Abstract: The present invention relates to phosphorus-modified epoxy resins of the formulae (I) and/or (II) ##STR1## The invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of these phosphorus-modified epoxy resins and to their use for the production of shaped articles, coatings or laminates.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of poly-o-hydroxyamides and poly-o-mercaptoamides, a bis-o-aminophenol or a bis-o-aminothiophenol is reacted with a dicarboxylic acid derivative with the following structure:M--CO--R*--CO--Mwhere M stands for the residue of an (optionally substituted) 2-hydroxybenzoxazole, 2-hydroxybenzothiazole, or 1-hydroxybenzotriazole or of corresponding mercapto compounds and R* is the parent body of the dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: An electrohydraulically actuatable injection valve includes a control piston which divides an annular conduit from a control chamber disposed between the control piston and an actuator rod. A spring is disposed between the control piston and the actuator rod. The annular conduit also communicates through a control valve with a drain. If the control valve is closed with the injection valve open, the control piston opens a communication between the annular conduit and the control chamber, so that a nozzle needle is pressed onto an associated valve seat and abruptly stops the injection.

Abstract: The modular relay has a base (1) on which a relay system (2, 3, 4) is constructed, as well as a printed circuit board (6) which stands upright on the base. Contact elements (41c, 42c, 43) of the relay are directly connected to flat connectors in the base, via conductor elements. Further conductor elements in the base likewise form flat connectors as connections for a modular circuit which is arranged on the printed circuit board. All conductor elements of the base additionally form solder connecting pins (51b to 56b), which are integrally formed, which all emerge in a row on one side wall of the base, and which are soldered to the printed circuit board in the lower edge region of said printed circuit board. This results in a compact modular structure for a relay having a maximum number of connecting elements, the allocation of these connecting elements being variable for different modular circuits.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a multi-constituent device layer on a wafer surface are disclosed. The multi-constituent device layer is formed by flowing a first chemistry comprising a first constituent and a second chemistry comprising a second constituent via a segmented delivery system into a reaction chamber. The reaction chamber comprises a susceptor for supporting and rotating the wafers. The segmented delivery system comprises alternating first and second segments into which the first and second chemistries, respectively, are flowed. The first segments comprise an area that is greater than an area of the second segments by an amount sufficient to effectively reduce the diffusion path of the first constituent. Reducing the diffusion path of the first constituent results in a more uniform distribution of the first constituent within the device layer.

Abstract: A receptacle (3, 13) for an anti-scatter grid (4) and the anti-scatter grid (4) of a catapult grid drawer (1) are constructed such that the anti-scatter grid (4) is held in the receptacle (3, 13) only in a predetermined orientation. In accordance with one variant, guides (5, 6) of the receptacle (3) cooperate with edges (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) of the anti-scatter grid (4) so that together they form a key and slot connection. In accordance with a further variant of the invention, e.g. the anti-scatter grid (4) is provided with a machine-readable code (14). A reader (15) for the code (14) as well as a lock (19) controlled by a signal from the reader (15) are provided in the region of the receptacle (13). The lock (19) releases the access to the receptacle (13) only if the predetermined orientation between the grid (4) and the receptacle (13) exists.

Abstract: Steam is generated by conducting a medium through a line which is exposed to solar irradiation. The line has a starting point where a medium supply line issues into the line. The heated medium is conducted away from the at least one line through a drain line. The medium, prior to feeding in at the starting point, is prepared in a power plant component and the medium is supplied at a pressure which is higher than the prevailing pressure in the at least one line, and at an enthalpy which is greater than an enthalpy of saturated water in the line. The medium is fed in as water or water and steam.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning and sterilizing all parts of a dental apparatus head exposed to contamination in a practical and economical way includes a cleaning chamber, which may be either a separate unit or an integral part of an apparatus head which receives dental instruments connected by hoses to the head. In one embodiment, the chambers are formed within the head and is closed by a flexible cover so that a cleaning fluid can be introduced into the chamber to clean the exterior surfaces and then disinfectants can be sprayed on the exterior surfaces and pass through internal conduits of the hoses and instruments. In another embodiment, the chamber is separate and receives the entire apparatus head and/or support brackets and is closable so that the head and/or support brackets can be thoroughly cleaned on the external surfaces and then subsequently disinfected with the internal surfaces being disinfected.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for improved washing and drying of semiconductor wafers utilizing an enhanced "Marangoni effect" flow of liquid off of the wafers for superior prevention of watermarks (water spots) on integrated circuits (ICs) on the wafers. The apparatus includes a housing 12 which may be hermetically sealed, an open-top wash tank 60 within a lower part of the housing, a moveable rack 16 for holding the wafers either in the tank for washing or in an upper part of the housing for drying, apparatus 34 for supplying chilled (near freezing) de-ionized water (DIW) to a lower part of the tank, the DIW flowing within the tank and overflowing the top thereof, a pump 20 for draining overflowing DIW from the housing, and apparatus 40 for supplying to the housing organic vapor such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA) in a dry gas such as nitrogen. During wafer drying operation of the apparatus the pressure within the housing is kept at about one Torr or less.

Abstract: A break-contact block includes two identical half-housings that have compartments formed by partitions to accommodate bridge-like contacts and respective springs. Two foot sections with projections in different arrangements make it possible to maintain a smaller spacing or a larger spacing depending on the relative positions of the two half-housings that are joined together. This makes it possible to manufacture break-contact blocks for thick or thin busbars using identical parts.

