Abstract: Circuit arrangement of a driver using bipolar NMOS technology for generating fast high/low edges with a low bias current requirement.

Abstract: A programmable fuse element disposed between integrated circuit elements that may be selectively joined during the manufacture or programming of an integrated circuit. The fuse element is a normally open fuse that electrically isolates the integrated circuit elements. The fuse element is comprised of a central area of conductive material insulated from the integrated circuit elements by areas of dielectric material. The integrated circuit elements and the fuse element are disposed on a thin oxide layer covering a semiconductor substrate to prevent those elements from shorting to the semiconductor substrate or to each other via the semiconductor substrate. A protective dielectric layer may be deposited over both the fuse element and the integrated circuit elements during the manufacture of the overall integrated circuit. A laser beam is used to burn through the protective layer and melts both the conductive material and the dielectric material that form the fuse element.

Abstract: An apparatus for examining tissue with light, for identifying inhomogeneities, such as tumors, in the tissue, bidirectionally transirradiates the tissue with light, and detects the light emerging from the tissue in the two directions, thereby providing different images of the tissue with the inhomogeneities therein represented with different contrast, thereby making identification of the inhomogeneity easier.

Abstract: A method is provided in which the reducing agent, during the starting phase of the internal-combustion engine and during operation with decreasing and, if appropriate, virtually constant exhaust gas temperature, is fed superstoichiometrically in relation to the nitrogen oxide concentration, while taking into account the temperature-dependent storage capacity of a denitration catalytic converter for the reducing agent. The reducing agent is otherwise fed substoichiometrically. In this manner, the catalytic converter is kept at all times at a preferred charge level, so that on one hand it is possible to provide sufficient stored reducing agent for the catalytic conversion and on the other hand it is possible to still have a reducing agent buffer available which avoids slip of the reducing agent. The invention can be used in all internal-combustion engines operated with air excess, such as diesel engines and lean-burn engines.

Abstract: A semiconductor module having a high dissipated power has an electrically insulating and thermally conducting layer of crystalline carbon provided between a semiconductor chip and a heat elimination element, whereby the semiconductor chip, the insulating layer and the heat elimination element are connected via an intermediate layer and via connecting layers of silver by pressure sintering. For low-voltage applications, a layer of amorphous carbon can alternatively be employed instead of the layer of crystalline carbon. Extremely low heat transmission resistance between the semiconductor chip and the heat elimination element is provided.

Abstract: The apparatus comprisesa magazine (M) for the acceptance of the stacked unit load and for offering the unit load in an upper fetching position (A) of the stack,a guide profile (FP) of the magazine (M) that is at least approximately L-shaped in crossection and that is arranged inclined such that the unit load lies against both legs of the guide profile, anda rotor (R) that carries at least one suction grab (SG) that is adjustable in radial direction and swivellably arranged, anda conveyor (F) for the acceptance and further-transport of the separated unit load, wherebymagazine (M), rotor (R) and conveyor (F) are aligned such relative to one another in terms of their spatial position that the suction grab (SG) can seize the unit load respectively offered in the fetching position (A) of the magazine (M) and transfer it to the conveyor (F) after a rotation of the rotor(R).

Abstract: An electrical connector has contacting devices which establish electrical contact with contacting devices of external terminals. The contacting devices have contact faces formed thereon. The contact faces having a shape which enables substantially overlap-free connections with contact faces on the contacting devices of the external terminals. This reduces boundary planes which lead to signal reflection.

Abstract: A cable closure for receiving electrical or optical splices has a lower shell and a cover and at least one end face of the lower shell has a fixed part and a removable sealing part. The lead-in openings are formed in a separating plane or line between the fixed part and the sealing element, and the lower shell and cover are connected to each other along one side by a hinge and fastening elements are located on the opposite longitudinal side of the closure. The cable closure includes cable-clamping devices for the cable sheath and clamping devices for central elements of the optical fiber cables.

Abstract: A gradient coil system for a diagnostic magnetic resonance apparatus has two gradient coil arrangements rotated perpendicular to one another, for the production of transverse magnetic field gradients. The two gradient coil arrangements each have several coil pairs arranged along an axis. The coil pairs are each formed by two gradient coils of the segment type. The respective numbers of coil pairs in the two gradient coil arrangements are different from one another, and the gradient coils of the two gradient coil arrangements mutually overlap one another.

Abstract: In the method, following an operating point determination of the quartz resonator circuit, a substitution of the equivalent circuit diagram of the quartz resonator by an independent current source is implemented with the initial, previously determined amplitude of the current of the dynamic arm of the quartz resonator. The dynamic equilibrium state is determined for this circuit arrangement with firing methods or methods of harmonic balance. After a resubstitution of the current source by the equivalent circuit diagram of the quartz resonator, a transient analysis is implemented for the dynamic equilibrium state. This method is iteratively implemented as long as the identified growth rate lies above a prescribable barrier.

