Abstract: A method for controlling the encapsulation efficiency and burst release of water soluble molecules from nanoparticle and microparticle formulations produced by the inverted Flash NanoPrecipitation (iFNP) process and subsequent processing steps is presented. The processing steps and materials used can be adjusted to tune the encapsulation efficiency and burst release of the encapsulated water-soluble material. The encapsulation efficiency of the soluble agent in the particles and the burst release of the soluble agent from the particles can be controlled by: (1) the copolymers used in the assembly or coating process, (2) the degree of crosslinking of the nanoparticle core, (3) the incorporation of small molecule or polymeric additives, and/or (4) the processing and release conditions employed.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the field of quasicrystalline structures.

Abstract: Various embodiments are directed to Reed-Muller decoding systems and methods based on recursive projections and aggregations of cosets decoding, exploiting the self-similarity of RM codes, and extended with list-decoding procedures and with outer-code concatenations. Various embodiments are configured for decoding RM codes (and variants thereof) over binary input memoryless channels, such as by, for each received word of RM encoded data, projecting the received word onto each of a plurality of cosets of different subspaces to form thereby a respective plurality of projected words; recursively decoding each of the respective plurality of projected words to form a respective plurality of decoded projected words; and aggregating each of the respective decoded projected words to obtain thereby a decoding of the corresponding received word of RM encoded data.

Abstract: Disclosed are dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) devices and methods of use for sterilizing surfaces. The DBD devices generally include one or more first electrodes, one or more second electrodes or chemical reagent layers, and at least one dielectric layer between the one or more first electrodes and the one or more second electrodes or chemical reagent layers. In various configurations, the at least one dielectric layer is either (a) in contact with at least one of the first electrodes or (if present) at least one chemical reagent layer, or (b) is separated from the one or more first electrodes by a first gap and is also separated from the one or more second electrodes or chemical reagent layers by a second gap.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and techniques for increasing heat transfer from a substrate to a working fluid. The systems may include a substrate comprising a plurality of grooves or cavities on at least one external surface. The system may also include an infusing liquid filling at least a majority of the plurality of grooves. The system may also include a working fluid configured to flow parallel to the external surface.

Abstract: Various embodiments comprise systems, methods, architectures, mechanisms or apparatus for providing programmable or pre-programmed in-memory computing operations.

Abstract: When one looks at a face, one cannot help but ‘read’ it: in the blink of an eye, people form reliable impressions of both transient psychological states (e.g., happiness) and stable character traits (e.g., trustworthiness). Such impressions are irresistible, formed with high levels of consensus, and important for social decisions. Disclosed herein is a large-scale data-driven methodology that allows for the easy manipulation of social trait information in hyper-realistic face images. For example, a given face image could be made to look more or less trustworthy by moving a simple slider. Further, this method can not only generate faces, but can ‘read’ faces as well, providing confidence estimates of different social traits for any arbitrary image. The disclosed approach is both fast and accurate, and represents a paradigm shift in facial photo manipulation.

Abstract: The present application provides a method of assaying pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity in a mammalian cell that expresses human sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) comprising measuring a level of a dihydrolipoyllysine acetyltransferase (DLAT) lipoamide peptide comprising the amino acid sequence TDK[lipoyl]AT in the cell. The present application also demonstrates that sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) acts as a cellular lipoamidase that negatively regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity through hydrolysis of its lipoamide cofactors.

Abstract: A quantum information processing system comprises a light source, a detector, at least one spatial light modulator and at least one optical lens. The light source is configured to provide a beam of entangled photons. The at least one optical lens is configured to project the resultant beam onto the spatial light modulator, either by direct imaging or by performing a full or partial optical Fourier transform. Said spatial light modulator includes a plurality of discrete pixels and is configured to select one or more of the plurality of discrete pixels to generate a resultant beam from said beam of entangled photons. The resultant beam from said spatial light modulator is projected onto the detector. For optical computation, such as search algorithms, the configuration and projections are repeated to find the optimal solution.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to iron-containing compounds including a 2,6-diimino(heteroaryl) ligand useful for producing substituted-cyclo-alkanes, such as vinyl cyclobutanes. The present disclosure provides new and improved iron-containing catalysts with enhanced solubility in hydrophobic (nonpolar) solvents.

Abstract: The invention described herein relates to colloidal particles useful for photoacoustic imaging. The particles comprise a photoacoustic imaging agent with an absorbance maximum or plateau in the range of wavelengths 700-1100 nm. The imaging agent also displays low optical absorbance at some wavelength in the range 700-1100 nm. This combination of high and low optical absorbance enables background subtraction in photoacoustic imaging applications. The imaging agent is an organic compound having low aqueous solubility so that it is stably encapsulated in the hydrophobic core of the particle. The particle is stabilized by a polymeric surface coating, and the polymeric stabilizing layer on the surface of the particle may contain targeting ligands for targeted diagnostics or therapeutic delivery. The particle core may also contain therapeutic agents or other imaging agents.

