Abstract: An actuator is provided to protect against pinching an object when closing powered automatic windows or sun roofs in motor vehicles in compliance with safety requirements. The displacement speed of the actuator is reduced as a function of the path location of the window or sun roof so that the total force including the stored kinetic energy of the entire drive system in the approach of the window or sun roof panel to an obstacle does not exceed the maximum allowed closing force.

Abstract: In a method in the form of a single pulse sequence for operating a nuclear magnetic resonance tomography apparatus, suitable for use with a chronologically constant inhomogeneity of the basic magnetic field N radio-frequency excitation pulses (N<2), spaced with a time spacing T, are emitted onto an examination subject, under the effect of a magnetic field gradient in a first direction, the radio-frequency excitation pulses respectively having different frequency bands adjoining one another. Subsequently, radio-frequency refocusing pulses spaced with a time spacing of T/2 are emitted, with the nth radio-frequency excitation pulse and the nth radio-frequency refocusing pulse having respective frequency bands that substantially agree.

Abstract: Power MOSFETs with a source-side load are often triggered by so-called charge pumps. In order to provide a faster turnoff, until now the gate-to-source capacitance of the power MOSFET, which is typically constructed as an enhancement MOSFET, has been discharged through a depletion MOSFET that is parallel to the gate-to-source path. Those different MOSFET types require complicated and expensive production technology. A circuit configuration is proposed that makes it possible to use solely enhancement MOSFETs.

Abstract: The bidirectional driver circuit for PCI bus system involves minimal circuit outlay. It is manufactured in a 3.3 technology and is essentially also operated only with 3.3 V, but is suited for a 5 V signal environment. The driver circuit has at least one selection logic (AL), a control circuit (A), a p-channel MOS transistor (M113), a first, second and third n-channel MOS transistor (M110, M111, M112). The advantage of the driver circuit is in its minimal circuit outlay.

Abstract: A multilayer interconnect structure for a semiconductor integrated circuit comprising a base layer of titanium, a second layer of titanium nitride, a third layer of an aluminum alloy and a top layer of titanium nitride. All of the layers contained within the multilayer interconnect structure are deposited by in-situ deposition in an ultra-high vacuum deposition system. The different layers deposited in the deposition system are conducted consecutively without a disruption to the vacuum. Although each layer in the multilayer interconnect structure are deposited within the integrated ultra-high vacuum deposition system, with multiple deposition chambers, the deposition of the different layers is conducted at different temperatures. The time to the electromigration failure of the multilayer interconnect structure, caused by the electromigration of the aluminum alloy, is greatly increased by depositing the aluminum alloy layer at a temperature in excess of 300.degree. C. and preferably between 350.degree. C.

Abstract: The arrangement stores, in a knowledge base memory (KBM), important (dominant) and less important rules such that they can be distinguished from one another. From a rule weighting (gi) and from an aggregated rule weighting (Gi-1) is formed. The unsharp OR linking has a unit (BSUM) for forming a limited sum, if an important rule is present, and has a unit (MAX) for forming a maximum if a less important rule is present. In this way it is ensured that each important rule, for which the rule evaluation results in a rule weighting greater than zero, has an effect on the sharp value of the relevant output variable.

Abstract: In a fuel assembly for a nuclear reactor and a process for the production of a screen plate for a foot of the fuel assembly, a particle trap is disposed in the foot of the fuel assembly in order to protect fuel rods of the fuel assembly from damage by foreign bodies. The particle trap is formed of a one-piece screen plate into which holes in the screen plate are worked by electrochemical material erosion. It is thereby possible to produce holes with geometrical dimensions and shapes which can only be achieved with difficulty in a casting process or by mechanical machining.

Abstract: A semiconductor component, wherein the common power supply is fed via buried metal layers (7, 9) which are present over the entire area and are connected to active functional elements (1) by vertical conductive connections (13, 15), the planes with which contact is not intended to be made being insulated from these vertical connections (13, 15) by dielectric (11) sheathing the latter.

Abstract: In a method for setting up a call connection for a group call to a group of mobile radio subscribers in a mobile radio network, a subscriber calling a group of mobile radio subscribers dials a subscriber call number having numerals for the identification of the call as a group call, which number is received by a mobile switching center in the mobile radio network. The numerals of the subscriber call number are evaluated with reference to area information for the identification of a local service area and with reference to group information. After the evaluation of the numerals of the subscriber call number dialed for the group call, the area information and the group information are transmitted directly to the target mobile switching center responsible for the called group in the service area, by which the further connection set-up for the group call is initiated using the received area information and group information.

Abstract: Contact material based on silver, use of such a contact material in a switching device in power engineering, and process for preparing the contact material.For contact pieces in low-voltage switches, in particular, substitute materials based on silver-iron oxide are proposed for the silver-nickel hitherto often used in practice. According to the invention, such a material contains, as a further effective component, an oxide of a metal of the third sub-group, yttrium oxide (Y.sub.2 O.sub.3) being especially designed for this purpose. For example, a material of the composition Ag/Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 10/Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 1 meets, with its favourable temperature behaviour, the properties required with respect to the contact property spectrum. In addition, at least one metal oxide which contains elements of the sixth sub-group of the Periodic Table of the Elements, preferably iron tungstate (FeWO.sub.4), can be present. In particular, a material of the composition Ag/Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 9/Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 1/FeWO.sub.4 0.