Abstract: As a result of deposition from different directions through a mask, a layer can be applied last in a surface-wide form underneath the mask. In this arrangement, the mask is separated by a cavity from the base in the coating region and is firmly joined to it outside the coating region. This process is advantageous, in particular, for the SGFET (suspended-gate field-effect transistor) used as gas sensor. In this process, the mask also forms the gate and the sensitive layer is not subjected to any further process after the deposition. The mask may then remain open or be closed by depositing such a large amount that the openings in the mask are grown over laterally, or by depositing an additional layer at an oblique angle. This process is also suitable for producing micromechanical membranes.

Abstract: A process and device for controlling the inclination of rail vehicle boxes in a railway vehicle, the rail vehicle boxes sitting on spring-suspended bogies with at least one pair of wheels which can be pivoted about the longitudinal axis. The centrifugal acceleration in the horizontal plane is determined and a setpoint is calculated for the absolute inclination of the box relative to the earth. An actual value of the absolute inclination of the box relative to the earth is determined and at least one control signal is formed from the difference between the setpoint and the actual value of the absolute inclination of the box. The angle between the bogie and the box is adjusted across the direction of travel as a function of the control signal thus formed. This makes it possible to control the inclination of the box independently of the type of track banking design and any possible interference.

Abstract: A brushless synchronous machine, for example a synchronous generator, having an exciter, whose field excitation winding is powered via a regulator connected to a separate auxiliary winding in the stator of the main machine in which the auxiliary winding has a number of phases that differs from the harmonic number of the harmonic wave that is the strongest in the event of a short circuit. In the case of a strong third harmonic wave, the auxiliary winding has a four- or five-phase design.

Abstract: A transfer device is provided which includes a rotating paddle wheel (FR) whose preferably fixedly arranged paddles (F) form pockets (Z) which receive the items (S) arriving on a first conveying device (FE1) and discharge the items onto circulating item carriers (ST) of a second conveying device (FE2), the speed (v1) and the spacing (t1) of the incoming items (S), the circumferential speed (u) and the circumferential spacing (t2) of the paddle wheel (FR) and the speed (v3) and the spacing (t3) of the circulating item carriers (ST) being matched to one another. Direct transportation of the items (S) into the pockets (Z) of the paddle wheel (FR) is made possible by segmenting each of the paddles (F) by a plurality of gaps arranged one behind the other in the axial direction, and by interleaving guided segments of the first conveying device (FE1) into the paddle wheel (FR) in the region of the gaps.

Abstract: When measuring speed over ground by means of microwave Doppler radar, signal noise, switching spikes and nearby reflectors reduce the measurement accuracy. In order to avoid these disadvantages, a reference signal which recurs with the period T.sub.0 and a target signal which follows the reference signal after a time interval T.sub.s are emitted via an antenna. That part of the reference signal which has already been received again during transmission of the target signal is subtracted from the target signal which is received later. The difference signal obtained in this way is a measurement signal from which interference spikes, signal noise and nearby reflectors have been largely removed.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for echo compensator connection for telephone connections in a telecommunication network that has a plurality of network groups (10), each network group has at least one remote node and a plurality of subscriber stations (14) that are connected to the remote node (12) via network group lines (18). The size of the network groups is selected such that echo compensation is not required given the maximum signal running times occurring within a respective network group (10). The remote nodes (12) of various network groups (10) are connected to one another by long-distance trunks (20). An echo compensator (22) is looped into the connection in the respective remote node (12) of the originating network group and of the destination network group given setup of a telephone connection between two network groups.

Abstract: A programming device of a programmable status control system is provided for converting a control function to a control program for an automation device. The programming device with a graphic programming interface is suitable for programming a programmable status control system.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a plug-type connector for backplane wirings, composed of blade connector and spring clip, wherein the individual contact springs are surrounded by electrically conductive shielding plates that are connected to contactings applied in the intermediate grid both at the backplane side as well as at the assembly side, these contactings being charged with an appropriate potential. In order to obtain a comparatively simple structure of the spring clip, the spring clip (1) is composed of through receptacle chambers into which metallic tubes (4) can be inserted, wherein contact springs (5) extrusion-coated with plastic (12) can be placed into the tubes (4).

Abstract: A bootstrap circuit includes a transfer transistor and a driver transistor of the same channel type each having two channel terminals and a gate. A first signal terminal receives a first signal and a second signal terminal receives a second signal. One of the channel terminals of the transfer transistor is connected to the gate of the driver transistor. The other of the channel terminals of the transfer transistor is connected to the first signal terminal. One of the channel terminals of the driver transistor is connected to the second signal terminal. The other of the channel terminals of the driver transistor forms an output of the bootstrap circuit. A configuration generates a third signal and has an output connected to the gate of the transfer transistor. The second signal has an edge extending from a first level to a second level and beginning at a bootstrap time.

Abstract: An optoelectric component has two waveguide layers and a layer with a periodic structure, which layers are arranged parallel to one another and are dimensioned so that a codirectional coupling is produced between modes guided in each of the waveguide layers. In order to prevent undesirable reflections, changes in the effective refractive index in the periodic structure is gradually changed along the direction of propagation. This change can be by the boundary of the periodic structure extending at an angle other than a right angle to the direction of propagation, either in a vertical or a lateral direction. The change can also be accomplished by a gradual change of the composition at the boundary of the periodic structure and adjacent portions or sections.