Abstract: An AC power controller includes at least two semiconductor regions reverse-connected in series. Each semiconductor region has an electron donor (source), an electron sink (drain) and an electron flow control electrode (gate) with characteristic curves such as those exhibited by FETs. Each semiconductor region also has an internal body diode. The gate-source voltage of a respective semiconductor region in the forward direction is set to be large enough to establish a desired limiting of the drain-source current. Yet, the gate-source voltage of the semiconductor region in the inverse mode is set to be large enough for the body diode to remain de-energized.

Abstract: In the control of a power station installation having a number of power station blocks, in which each power station block is controlled by using at least one reference variable, it is intended to permit reliable determination of especially favorable reference variables while also taking the current installation condition into account. To this end, a management system for the power station installation includes a computer unit which determines reference variables for the power station block or for each of the power station blocks through the use of a genetic algorithm, and an optimization module which is connected to the computer unit. The optimization module is connected to a number of neural networks and one neural network is assigned to each power station block.

Abstract: The protective housing (11) of the module IS placed in the manner of a cap on the outer edge (3) of a cooling body (1), on whose heat contact surface (5) facing the protective housing (11) lie the power components (9) or the circuit bearer (6) of a hybrid circuit (8). The protective housing (11) is made of plastic and has integrated clamp and lock areas (12, 13). The outer edge (3) of the cooling body (1) is fashioned so that by placing on of the protective housing (11) an annular positive and frictional connection can be produced between the protective housing (11) and the cooling body (1). The placing on simultaneously effects the surface pressure between the power components (9) and a heat contact surface (5) of the cooling body (1) by means of frictional connection elements (16, 17, 21) arranged between the power components (9) and the protective housing (11).

Abstract: In the method, a call setup in an ISDN communication network (ISDN) is initiated from a further communication terminal equipment (KEX) to a communication terminal equipment (KE) whose performance features are to be influenced. At least one setting information (esi) that influences a performance feature as well as an activation signal (aki) is communicated to the communication terminal equipment (KE) via a user--user information element (uui) that is standardized in the draft prETS 300 286 and inserted into the ISDN signaling information (si), and the call setup is subsequently ended. Initiated by the activation information (aki) and during the set up connection or after the cleardown of the connection, the respective performance feature of a service is automatically influenced in the communication terminal equipment (KE) according to the communicated setting information (esi). A remote control of performance features of services in ISDN communication networks is possible with the method.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for rolling a slab, in particular a slab whose thickness varies over its length, using at least two roll stands with a substantially constant and preferably low tension being maintained in the slab between the first and the second roll stand and with substantially constant exit thickness. Until the desired tension is reached in the slab, the rotational speed in the second roll stand is kept constant and the torque in the first roll stand is controlled so as to build up the desired tension in the slab between the first and the second roll stand. After the desired tension is reached, the rotational speed of the first roll stand and the torque of the second roll stand are kept constant.

Abstract: An arrangement for modeling a non-linear process including at least one input variable (x1, x2) and at least one output variable (y) can include a neural network and a device for specifying functional (or operational) values. A function of the neural network is determined in a first part of the domain of input variables (x1, x2) by learning from measuring data, which are obtained from the process by acquiring measured values. An empirically based device for specifying functional (or operational) values, preferably a fuzzy system, is provided in a second part of the domain of input variables (x1, x2) in which there are no measuring data for training the neural network. This arrangement is particularly useful when it is implemented in controllers.

Abstract: A circuit configuration includes a plurality of identical circuit blocks, at least one input terminal, at least one output terminal, a comparison device and a controlled switching device. The controlled switching device is to be connected to the identical circuit blocks, to the comparison device, to the at least one input terminal and to the at least one output terminal for coupling the identical circuit blocks to each other. The controlled switching device couples the at least one input terminal to the input side of the identical circuit blocks for supplying a path for input test patterns from the at least one input terminal to the identical circuit blocks. The controlled switching device couples the output side of the identical circuit blocks to the comparison device for supplying a path for output test patterns from each of the identical circuit blocks to the comparison device.

Abstract: A current differential protection arrangement for an electric power supply unit with a measured value pre-processing device and an analysis device that checks on the basis of a predefined dependence of a differential current on a stabilizing current (response characteristic curve) to determine whether the differential and stabilizing current values thus formed are in a blocking range or a triggering range, where an additional stabilization range is present in the blocking range. To avoid fixed-time blocking after an external fault with transformer saturation with such a protection arrangement, the analysis device in a stabilizing circuit contains a testing arrangement which checks the current values thus formed to determine whether they describe a point in the additional stabilization range. If this is the case, a blocking signal is produced, which activates the blocking device downstream from the testing arrangement.

Abstract: A process and a device for imaging the operational condition of a turbine during a starting process include imaging a reference course being ascertained from turbine-specific characteristics and from operation-relevant parameters. As the reference course, a particular characteristic starting curve derived from the turbine-specific values is determined, which is ascertained by the operation-relevant parameters from a number of stored characteristic starting curves. A course over time of a turbine rpm is imaged in addition to the reference course.

Abstract: The microoptical device has beam-parallelizing optics and a deflecting mirror configuration. The device converts a laser beam bundle, which is emitted by a laser diode strip structure or individual diode chips and which is comprised of a plurality of strip-shaped individual laser beams, into a rectangular or parallelogram-shaped laser beam bundle composed of parallelized strip-shaped individual laser beams arranged parallel next to one another. The beam-parallelizing optics may be a cylindrical lens, and the deflecting mirror configuration may be two rows of mirrors. The cylindrical lens and the rows of mirrors are preferably produced from a semiconductor material and they can therefore be produced cost effectively by means of methods used in semiconductor process engineering.