Abstract: For frequency stabilization of a WDM multiplexer/demultiplexer with an optical phased array, a control signal with reference to which the WDM multiplexer/demultiplexer temperature is set is acquired by subtraction of the two opto-electrically converted output reference signals of two reference signal channels of the single-channel side of the optical phased array having filter curves intersect at a frequency corresponding to the frequency of an input reference signal supplied at the multiplex side.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a circuit configuration for receiving a test signal and establishing an output signal as a consequence thereof. A test configuration checks if the output signal is within a given tolerance range. The test configuration has an output at which a corresponding result signal to be transmitted to outside the integrated circuit is generated when testing is performed.

Abstract: Modular and extendible electronic working surface made of basic elements which can be plugged together reversibly, whose top surfaces are configured as sensitive flat panel devices and which can exchange data with one another. Some or all the basic elements are equipped with memories and processors, have the basic functionality of a personal computer, and are able to communicate with external devices and data networks. The working surface can be used by a user or a plurality of users together as a universal, variable-size and mobile device for the input, output, processing and storage of data and as a data communications terminal device.

Abstract: A differential current protective device for a transformer arranged in a multi-phase power supply system and having at least one star-connected winding arrangement with a grounded star point. The differential current protective device receives currents proportional to the system currents via current transformers provided on the high and low voltage sides of the transformer. A computing circuit of the protective device determines a differential phase-related current from the currents measured, taking into account a current parameter that corresponds to the zero system current based on the phase and whose intensity is monitored. The differential current protective device includes an auxiliary current transformer having its primary winding in the connection between the star point and ground. The computing circuit processes the secondary current of the auxiliary current transformer as the current parameter corresponding to the zero system current.

Abstract: A transport device being movable automatically inside a pipe includes at least two clamping units to be displaced counter to one another and braced mechanically independently of one another in a pipe. Each of the clamping units has a base with a variable length and ends, as well as a plurality of clamping elements joining the ends together, for radial moving the clamping elements by varying the length of the base.

Abstract: Crack stops for substantially preventing cracks and chips produced along the dicing channel from spreading into the active areas of the ICs are described. The crack stops are formed by creating discontinuities in the thickness of the dielectric layer in the dicing channel near the chip edges. The discontinuities can result in increasing and/or decreasing the thickness of the dielectric layer.

Abstract: An adaptation method for correcting tolerances of a transducer wheel includes determining a correction factor for each individual tooth or each segment of the transducer wheel by measuring angular speed while taking into account both production tolerances and variations from one manufactured part to another of its kind as well as noncentral support of the transducer wheel on the shaft. The correction factor also compensates for a mass moment caused by a piston and a connecting rod. In an adaptation algorithm, a periodic disturbance by a gas moment caused by varying cylinder pressures and a moment fed back from the road are taken into account.

Abstract: A multi-pole, variable SMD terminal arrangement mountable on a circuit substrate has a stamped metallic element with at least three terminal poles connected with one another by means of a common connecting strip that can be removed after the soldering, the terminal poles having variably formed contact areas on the substrate side that are respectively deflected on one side from the plane of the connecting strip in basically z-shaped fashion, so that the contact areas deflected towards opposite sides form a support base for the terminal arrangement during assembly and soldering. The contact areas comprise end areas that form a contact plane that is coplanar to the substrate during assembly and soldering.

Abstract: Direct voltage and alternating voltage signals are decoupled from a first and a second pair of leads. The pairs of leads each carry an alternating voltage signal and they are subject to a direct voltage between them. A capacitive connection of the leads with the inputs of a signal receiving device allows decoupling of the alternative voltage signal. For decoupling one pole of the direct voltage signal, diodes are provided that are connected to the leads of the respective pair of leads. The diodes are each connected via a respective current source transistor to one terminal for the pole of the direct voltage. The control terminals of the current source transistors are controlled by the center tap of a voltage divider connected between the diodes. The embodiment for direct voltage decoupling is readily integratable.

Abstract: In order to avoid uncontrolled secondary damage to a fuel rod, in particular a fuel rod being formed of Zircaloy and having a liner on the inside, in which the secondary damage may be generated by coolant that enters the fuel rod in the event of primary damage, a nucleus is deliberately provided in a cladding tube. The nucleus, although passivated in an undamaged fuel rod and not impeding the serviceability of the fuel rod, is activated by coolant which enters the fuel rod in the event of primary damage or by hydrogen or other reaction products produced in reactions of the coolant in the interior of the fuel rod and results in a small-area perforation. This prevents an aggressive atmosphere, which may result in unintentional large-area secondary damage at other points, from accumulating in the cladding tube after primary damage.

Abstract: Circuit arrangement of a driver using bipolar NMOS technology for generating fast high/low edges with a low bias current requirement.

