the ?/4 plate 1, and an optical axis of the ?/4 plate 1 and an optical axis of the ?/2 plate 2 are orthogonal to each other. In this configuration, the optical axis of the ?/4 plate 1 is placed at 150°, the optical axis of the ?/2 plate 2 is placed at 60°, and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate 3 is placed at 15°.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solid-state pickup device module of the present invention includes: a step of processing a transparent substrate so that each of transparent substrates for a chip is held opposite to each of solid-state image pickup devices when the transparent substrate and a substrate having a plurality of solid-state image pickup devices are opposed to each other (step of processing a transparent substrate; S1 to S17); and a modularizing step in which the transparent substrate thus processed and the substrate having a plurality of solid-state image pickup devices are opposed to each other so as to place each of the transparent substrates for a chip opposite to each of the solid-state image pickup devices (modularizing step; S21 to S28). Thus, the present invention can improve manufacturing efficiency by bonding the transparent substrate and the substrate having a plurality of solid-state image pickup devices at a time.

Abstract: A toner whose flowability, chargeability and fixing property are enhanced, a developer, a developing device and an image forming apparatus are provided. The toner comprises a toner particle in which a shell layer is formed on a surface of a core particle, and external additive, where (1) the shell layer is formed in a film on the surface of the core particle, (2) a shape factor SF-2 is 120 or more and 140 or less, and (3) a BET specific surface area measured by the BET method is 1.2 m2/cm3 or more and 4.0 m2/cm3 or less. The developer containing such a toner is filled into the developing device in the image forming apparatus in order to form an image.

Abstract: An electronic element wafer module according to the present invention is provided, in which a translucent support substrate for covering and protecting a plurality of electronic elements is attached on an electronic element wafer having the plurality of electronic elements formed thereon, and an optical filter is formed corresponding to the electronic elements on at least one surface of the translucent support substrate, where the optical filter is removed to lessen warping along a part or all of dicing lines for individually dividing the electronic element wafer module into a plurality of electronic element modules.

Abstract: According to the present invention, heat generation amount control information for controlling a heat generation amount of a heat generating section (20) is arranged to correspond to each of temperatures so that a predetermined heat generation amount is obtained at each of the temperatures. The present invention includes a first computing section (41) that controls the heat generation amount of the heat generating section (20) according to the heat generation amount control information that is arranged in advance to correspond to temperature information that is obtained from a temperature sensor (13). This easily makes it possible to appropriately carry out at least either recording or reproduction with respect to a magnetic recording medium.

Abstract: A notch is formed in a side of an optical sheet. As seen in plan view, the notch is shaped such that the maximum width of the notch as measured in the direction parallel to the line connecting both ends of a mouth portion of the notch is greater than the width of the mouth portion along the side of the optical sheet. Here, it is preferable that the notch be polygonal or have a curved shape as seen in plan view.

Abstract: An electromagnetic field detecting element 10 includes a lamination of three insulation layers 2, 3, and 4. The dielectric breakdown strength of the insulation layer 3 is greater than the dielectric breakdown strengths of insulation layers 2 and 4. The three insulation layers 2, 3, and 4 are disposed between a pair of electrodes 5 and 6. Boundaries 7 and 8 on both ends of an overlapping region of the opposing surfaces 5a and 6a in a Z direction are apart from the insulation layer 3 by thicknesses t1 and t3 of the insulation layers 2 and 4, respectively. Between the pair of electrodes 5 and 6, ballistic current paths interposing therebetween the insulation layer 3 are formed by applying, between the pair of electrodes 5 and 6, an electric field having a magnitude which causes dielectric breakdown in the insulation layers 2 and 4 while causing no dielectric breakdown in the insulation layer 3.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a toner is provided. The method for manufacturing a toner uses a rotary stirring apparatus that includes a circulating section for repeatedly performing circulation in a powder passage having a rotary stirring chamber and a circulation tube to return to the rotary stirring chamber by a rotary stirring section having a rotary disc around which rotary blades are installed and a rotary shaft, and a temperature adjusting section provided at least on a part of the powder passage for adjusting temperatures in the powder passage and of the rotary stirring section to a predetermined temperature, and includes a temperature adjusting step; a fine resin particle adhering step; a spraying step; and a film-forming step. The temperature in the powder passage is adjusted to the predetermined temperature by the temperature adjusting section at the fine resin particle adhering step, the spraying step, and the film-forming step.

Abstract: In the image data processing apparatus of the present invention, one or more job icons each of which is indicative of the presence of a received job are displayed in a screen of a touch panel, and when any one of the displayed job icons is operated, an information window disclosing detail information concerning the operated job icon is additionally displayed. As a result, a limited display area of the touch panel can be effectively utilized, so that this enables the user to easily find not only a processing status of the received job but also detail information of the job.

Abstract: In the line light source device and the plane light emission device, first recesses 14 are formed between adjoining light emission elements 5, on surfaces of sealing resin layers 10 opposite to the board 4. The line light source device and the plane light emission device, in which the light emission elements are coated with resin, have a simple configuration and high uniformity in luminous intensity in an emission end face of the device.

Abstract: A method for reducing feedback overhead in a wireless communications system is described. Channel quality indicator (CQI) values corresponding to a measured channel quality are received from one or more mobile communications devices. The mobile communications devices to be scheduled at a future time are estimated. CQI values are requested from the mobile communications devices that are estimated to be scheduled at a future time.

Abstract: A solid-state image capturing apparatus according to the present invention includes a pixel area in which pixels for generating a signal charge by a photoelectric conversion on an incident light are arranged in a two dimensional matrix; a row selection section for selecting each pixel row of the pixel area; a plurality of column signal lines, to which an analog pixel signal from each pixel of a pixel row selected by the row selection section is readout; and a signal processing circuit for generating a digital pixel value from the analog pixel signal of each pixel that is read out to each of the column signal lines, where the signal processing circuit includes at least two or more AD conversion circuits for simultaneously converting the analog pixel signal of each pixel of the selected pixel row into a digital pixel value.

Abstract: A control unit is caused to drive a collimator lens from a position of an origin, by a clock number A of drive pulses of a pulse rate T1, thereby to move the collimator lens, and is caused to return the lens to the position of the origin at a pulse rate T2 higher than the pulse rate T1, and counts a clock number B of drive pulses required for returning the lens, and repeats the counting while raising the rate T2 stage by stage, until the clock numbers A and B do not become equal. When the clock numbers A and B are not equal, the control unit judges the occurrence of the step-out, and determines the rate T2 being one stage lower than the rate T2 at which the occurrence of the step-out has been judged, as the pulse rate of the operation of correction of spherical aberration.