Abstract: An illuminator including an optical transmission mechanism includes a transmission-side electric circuit for forming electric signals modulated in response to information, a light source for emitting intensity-modulated light in response to the electric modulated signals, optical wavelength conversion means including fluorescent material for converting part of the intensity-modulated light into illumination light, photoelectric conversion means for receiving another part of the modulated light and converting this part into reproduced electric modulated signals and a receiving-side electric circuit for reproducing the information from the reproduced electric modulated signals.

Abstract: A memory cell unit including: a semiconductor substrate having a source diffusion layer in at least a part of a surface thereof; a column-shaped semiconductor layer provided on the semiconductor substrate, and having a drain diffusion layer provided in an uppermost portion thereof and a first low concentration impurity diffusion layer provided in an entire bottom portion thereof; a memory cell arrangement which includes a plurality of memory cells provided in a peripheral wall of the column-shaped semiconductor layer and connected in series perpendicularly to the substrate, the memory cells each having a charge storage layer and a control gate; a second impurity diffusion layer provided at a lower end of the memory cell arrangement; and a selection transistor having a gate electrode provided around the peripheral wall of the column-shaped semiconductor layer and connecting the second impurity diffusion layer and the first impurity diffusion layer; wherein the first impurity diffusion layer extends into a part

Abstract: An HDD controller executes high-speed burst data transfer, at which the HDD controller has a master mode for the HDD controller to work as a bus master of a PCI bus, and a slave mode for the HDD controller to work as a slave unit to the PCI bus. When a PCI device connected to a memory for data exchange is slower than the HDD controller in slave access, the HDD controller operates in the slave mode in data control while the PCI device A becomes the bus master. On the other hand, when the PCI device is a PCI device B which is faster than or as fast as the HDD controller in slave access, the HDD controller operates in the master mode in data control.

Abstract: First, second, third and fourth lens groups of a zoom lens portion are arranged on an optical axis in order from an object to be imaged side toward an electronic imaging device. The first lens group has a negative refracting power and a fixed position on the optical axis. The second lens group has a positive refracting power and is moved along the optical axis to effect focusing. The third lens group has a positive refracting power and is moved along the optical axis during a magnification change. The fourth lens group has a fixed position on the optical axis. An angle of incidence of a ray of a maximum image height when the zoom lens portion is in a state at a telephoto end is not greater than the angle of incidence of the ray of the maximum image height incident on the electronic imaging device when the zoom lens portion is in a state at a wide angle end.

Abstract: A liquid crystal fabrication method includes the steps of: dropping liquid crystal on a first substrate at an upper surface inside regions enclosed by a sealing agent disposed thereon; overlaying a second substrate on the first substrate downward to stick the substrates together; sticking a polarizing plate on an upper surface of the first and second substrates; and collectively dividing the first and second substrates and the polarizing plate.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a Stirling refrigerating machine having a high-temperature heat radiation portion and a low-temperature heat absorption portion and for cooling a freezing compartment, and a compressor for circulating a first refrigerant through a first circulation circuit having a cooling compartment evaporator. The high-temperature heat radiation portion is in contact with a first circulation spiral portion formed in the first circulation circuit.

Abstract: In a data transmission method of the present invention, when transmission data are converted into the characters and the characters are transmitted as transmission signals in accordance with inputted data and a data transmission instruction, the interval between the data groups after the character conversion is broadened and then the characters are transmitted in a case where it is judged that the interval between the data groups after the character conversion is shorter than the interval between the data groups before the character conversion. This ensures communication devices to stably transmit and receive the data group even when the interval between the data groups after the character conversion is different from the interval between the data groups before the character conversion due to timing caused by the character conversion of the data.

Abstract: A semiconductor device, which is characterized by that two or more island-shaped semiconductor layers including first and second island-shaped semiconductor layers are formed on the same substrate, at least the first island-shaped semiconductor layer has steps in its side wall so that sectional area of a cross section parallel to the surface of the substrate varies stepwise with respect to height in the vertical direction, the second island-shaped semiconductor layer is different from the first island-shaped semiconductor layer with respect to the presence/absence of a step in the side wall or the number of steps, and each of the first and second island-shaped semiconductor layers provides an element on a stair part of the side wall divided by the steps or on the side wall having no steps.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is provided that in excellent in the electrical characteristics such as the charging property, the sensitivity and the responsiveness, the oxidizing gas resistance such as the ozone resistance and the nitrogen oxide resistance, and the electrical durability such that even after repetition use the foregoing excellent electrical characteristics are not deteriorated. A photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor contains an amine compound represented by the general formula (1).

Abstract: An improved system for administering a computer and paper-based test, including a multifunction peripheral having a printing function and a scanning function for operating on the test, and a host remotely connected to the peripheral over a network. The multifunction peripheral is configured to receive the test from the host and transmit a scanned copy of a modified paper test to the host, and the host is configured to transmit a result of an evaluation of the modified test to the peripheral. A method for administering a test including transmitting a registration code, receiving a print job including a test associated with the registration code and printing the test The method further includes digitizing the test and transmitting the digitized test.

