Abstract: A process of manufacturing acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile by the catalytic reaction in the vapor phase of a paraffin selected from propane and isobutane with molecular oxygen and ammonia by catalytic contact of the reactants in a reaction zone with a catalyst, the feed composition having a mole ratio of the paraffin to ammonia in the range of from about 2.5 to 16 and a mole ratio of paraffin to oxygen in the range of from about 1.0 to 10, wherein said catalyst has the elements in the proportions indicated by the empirical formula:VSb.sub.m A.sub.a Mo.sub.b D.sub.d O.sub.xwhereA is one or more of Ti, Sn, Fe, Cr and Ga;D is one or more of Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Co, Ni, Zn, Ge, Nb, Zr, W, Cu, Te, Ta, Se, Bi, Ce, In, As, B and Mn;m equals 0.8 to 4;a equals 0.01 to 2;0<b<0.005;d is 0 to 2;x is determined by the oxidation state of the cations present, and the catalyst has been heat treated at a temperature of at least 780.degree. C.

Abstract: A fill valve has a main valve with a valving surface contacted by a valve disk. A series of offset radial paths separated by a toroidal path permit free radial flow at full open and quiet tortuous flow as the valve closes. Removal of a cap permits access to the main valve for cleaning. Indicia in the valve body provide easy height adjustments. A riser base is made up of easily molded locking parts and provides a variable height adjustment structure that is shielded from view. A flexible cup performs multiple functions including serving as a pilot valve, a vacuum breaker valve and a seal. A float for operating the pilot valve is pivotally mounted without extra parts or fasteners.

Abstract: A shipping envelope comprising first, second and third panels, each having a front and a back, are adjoined side to side adjacent a first fold line between the first and second panels, and a second fold line between the second and third panels. The first panel has fixed information including a return address on the front and a first adhesive on the back to secure the first panel to a shipping container. The second and third panels include one or more areas for printing a delivery address and other variable information. A second adhesive secures the first panel to another panel when the panels are folded along the first and second fold lines so that they overlie the first panel, so that the delivery address is facing out on the envelope. Advantageously, the second and third panels comprise a first ply and the first panel comprises a second ply with the first and second plies overlying one another and secured together by a third adhesive therebetween adjacent the first fold line.

Abstract: A compact endothermic reaction apparatus employing metallic reaction tubes in a close-pack arrangement using offset nozzle tubes and an air distribution plate for introducing fuel and air into a combustion chamber to produce long and thin flames thereby to avoid excessive localized heating of the reaction tubes and provide high reaction tube life expectancy. Also, excessive localized heating of the reaction tubes at the inlet ends of exhaust tubes is eliminated and provision is made for preventing buckling of individual reaction tubes that may be subjected to higher than average reaction tube temperatures.

Abstract: A compact gas fired water heater is provided for recreational vehicles or the like, with higher recoveries and greater efficiencies resulting from increased heating surface and smoother flow of gases in the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is comprised of two straight horizontal lengths of tube joined in the rear by a specially formed coupler with an additional plate between the tubes to close the front of the coupler.

Abstract: The effective flow area of a restriction in a gas flow passage, such as that of a gas turbine nozzle or vane, is determined by use of a large reservoir containing pressurized gas which is discharged through the passage in a blowdown operation in which the ratio of back pressure of the restriction to gas pressure in the reservoir is maintained below critical for sonic flow; a timer may be used to measure the time for a predetermined fall of pressure in the reservoir whilst there is sonic flow through the restriction.

Abstract: A cellulosic substrate which is suitable for use as a mailer or envelope and which has at least one transparentized portion is provided. A method of transparentizing a cellulosic substrate by the application of a transparentizing material which provides enhanced toner adhesion properties, fast penetration rates and which is cured by exposure to radiation is also provided. The addition of small amounts of water to the transparentizing material enhances penetration rates. Further, these transparentizing materials may be applied without the need for solvents. These features thus permit continuous, in-line transparentization.

Abstract: A refrigeration system includes a cooling coil and two variable speed heat exchanger wheels (an enthalpy wheel and a sensible wheel) whose rotational speeds are adjusted to control the humidity and temperature of a comfort zone as well as limit the minimum temperature of the cooling coil itself. Each wheel has one half extending across a supply air passageway and another half extending across a return air passageway to transfer heat between the supply air and the return air at a rate that increases with the speed of the wheel. The enthalpy wheel is near the intake and exhaust of outdoor air. The sensible wheel is near a supply air duct and a return air duct associated with the comfort zone. And the cooling coil is disposed in the supply air passageway between the two wheels. In response to a cooling demand, enthalpy wheel speed is adjusted to maintain a minimum coil temperature to avoid coil freeze-up, while sensible wheel speed is adjusted to meet the cooling load.

Abstract: Security paper, security documents made from the security paper, and processes for making the security paper, are provided. A filament is bonded and embedded into paper which has previously been manufactured. The filament is bonded to the paper by an adhesive, or by heat and pressure. The filament is embedded into the paper by pressure applied by rolls. The filament may be imprinted with printed matter for visual confirmation of document authenticity. The filament may include any combination of security features, such as reflective filaments, fluorescent filaments, and high tensile strength filaments.

Abstract: An axially elongated extruder screw includes a screw body having an axially extending extruding portion defined by a feed section at an inlet end of the screw, a metering section at an outlet end of the screw and a barrier section between the feed and metering sections. A first helical primary flight extends continuously about and is coaxial with the screw body substantially along the entire length of the extruder screw. A second helical primary flight extends continuously at least part-way along the feed section to the outlet end of the extruder screw. The barrier section of the extruder screw defines first and second barrier flights positioned between the primary flights and cooperating therewith to form first and second melt and solids channels that extend along the barrier section of the extruder screw.

Abstract: An optically decodable security document is provided comprising a security image area defined on a face of the document. The security image area is divided into a plurality of image element cells defining an array of image element cells across the security image area. The image element cells define first and second diagonal axes and a cell center positioned at the intersection of the first and second diagonal axes. A first type of printed tiling element is printed in selected ones of the image element cells to define a printed security image within the security image area. A second type of printed tiling element is printed in selected ones of the image element cells to define a printed complementary security image within the security image area.

Abstract: A reactor comprising: a hollow shell defining a hermetic enclosure; a plurality of tube sheets disposed within said hermetic enclosure, a first one of said plurality of tube sheets defining a first chamber; at least one reaction tube each having a first end and an opposing second end, said first end being fixedly attached and substantially hermetically sealed to one end of said plurality of tube sheets and opening into said first chamber, the second end being axially unrestrained; each of said reaction tubes is comprised of an oxygen selective ion transport membrane with an anode side wherein said oxygen selective ion transport membrane is formed from a mixed conductor metal oxide that is effective for the transport of elemental oxygen at elevated temperatures and at least a portion of said first and second heat transfer sections are formed of metal; each of said reaction tubes includes first and second heat transfer sections and a reaction section, said reaction section disposed between said first and second

Abstract: A screw compressor employs a piston unloader disposed in a bore remote from the compressor's working chamber. Flow communication between the bore and working chamber is through a series of unloader ports. The unloader piston has an end portion of uniform geometry which causes the physically non-overlapping unloader ports to, in effect, overlap in operation and is such that the unloader piston need not be maintained in any specific orientation within the bore in which it resides in order to unload the compressor in a continuous fashion.