Abstract: A display element has a arrangement that allows the pixel to have at least two domains in which the medium shows optical anisotropies of different directions when a force (for example, an electric field) is applied or when no force is applied. It is preferable that directions of the optical anisotropies occurred in the respective domains when the electric field is applied respectively have 45 degrees±10 degrees with absorption axes of polarizers, and that the directions of the optical anisotropies occurred in the respective domains when the electric field is applied make 90 degrees±20 degrees.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device comprises a array of memory cells arranged in a matrix, each memory cell connected to one end of a variable resistor element where the electric resistance is shifted from the first state to the second state by applying the first writing voltage and from the second state to the first state by applying the second writing voltage, and the source or drain of the selecting transistor. The second writing time for the second writing action of shifting the electric resistance of the variable resistor element from the second state to the first state is longer than the first writing time of shifting the same reversely. The second number of the memory cells subjected to the second writing action at once is greater than the first memory cell number subjected to the first writing action at once, and at least the second number is two or more.

Abstract: An ozone exhaust system in an image forming apparatus having a multiple number of process printing units, includes: exhaust ducts for exhausting ozone arising in the process printing units. In the ozone exhaust system, the exhaust ducts are mainly constituted of process printing unit's side exhaust ducts provided respectively along multiple charger cases and a main exhaust duct to which the process printing unit's side exhaust ducts are connected, and the process printing unit's side exhaust ducts are constructed so that the air current that flows into the charger cases and the air current that flows from the process printing unit's side exhaust ducts into the main exhaust duct are directed in the same direction.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor laser device of the present invention has an electrical connection point which is provided outside of a pair of trenches in the surface of an upper electrode layer so as to make an electrical connection to the outside. The thickness between the surface of the upper electrode layer and a nitride semiconductor growth layer in the electrical connection point is larger than the thickness between the upper electrode layer and the nitride semiconductor growth layer immediately above a ridge.

Abstract: When a video signal type detecting section detects a video signal of PAL/SECAM (50 Hz) video signal, the input image data is subjected to enhancing conversion with a degree lower than the degree of enhancing conversion in the case of NTSC (60 Hz). With this, the response speed of liquid crystal is improved and an image noise on account of excessive enhancement is eliminated, so that the deterioration in image quality is prevented. As a result, the enhancing conversion with respect to the input image data is performed in such a manner as to compensate the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display panel, and an image noise on account of excessive enhancing conversion with respect to PAL/SECAM (50 Hz) image data, and hence high-quality image display is realized.

Abstract: A substrate for a display device includes a scan line, a signal line, a switching element provided on an insulating substrate, an interlayer insulation film, and a pixel electrode. The switching element is provided at an intersection of the scan line and the signal line. The switching element includes a gate electrode connected to the scan line, a source electrode connected to the signal line, and a drain electrode connected to the pixel electrode. The interlayer insulation film includes a contact hole for connecting the drain electrode of the switching element to the pixel electrode. A protective layer formed of an insulating material is provided without contact holes above the scan line and/or the signal line. A portion of an underlying film under the protective layer contacts a portion of an overlying film over the protective layer.

Abstract: A display device in accordance with the present invention changes to Vc the voltage of a terminal of a capacitor C2 the other terminal of which is connected to the gate of a driver TFT Q1. Thus, a desired voltage Vda is fed from a source line Sj to the drain of the driver TFT Q1 so as to adjust the threshold voltage Vth of the driver TFT Q1. The device then changes the voltage of the terminal of the capacitor C2 to Va to render the gate voltage of the driver TFT Q1 Vda-Vth-Vc+Va. A power supply voltage Vp is fed from the source of the driver TFT Q1.

Abstract: A document transporting device (30) serves as a platen cover to expose and cover platens (21A,21B). A document holder (5) is mounted on a predetermined mounting portion of the device (30). A lateral end of the document holder (5) is withdrawn from a predetermined position where the end is located, so that a document transport path (R) is exposed through an area in which the document holder (5) has been withdrawn. The document transport path (R) is exposed to the left or the right with respect to the front of the device (30).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, which is used for a display section of an electronic apparatus, and it is an object thereof is to provide a liquid crystal display having an excellent display characteristic. The liquid crystal display has a TFT substrate and an opposite substrate, which are provided opposite to the surface thereof and a liquid crystal layer, which is sealed between the both substrates. A pixel range, which is defined by a gate bus line and a drain bus line and is disposed on the TFT substrate, has a sub-pixel A to which a gradation voltage for driving the liquid crystal layer is applied, and a sub-pixel. B which is formed separated from the sub-pixel A and to which a voltage lower than the gradation voltage is applied. On the opposite substrate, linear protrusions are formed so as to regulate the direction of alignment of a liquid crystal molecular of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: The possibility of the loss of information stored in a memory cell which is caused by repeating the reading action on the same memory cell comprising a variable resistance element and a select transistor can significantly be reduced. A voltage applying circuit for selecting one or more of the memory cells from a memory cell array and applying voltages to the word lines, bit lines, and source lines for programming, erasing, and reading information applies a voltage between the bit line and the source line connected to the selected memory cell so that the voltage applied between the two ports of the variable resistance element in the selected memory cell during the reading action is equal in the polarity to one of the voltages applied between the two ports of the variable resistance element for the programming action and the erasing action respectively whichever is greater in the absolute value.