Abstract: There is a provided a semiconductor device having a high security whose power consumption is difficult to analyze even without setting up random characteristic to the processing time. The semiconductor device includes a target circuit (14), a sub-target circuit (15) having the same circuit configuration as the target circuit (14), and a dummy bit string generation circuit (11) for generating a bit string of a dummy serial input signal to be inputted to the sub-target circuit (15) according to the bit string of the serial input signal of the target circuit (14).

Abstract: A control LSI (30) time-divides one frame period of an input image signal into a plurality of sub-frame periods and outputs the signal to a display panel, so as to carry out image display by pseudo impulse driving. At this time, in a first display mode, a first tone converting circuit (34) refers to a first table (37), and a second tone converting circuit (35) refers to a third table (39), to generate an image signal of each sub-frame from the input image signal. In a second display mode, the first tone converting circuit (34) refers to a second table (38), and the second tone converting circuit (35) refers to a fourth table (40), to generate the image signal of the sub-frame from the input image signal. Each of a first selector (41) and a second selector (42) switches the tables to be referred in accordance with a mode switching signal.

Abstract: In a backlight apparatus, laminated optical sheets are housed in a tray such that a wall portion thereof surrounds their circumferences so that the optical sheets receive light from fluorescent lights. Tips of one corner portion A of optical sheets preferably have a shape in which the tips are trimmed by line segments extending between two edges defining the corner portions. At the wall portion of the tray, an opposing surface is formed along the line segments of the corner portions so as to correspond to the shape of the corner portions having tips trimmed off. The opposing surface restrains the line segments.

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor storage unit that has a simple structure requiring only a small number of processes to produce, and is provided with a gate insulating film having a memory function. The semiconductor storage unit has a semiconductor layer, two diffusion layer regions forming a source region and a drain region, which are formed on the semiconductor layer, a channel region fixed between the two diffusion layer regions, a gate insulating film that is formed on the channel region, and made of a silicon oxide film containing carbon atoms of 0.1 to 5.0 atomic percent, and a gate electrode formed on the gate insulating film.

Abstract: A method for determining a thickness of a phosphor layer of a device having the phosphor layer formed by dispersing phosphor particles in a transparent resin, comprising the steps of: applying laser light to the phosphor layer to determine the thickness of the phosphor layer based upon an area of a light emitting region or a light emission intensity of fluorescence excited from the phosphor particles by the laser light.

Abstract: A method for preparing a usage report with counter information relating to a device is described. A counter request is sent to a device. A determination is made if the device responds to the counter request. Cached counter information associated with the device is retrieved if the device does not respond to the counter request. The cached counter information is classified. The cached counter information is used in a usage report.

Abstract: The high-withstand voltage MOSFET comprises a trench portion formed at the high-withstand voltage active region on a semiconductor substrate, two polysilicon layers formed on the high-withstand voltage active region on both sides of the trench portion by implanting an impurity of the conductivity type opposite to the high-withstand voltage active region, two impurity diffusion drift layers formed on both sides of the trench portion by implanting an impurity of the conductivity type opposite to the high-withstand voltage active region in the surface of the high-withstand voltage active region under the polysilicon layers, and a gate electrode formed through a gate oxide film on bottom and side surfaces of the trench portion and end surfaces and upper surfaces of adjacent regions of the polysilicon layers close to the trench portion, and source and drain regions are formed in the two polysilicon layers excluding the adjacent regions covered with the gate electrode.

Abstract: Position information is communicated with improved reliability and accuracy. A standby state in step S1 is followed by step S2 where entry of an emergency call instruction is awaited. Upon entry of an emergency call instruction (Yes), a detailed positioning notification is carried out in step S3. In step S4 a dial callout is carried out and in step S5, it is determined whether or not there is an outgoing-call terminating instruction. If there is an outgoing-call terminating instruction, the process proceeds to step S10 and if not, it proceeds to step S6 where it is determined whether or not there is a response. If not (No), the process returns to step S5. If there is a response (Yes), a call is made in step S7, followed by step S8 where a simplified positioning notification is carried out (by which draft latitude/longitude information is transmitted to a call server). In step S9, a call terminate instruction is awaited.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate for a liquid crystal display used in a display section of an information apparatus and a liquid crystal display having the same and provides a substrate for a liquid crystal display and a liquid crystal display having the same that provide good display characteristics without any increase in manufacturing steps. A configuration is employed which includes a plurality of gate bus lines formed on a substrate substantially in parallel with each other, a plurality of drain bus lines formed on the substrate such that they intersect the gate bus lines with an insulation film interposed therebetween, pixel regions provided on the substrate in the form of a matrix, pixel electrodes having a plurality of electrode units formed in the pixel regions, slits formed between the electrode units, and connection electrodes for connecting the plurality of electrode units with each other and a thin film transistor formed at each pixel region.

Abstract: A display includes a polarizing member and a reflective display element behind an EL element. The EL element self-emits light to display information and doubles as a display-use light source for the reflective display element. In a sufficiently bright environment, ambient light enters a liquid crystal layer after passing through a frontal substrate of the reflective display element, and is reflected from a metal electrode to produce displays. In addition to the direct light from the EL element, light that enters the liquid crystal layer is simultaneously used. In a dark environment, the EL element emits light, and displayed contents are visible owing to the reflection from the metal electrode as well as directly exiting light.