Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate is provided whose structure allows for the formation of (i) a thick gate insulating film, (ii) a high pressure resistance TFT having a LDD region of a GOLD structure, and (iii) a low voltage TFT having a thin gate insulating film, with less number of production steps.

Abstract: According to a service management method to supply products-in-circulation to service receivers, a service management system is built that enables the service provider to manage whether the service receivers are using those products-in-circulation delivered from the service provider in an authorized manner. This provides a reasonable service whereby the service receiver is charged only for those products-in-circulation the service receiver has actually used. To this end, the service management device in accordance with the present invention includes: a memory section for registering data of products-in-circulation to be delivered to the service receivers; an input section for entering current status of the products-in-circulation; and an arithmetic processing section for calculating charges on the basis of the number of products-in-circulation that are regarded as having been actually used, not the total number of the delivered product-in-circulations.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate and carrying projections and depressions, a reflective electrode on the second substrate so as to cover the projections and depressions and in electrical contact with a switching device provided on the second substrate via a contact hole, and a negative liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, wherein the contact hole is disposed centrally to the reflection electrode and a structure controlling alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is disposed so as to overlap the contact hole viewed in a direction perpendicular to the second substrate.

Abstract: A printed board includes: an impedance matching member disposed along the periphery of a plurality of connecting pins for connecting a connector to signal lines on the printed board, the plurality of connecting pins being arranged in row and column directions; and a connecting portion for connecting the impedance matching member to a ground line of the printed board. The printed board according to the present invention is capable of suppressing the impedance mismatching of an ordinary connector having no special shield or the like for impedance matching.

Abstract: Luminance irregularities caused by the weight of the optical members in a backlight apparatus are reduced. A lighting apparatus comprises optical members 1 and 2, a casing in which the optical members 1 and 2 and a lamp 4 are disposed, a first member 1a formed in optical members 1 and 2, and a second member 3a formed in the casing for attaching the optical members 1 and 2 to the casing by cooperating with the first member 1a. The first and second members 1a and 3a are provided in positions such that no upward stress is applied to the optical members due to their own weights at the bottom in a vertical direction in the plane of the display screen, both in a basic position and a first stop position of the lighting apparatus, the latter position being reached by rotation of the apparatus from the basic position in the plane of the display screen.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a multi-level 3D memory array includes: preparing a wafer and peripheral circuits thereon; layers of metal, memory resistor material, and metal are deposited, patterned and etched. The steps of the method of the invention are repeated for N levels of a memory array.

Abstract: A scan ID, which is operation identification information having been used for selection of an image reading condition or the like, is used for selection of a communication destination from among a plurality of host PCs having network-connection to a scanner relay apparatus. Information such as an image reading condition associated with the scan ID is sent to a host PC defined as a communication destination, and a scan command sent back from the host PC, whose protocol is converted, is sent to a scanner apparatus. Furthermore, image data sent back from the scanner apparatus is sent to the host PC.

Abstract: A light receiving element includes a plurality of light receiving cells arranged in matrix each of which converts an incident light into an electric signal and has an anode electrode and a cathode electrode whose polarities are different from each other, first to fourth output terminals, first to fourth resistance units including a plurality of resistors each having one end connected to the anode electrodes of the light receiving cells corresponding to the first column, the last column, the first row and the last row in a matrix of the light receiving cells and the other end connected to the first to fourth output terminals, and a fifth resistance unit including a plurality of resistors which connect the anode electrodes of adjacent light receiving cells with each other, in which the cathode electrodes of the respective light receiving cells are connected to a common potential in the matrix.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate for a liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal display device provided with the same, and a manufacturing method of the same, and provides a substrate for a liquid crystal display device in which a manufacture process can be cut down and manufacturing cost is reduced, a liquid crystal display device provided with the same, and a manufacturing method of the same.

Abstract: A class of pyridazine derivatives, substituted in the 4-position by an optionally substituted heteroaromatic ring, being selective ligands for GABAA receptors, in particular having high affinity for the ?2 and/or ?3 and/or ?5 subunit thereof, are accordingly of benefit in the treatment and/or prevention of adverse conditions of the central nervous system, including anxiety, convulsions and cognitive disorders.