Abstract: When first and second images are input, a partial image feature calculating unit calculates feature values of partial images of the two images. A maximum matching score position searching unit searches for a position of the second image that attains to the highest matching score with each of the partial images of the first image. A movement-vector-based similarity score calculating unit calculates similarity between the first and second images, using information related to that partial image whose movement vector has direction and length within a prescribed range, which movement vector representing positional relation between a reference position for measuring, for each of the partial images, the position of the partial image in the first image and the position of the maximum matching score corresponding to the partial image searched out by the maximum matching score position searching unit. The images as the object of collation may belong to the same category classified based on the feature values.

Abstract: A data processing device, such as a facsimile machine or a printer, sends setting information necessary for processing data to a storage device for a back-up purpose, etc., and the storage device stores the setting information of the data processing device. The storage device classifies the data processing device according to whether or not the data processing device has a data protection function for protecting data to be processed, and stores the setting information in association with a type in which the data processing device is classified. When sending the setting information to a data processing device, the storage device sends the setting information corresponding to the type in which the data processing device as a recipient is classified.

Abstract: A method and system are described that enable the construction of declarative applications, such as XDML, that can access DASE System services. DASE System services include among other things, channel switching and electronic program guide application within a broadcast environment established under the standards of Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC). For example, when a Program and System Information (PSI) application is stored in a Document Object Model (DOM) data structure or database, an Electronic Program Guide (EPG) application can be automatically generated using an EPG-transform method in accordance with the present invention. This method would: 1) Convert DOM structure into an XML document; 2) Apply an XML Style Sheet Transformation (XSLT) to the XML document; and 3) Render the resulting XML document using a conventional web-browser or XML renderer.

Abstract: A light emitting device provided with a plurality of types of light sources having different light emitting colors and with a light emission control means for allowing light to emit, during a specified period of monitoring a light emitting intensity, from at least one light source out of the plurality of types of light sources at a light emitting intensity different from that available outside the specified period. Accordingly, when a plurality of types of light sources are used, the light emitting intensities of a plurality of types of light sources can be monitored with light sensors of types fewer than the types of light sources to control while points and a brightness characteristics.

Abstract: An illuminating device for a display device includes a light source lamp and a lamp supporting member and has (1) a configuration in which the lamp supporting member has a fixing pin provided at a position other than a position substantially just under the light source lamp, (2) a configuration in which the lamp supporting member is formed of a reflective material, or (3) a configuration in which the above-mentioned configurations are combined.

Abstract: A toner supply device for supplying toner to a developing unit includes: a toner cartridge; and a toner feed device having a casing for reserving toner and a toner agitator shaft for agitating and conveying the toner. The toner feed device includes a toner input port for allowing entrance of toner into the casing and a toner feed port for feeding toner to the developing unit, the toner input port and toner feed port being arranged on the outer side of the developing roller with respect to the direction of the developing roller's axis of the developing unit, and the toner agitator shaft conveys and supplies the toner from the toner input port along the direction of the developing roller's axis to the toner feed port.

Abstract: A control system includes a first network including a controller 1, a second network including one or more controlled devices 3 to 6, and a translator 2 correlated with the first network and with the second network. The controlled device 3 comprises a controlled device information management unit 23 which manages controlled device information related to the controlled device 3; and a controlled device information communication unit 24 which sends controlled device information with appropriate timing. The translator 3 comprises a controlled device information proxy creating means which creates controlled device information proxies 35 based on controlled device information acquired from controlled devices 3; and an information managing means for registering and managing controlled device information and controlled device information proxies 35.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflective liquid crystal display device being low cost, high reflectance, and high contrast in the reflective liquid crystal display device of VA system providing a diffusion reflective plate having uneven shape and using negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal and a substrate using for a reflective liquid crystal display device. Assuming that reflective surface of the reflective plate has plurality of small mirror surfaces, direction of normal vector In of the small mirror is constructed so that standard deviation of probability distribution existing within angle range of azimuth angle from ?n to ?n+1° is 0.1 or more.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, a sheet post-processing apparatus includes an ejection path that successively feed sheets each with an image found thereon from an ejection outlet. A processing tray is disposed under the ejection outlet to temporarily store sheets fed from the ejection path. A port processing unit performs post processing such as binding and punching. The post processing unit is located under the ejection path and is provided with a cooling fan that sends air toward the post processing unit.

Abstract: A solid-state image capturing device is provided. In the solid-state image capturing device, at least any of openings of electrode wiring layers, color filters and microlenses are provided on a light incident side above light receiving elements as a light receiving region in which the plurality of light receiving elements are disposed on a semiconductor substrate or a semiconductor region provided on a substrate, wherein a shift amount of at least any of the openings of the electrode wiring layers, the color filters and the microlenses in relation to the light receiving elements or in relation to a standard position where a light flux is desired to pass through is calculated by Snell's law based on an incident angle ?0 of a light flux entering the light receiving region to a surface of the solid-state image capturing device.