Abstract: A programmable fuse element disposed between integrated circuit elements that may be selectively joined during the manufacture or programming of an integrated circuit. The fuse element is a normally open fuse that electrically isolates the integrated circuit elements. The fuse element is comprised of a central area of conductive material insulated from the integrated circuit elements by areas of dielectric material. The integrated circuit elements and the fuse element are disposed on a thin oxide layer covering a semiconductor substrate to prevent those elements from shorting to the semiconductor substrate or to each other via the semiconductor substrate. A protective dielectric layer may be deposited over both the fuse element and the integrated circuit elements during the manufacture of the overall integrated circuit. A laser beam is used to burn through the protective layer and melts both the conductive material and the dielectric material that form the fuse element.

Abstract: An apparatus for examining tissue with light, for identifying inhomogeneities, such as tumors, in the tissue, bidirectionally transirradiates the tissue with light, and detects the light emerging from the tissue in the two directions, thereby providing different images of the tissue with the inhomogeneities therein represented with different contrast, thereby making identification of the inhomogeneity easier.

Abstract: A method is provided in which the reducing agent, during the starting phase of the internal-combustion engine and during operation with decreasing and, if appropriate, virtually constant exhaust gas temperature, is fed superstoichiometrically in relation to the nitrogen oxide concentration, while taking into account the temperature-dependent storage capacity of a denitration catalytic converter for the reducing agent. The reducing agent is otherwise fed substoichiometrically. In this manner, the catalytic converter is kept at all times at a preferred charge level, so that on one hand it is possible to provide sufficient stored reducing agent for the catalytic conversion and on the other hand it is possible to still have a reducing agent buffer available which avoids slip of the reducing agent. The invention can be used in all internal-combustion engines operated with air excess, such as diesel engines and lean-burn engines.

Abstract: A semiconductor module having a high dissipated power has an electrically insulating and thermally conducting layer of crystalline carbon provided between a semiconductor chip and a heat elimination element, whereby the semiconductor chip, the insulating layer and the heat elimination element are connected via an intermediate layer and via connecting layers of silver by pressure sintering. For low-voltage applications, a layer of amorphous carbon can alternatively be employed instead of the layer of crystalline carbon. Extremely low heat transmission resistance between the semiconductor chip and the heat elimination element is provided.

Abstract: The apparatus comprisesa magazine (M) for the acceptance of the stacked unit load and for offering the unit load in an upper fetching position (A) of the stack,a guide profile (FP) of the magazine (M) that is at least approximately L-shaped in crossection and that is arranged inclined such that the unit load lies against both legs of the guide profile, anda rotor (R) that carries at least one suction grab (SG) that is adjustable in radial direction and swivellably arranged, anda conveyor (F) for the acceptance and further-transport of the separated unit load, wherebymagazine (M), rotor (R) and conveyor (F) are aligned such relative to one another in terms of their spatial position that the suction grab (SG) can seize the unit load respectively offered in the fetching position (A) of the magazine (M) and transfer it to the conveyor (F) after a rotation of the rotor(R).

Abstract: An electrical connector has contacting devices which establish electrical contact with contacting devices of external terminals. The contacting devices have contact faces formed thereon. The contact faces having a shape which enables substantially overlap-free connections with contact faces on the contacting devices of the external terminals. This reduces boundary planes which lead to signal reflection.

Abstract: A cable closure for receiving electrical or optical splices has a lower shell and a cover and at least one end face of the lower shell has a fixed part and a removable sealing part. The lead-in openings are formed in a separating plane or line between the fixed part and the sealing element, and the lower shell and cover are connected to each other along one side by a hinge and fastening elements are located on the opposite longitudinal side of the closure. The cable closure includes cable-clamping devices for the cable sheath and clamping devices for central elements of the optical fiber cables.

Abstract: A gradient coil system for a diagnostic magnetic resonance apparatus has two gradient coil arrangements rotated perpendicular to one another, for the production of transverse magnetic field gradients. The two gradient coil arrangements each have several coil pairs arranged along an axis. The coil pairs are each formed by two gradient coils of the segment type. The respective numbers of coil pairs in the two gradient coil arrangements are different from one another, and the gradient coils of the two gradient coil arrangements mutually overlap one another.

Abstract: In the method, following an operating point determination of the quartz resonator circuit, a substitution of the equivalent circuit diagram of the quartz resonator by an independent current source is implemented with the initial, previously determined amplitude of the current of the dynamic arm of the quartz resonator. The dynamic equilibrium state is determined for this circuit arrangement with firing methods or methods of harmonic balance. After a resubstitution of the current source by the equivalent circuit diagram of the quartz resonator, a transient analysis is implemented for the dynamic equilibrium state. This method is iteratively implemented as long as the identified growth rate lies above a prescribable barrier.