Abstract: Various embodiments comprise systems, methods, architectures, mechanisms, apparatus, and improvements thereof for in-memory computing using charge-domain circuit operation to provide energy efficient, high speed, capacitor-based in-memory computing. Various embodiments contemplate controlling input signal presentation within in-memory computing structures/macros in accordance with predefined or dynamic switch selection criteria to reduce energy consumption associated with charging and/or discharging summing capacitors during reset and evaluation operating modes of multiplying bit-cells (M-BCs).

Abstract: A method for controllably making catalysts with at least one metallic surface state, that includes: a) identifying all the topological insulators in the ICSD, b) calculating the Real Space Invariants of the valence bands for all these topological insulators in order to c) identify in all these topological insulators the Wyckoff Positions where the irreducible Wannier Charge Centers (WCCs) are localized, and then d) selecting as potentially catalytic active compound a topological insulator in which the position of WCCs is not occupied by any atom; e) synthesizing a crystal of the selected potentially catalytic active compound either so that it is grown in a predefined crystallographic direction (characterized by its Miller indices (h,k,l)) which exposes the metallic surface state; or cutting the crystal in a predefined crystallographic direction (characterized by its Miller indices (h,k,l)), so that the metallic surface state is exposed when ( ( { ( h , k , l ) · ( x - X j , y -

Abstract: A method is provided for measuring different flow properties of a fluid. The method includes (a) providing a nanowire, the resistance of the nanowire varying based on temperature changes of the nanowire that reflect values of the different flow properties of the fluid when the nanowire is operated in different modes of operation respectively, such that the nanowire measures different flow properties when operated in different modes of operation respectively, and (b) alternating the nanowire between different modes of operation, measuring different flow properties of the fluid during the different modes of operation, respectively, and using the measurements of one of the flow properties to correct the measurements of another flow property. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique for constructing optogenetic amplifier and inverter circuits utilizing transcriptional activator/repressor pairs, in which expression of the transcriptional activator or repressor, respectively, is controlled by light-controlled transcription factors. This system is demonstrated utilizing the quinic acid regulon system from Neurospora crassa, or Q System, a transcriptional activator/repressor system. This is also demonstrated utilizing the galactose regulon from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or GAL System. Such optogenetic amplifier circuits enable multi-phase microbial fermentations, in which different light schedules are applied in each phase to dynamically control different metabolic pathways for the production of proteins, fuels or chemicals.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a quantitative screen for the assessment of microbiome derived drug metabolism. The disclosed quantitative screen, named MDMQ-Screen, may be employed, inter alia, for assessing the impact of the human gut microbiome on drug metabolism. MDMQ-Screen is used to measure and explain inter-individual variability in drug metabolism. This information is crucial in explaining potential toxic effects of the administered drugs, as well variability in response to therapy between individuals. Inter alia, MDMQ-Screen can be used to assess unexplained variability in drug response and toxicity of already used medications; used in future drug development pipelines to aid in the design and interpretation of clinical trials; and used at bedside to assess the probability of drug response and toxicity and provide recommendations for therapeutic modifications in a personalized medicine manner.

Abstract: Disclosed is a miniaturized plasma propulsion device with minimized surface area of the thruster walls exposed to the plasma and, as a result, reduced plasma-surface interactions including a set of segmented electrodes to facilitate the following improvements compared to relevant existing technologies: 1) control of the plasma flow including focusing of the plasma plume 2) increase of the thrust 2) reduction of inefficiencies associated with the electron cross field current, and 3) mitigation of low frequency oscillations. The electrodes affect all these actions when a DC or modulated voltage is applied to one or all of them with the same or different amplitudes, with the same or different frequencies or phases which are all optimized to realize the best performance through changes in the acceleration and/or ionization regions. In addition, the applied voltage to the main electrodes may also be modulated.

Abstract: Compositions that increase the bioavailability of dihydromyricetin are presented. The bioavailability is increased by methods including formulating dihydromyricetin in nanoparticle form, delivering dihydromyricetin with permeabilizers, and encapsulating dihydromyricetin with an enteric coating.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a system and method for producing ultrasound images based on Full Waveform Inversion (FWI). The system captures acoustic/(an)elastic waves transmitted through and reflected and/or diffracted from a medium. The system performs an FWI process in a time domain in conjunction with an accurate wave propagation solver. The system produces 3D maps of physical parameters that control wave propagation, such as shear and compressional wavespeeds, mass density, attenuation, Poisson's ratio, bulk and shear moduli, impedance, and even the fourth-order elastic tensor containing up to 21 independent parameters, which are of significant diagnostic value, e.g., for medical imaging and non-destructive testing.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described, and one system includes a three-dimensional (3D) geometric tracker connected to a multiband (MB) inverse synthetic aperture array radar (ISAR), and a classification/alarm logic. The MB ISAR includes spatially distributed radar transmitters (TXs) and receivers (RXs), a TX/RX allocation logic, and a tomographic (TM) image logic. The TX/RX allocation logic is configured to receive 3D tracking data from the 3D geometric tracker, indicating subject 3D position and 3D orientation and, in response, dynamically allocate TXs and RXs to maintain MB illumination of and maintain MB reception of multiple scatter angles from subjects. The TM image processor is configured to construct TM images from the scatter angles, using 3D tracking data, for input to the classification and alarm logic. Optionally, the TX/RX resource allocation logic is configured to receive situation feedback data, for feedback adjusting of allocation of TXs and RXs.