Abstract: In an immobilizer and a method for initializing the immobilizer, a multiplicity of control devices, all of which must correctly signal back their identification code word before the vehicle can be started, are integrated in the immobilizer. If a control device is exchanged, the new control device must first be initialized. Key code words of two keys are necessary in order to do this. When both keys are accepted by a testing unit and a release signal is delivered to the testing unit through a diagnostics apparatus, the new code words are stored in the exchanged control device.

Abstract: A device for transmitting data or energy supply from or to a transponder, especially for an anti-theft system in a motor vehicle, includes an antenna oscillating circuit which is induced to oscillate by an exciter variable. The oscillation is transmitted by transformer coupling to a transponder oscillating circuit. In order to make the transmission of energy or data as effective as possible, the current or the voltage in the antenna oscillating circuit is measured and compared with a desired variable. Upon a deviation, a correction value is generated by which the exciter current is increased or the resonant frequency is adapted to the exciter frequency as a consequence of the addition of an impedance to the antenna oscillating circuit.

Abstract: A method for triggering or controlling a final control element uses a pulse width modulated signal. A sequence of the pulse width modulated signal is fixed by a predetermined time raster. After a predetermined number of standard pulses, one standard pulse is emitted and one long pulse follows that is twice as long as one standard pulse. In this way, seizing of the final control element is reliably prevented.

Abstract: An ordering method for ranking membership function values (Wi) of linguistic input values (LWEi) in a fuzzy logic processor is presented The steps of the method are:a) within the time of one processor clock, successively reading the membership function values (Wi) into holding elements (L1 . . . L4) and, after every reading, outputs of the holding elements are through-connected onto outputs (A . . . D) of a selector (SC) as determined by a selection signal (SEL);b) comparing the signals at the outputs (A . . . D) of the selector in comparators (C1,C2,C3) and generating control signals (S1 . . . S3) for a unit (SELC) which in turn generates the new selection signal (SEL); andc) writing pointers (MAX, MAX', MAX", MIN', MIN) into position registers (P1 . . . P5) with the assistance of the control signals (S1 . . . S3) such that the pointers enable a ranked access to the membership function values (Wi) in the holding elements (L1 . . . L4).

Abstract: In an approximative image reconstruction method for a computed tomography apparatus with a multi-row detector in spiral operation, a reinterpolation from fan data to parallel data (rebinning) is first carried out independently for all rows of the detector. With the parallel data, an image is reconstructed by having each beam contribute to the image with a weight that depends on the respective distance of the beam to the image plane. Each beam thereby receives a weight that, in general, changes along the beam. By approximating these weighting functions by a short Fourier series, an efficient Fourier reconstruction results.

Abstract: Circuit arrangement for current limiting, which contains, in a series path, the source-drain path of a field-effect transistor (12) and a current sensor (8) connected in series therewith. In order to achieve effective protection against momentary overcurrents, the rate of rise of the current is limited with the aid of an inductor (9) contained in the current sensor (8). A diode (11) acting as a freewheeling diode is arranged in parallel with the current sensor (8). The circuit arrangement can advantageously be used in apparatuses for supplying power to electrical telecommunications equipment.

Abstract: A current limiter with a controllable resistance which assumes a low value during rated service and a high value during a short-circuit disconnect. The current limiter includes a thermoplastic resistive member between two flat, metallic electrodes. Each of the flat metallic electrodes has a surface profile on the side facing the thermoplastic resistive member. The resistive member has a surface profile complementary to the surface profile on the adjacent surfaces of the flat electrodes. The flat electrodes and the resistive member are thereby inseparably connected, with the flat electrodes and the resistive member being pressed together by a pressure force. The interlocking of the surfaces results in an especially rapid readjustment of the limiter resistance from its high-resistance state during a short-circuit disconnect back to the low-resistance state during rated service.

Abstract: A spacer for a nuclear reactor fuel assembly includes sheet metal webs which intersect one another on edge and form grid meshes. A leaf spring projects from a sheet metal web in a grid mesh and is assigned to a bearing boss for the force-locking holding of a rod in the grid mesh. The leaf spring is attached to the sheet metal web at a leaf edge extending in the longitudinal direction of the rod. In order to avoid fretting in a nuclear reactor, a perforation is formed in the leaf spring and has a contour that narrows toward the sheet metal web to which the leaf spring is attached.

Abstract: A method and device for winding an elongated element onto a cable product comprises a probe for measuring the tensile stress of the elongated element as it moves from a supply coil to a point for winding the element onto the cable product.

Abstract: A method for controlling an exhaust gas recirculation device in an internal combustion engine includes calculating an actual value of an exhaust gas recirculation rate from a current air flow rate measured by an air flow rate meter and a theoretical air flow rate that would result without exhaust gas recirculation. A difference is formed from a desired value stored as a function of load and from the actual value for the exhaust gas recirculation rate. The difference is supplied to a controller which triggers an exhaust gas recirculation valve in such a way that a desired value of the exhaust gas recirculation rate is established.