Abstract: A first laser beam is emitted from a first laser oscillator in a pulsed manner at a high repetition frequency, and converged onto a substrate by a first intermediate optical system 2 so as to form a slit-like first beam spot. A second laser beam is emitted from a second laser beam oscillator in a pulsed manner to rise precedent to and fall subsequent to the first laser beam, and converged onto the substrate by a second intermediate optical system so as to form a second beam spot similar in configuration to the first beam spot and to contain the first beam spot. Crystallization of a semiconductor thin film on the substrate is carried out while the substrate or the first, second beam spots are moved. Thereby, the whole semiconductor thin film is formed into a crystal surface that has grown in one direction and free from ridges. Thus, the semiconductor thin film has an extremely flat surface, extremely few defects, large crystal grains and high throughput.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display unit is characterized by comprising a liquid crystal display panel, a back-light instrument for outputting light to the liquid crystal display panel, and a scattering-anisotropic optical instrument disposed on that side of the liquid crystal display panel which is opposite to the back-light instrument. The scattering-anisotropic optical instrument is so formed that the scattering intensity of light vertically entering the display screen of the liquid crystal panel is maximized. Therefore, the scattering-anisotropic optical instrument can scatter light vertically entering the display screen of the liquid crystal panel to allow a viewer to view a display screen from a wide range of viewing angles. In addition, because the unit does not scatter light entering obliquely, rather than vertically, a display screen but lets the light pass as it is, whitish appearance as is seen in an oblique-direction observation can be prevented.

Abstract: A mosaic image construction system includes at least one of a decoder receiving or an encoder transmitting a sequence of pixel data frames. The sequence includes at least a first pixel data frame and a second pixel data frame. The second pixel data frame is preferably temporally later than the first pixel data frame. The second pixel data frame has an associated parameter indicating the motion of the second frame with respect to the first frame and is used in the construction of the sequence of the pixel data frames. The mosaic image is constructed using at least the first and second pixel data frames together with the associated parameter.

Abstract: A light modulation type photointerrupter includes: a light source that emits a light pulse to a transit area where an object transits; a driving circuit that drives the light source to emit the light pulse; a photoreceptor that converts the light pulse from the transit area into a pulse current and outputs the pulse current; an integrating circuit that integrates a pulse signal resulting from the pulse current and outputs a result of the integration, the integrating circuit having different time constants at a rise and at a fall of the pulse signal; and a detecting circuit that detects, based upon the output from the integrating circuit, presence or absence of the object in the transit area. The light source is driven to emit a pulse, which reduces the loss of power in the light emitter and the consumption of the current.

Abstract: Polarity patterns (polarity pattern signal POL) are stored in a ROM in a polarity pattern controlling portion. Then, the polarity pattern is changed according to applications of a liquid crystal display panel. Since the polarity pattern is stored in the ROM, the polarity pattern can be changed without modification of a hardware. Also, two sets of polarity patterns or more are stored in the ROM, and then any one polarity pattern can be output according to the application. In addition, the polarity pattern signal POL and image signals RGB are compared with each other, and then the polarity pattern which is to be read from the ROM is switched according to the result.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device inputs a signal, corrected by a correction circuit provided with a sigmoid inverse function generator, to a source driver. A sigmoid function which is an S-shaped function is used to approximate an input/output characteristic (applied voltage-transmittance curve) of a liquid crystal panel. The sigmoid inverse function generator converts an input signal by using an inverse function of the sigmoid function obtained by performing the approximation. A ? conversion circuit provided on the correction circuit and the sigmoid inverse function generator realize the desired ? characteristic regardless of a characteristic of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A power management apparatus 1 for managing power supply to a plurality of printers 31 to 33 connected to a plurality of host 21 to 23 over a network 5, the power management apparatus 1 comprising: a host-operation-state monitoring module 116 for monitoring whether or not the hosts 21 to 23 are powered on; a host-specific-priority-setting module 111 for setting priority of each of the printers 31 to 33 for each of the hosts 21 to 23; a printer information calculation module 113 for aggregating the set host-specific priorities to calculate priority of each of the printers 31 to 33 by taking the operation state of the hosts 21 to 23 into account; a printer power supply determination module 114 for determining whether or not each printer should be powered on; and a printer power supply control module 115 for remotely controlling power supply to each printer 31 to 33 on the basis of determination on whether or not each printer 31 to 33 should be powered on.

Abstract: To provide a sheet transporting device which can control sheet transport also with respect to plural kinds of tab sheets different from each other in terms of a tab position in a vertical direction with respect to a transporting direction without increasing the cost. In case of switching back the tab sheet, a timing for the switch back is controlled in accordance with a timing at which the sheet sensor detects a front end of the tab sheet.

Abstract: A printer is provided with a scanner mounted to a printer main body includes control for suppressing the scanning speed of the carriage during a reading operation of a document image by a scanner. With this structure, the printer can perform an image forming operation at maximum speed and the time required for forming an image can be reduced while suppressing a reading inferior resulting from the vibrations generated from the carriage by suppressing such vibrations.