Abstract: A sapphire wafer-grinding method which can minimize the warp of a plane ground sapphire wafer. A sapphire wafer used with a semiconductor device is so fabricated that its surface is constituted by an R plane {1102}. A plurality of C planes or atomic net planes (0001) extend in parallel crosswise of the sapphire wafer at an inclination angle of about 57.6.degree. to the surface or R plane {1102} of the sapphire wafer. The particles of a rotating grindstone are moved in the normal inclination direction of the C planes (0001) of the sapphire wafer to grind the surface or R plane {1102} of the sapphire wafer. The normal inclination direction of the C planes (0001) of the sapphire wafer includes the directions which are deflected on the R plane from the projection of the C axis [0001] of the sapphire wafer to an extent of .+-.35.degree..

Abstract: A picture signal processing circuit for use in a picture reproducing apparatus, wherein a picture to be copied is optically scanned by a line image sensor to provide picture signals for each of the plural picture elements of the picture. A detector circuit is arranged to detect a local variation in the density of the picture based on a convolution operation on picture signals of a two-dimensional picture-element array to produce a local density variation detection signal which represents a high frequency component of the input signal. The picture-element array being detected is shifted by one picture element in a scanning direction during optical scanning of the picture. A signal processor circuit is responsive to the local density variation detection signal to switch between a simple binarization processing using single threshold data and a dithering binarization processing using dither matrix threshold data for the picture signal to be applied to a printer.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a fuel cell electrolyte matrix comprises the steps of providing a fuel electrode and oxidizing electrode respectively coated with a catalyst layer on one side, forming a layer of powdery electrolyte-resistive material on the surface of at least one of the catalyst layers, coating a paste layer prepared from acid electrolyte and powdery electrolyte-resistive material on the powder layer or catalyst layer of the fuel electrode and/or the powder layer or catalyst layer of the oxidizing electrode, tightly superposing the fuel electrode and oxidizing electrode on each other with the paste layer and powder layer interposed therebetween, thereby forming an electrolyte matrix between both electrodes.

Abstract: An NMR diagnostic apparatus and method for producing a high spatial resolution image of a thick, predetermined region of an object under NMR examination. A static magnetic field is applied to the object along its longitudinal axis. A G.sub.z magnetic field gradient is applied to the object along the longitudinal axis for a first time period. This causes magnetizations of individual nuclear spins within the object to rotate at different phases depending upon the position of the nuclei within the predetermined region of the object. Radio frequency pulses are then applied along the longitudinal axis of the object, in the absence of any magnetic field gradient. The RF pulses excite the nuclei within the predetermined region. During a second time period, a magnetic field gradient G.sub.xy is applied to the object in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A voltage comparison circuit having an amplification circuit which includes an inverting amplifier and a switching MOS transistor for setting an operation point of the inverting amplifier connected between input and output terminals of the inverting amplifier. The amplification circuit further includes at least one low-pass filter connected in a closed loop including the inverting amplifier and the switching MOS transistor.

Abstract: An NMR diagnostic apparatus capable of obtaining tomographic images in any direction and in any portion of the patient. A magnetic device applies a static magnetic field along a longitudinal axis of the patient. A first coil device is arranged along this longitudinal axis and applies a first gradient magnetic field in conjunction with the static magnetic field so as to define a slice in the patient which is to be examined. The first coil device also applies at least one second gradient magnetic field which defines a projection angle from which NMR signals are obtained. A probe head coil device applies RF pulses to excite nuclei in the slice and to detect the NMR signals emanating from the slice. A second coil device is arranged along the longitudinal axis and applies to the slice a shifting magnetic field which shifts a magnetically-zero plane of the first gradient magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the magnetically-zero plane.

Abstract: An address translation system is provided which has a real storage, a virtual storage having a "V.dbd.R" segment (first segment), second segments to be subjected to two-level paging, and page table segments (third segments) to be used as a page table corresponding to the second segments, a segment table, a first page table which corresponds to the second segments, a second page table which corresponds to the page table segments, and a memory control unit having a virtual address register and a microprocessor for translating the virtual address in the virtual address register into a real address.

Abstract: In a data processor performing an input and output paging function, a main memory (MMU) and an input and output processor (IOP) connected to the MMU through a bus are provided. The MMU stores a list-service page table for mapping a logical space in which channel command entries are located, and a data service page table for mapping the data transfer areas specified by channel command entries, pointers for the respective page tables, and flags for the designation of a physical or logical address. The IOP reads the pointers from the MMU, refers to the respective page tables, determines whether the specified address is physical or logical, and translates it into an effective address.

Abstract: A cache memory control system has a segment descriptor with a 1-bit cache memory unit designation field, and a register for storing data representing the cache memory unit designation field. An output from the register is supplied to one cache memory unit, whereas inverted data of the output from the register is supplied to the other cache memory unit.

Abstract: In a display device, a picture element capacitor is connected to a light emitting element provided in each picture element. This picture element capacitor is connected to a signal source through a switching element. The picture element is charged, by the signal source, with a signal charge corresponding to an input signal, through the closure of the switching element during some period of time. The signal charge charged into the picture element capacitor is supplied to the light emitting element, whereby the element emits lights.

Abstract: A sorting and stacking apparatus has a currency note feeding section for feeding currency notes one at a time; and a currency note inspecting section for inspecting the denomination of a currency note, a normal note, a damaged note, an obverse-presented note and a reverse-presented note. The currency notes of a predetermined denomination among the currency notes fed by the currency note feeding section are fed to a first stacking section having first and second pockets while currency notes of other denominations are fed to the second stacking section. When the first pocket of the first stacking section is filled with the currency notes, the transport path of the currency note is automatically switched toward the second pocket. Subsequent currency notes are thus stacked in the second pocket of the first stacking section.

Abstract: A phosphor screen constructed by forming a phosphor layer on one side of an optical fiber plate consisting of a large number of bundled single optical fibers, each of which fibers comprises a cylindrical core and a clad surrounding the curved surface of the fiber core. At least that side of the respective fiber cores which faces the phosphor layer is removed, to provide a depression. Sufficiently large spaces are formed between the fiber cores and phosphor layer, to prevent both members from being brought into optical contact with each other.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a MOS device wherein a semiconductor substrate is selectively etched to form a groove in a field region and an element formation region surrounded by the groove such that an angle .theta. is formed between a wall of the groove and a first imaginary extension of a top surface of the element formation region, the angle .theta. satisfying the relation, 70.degree..ltoreq..theta..ltoreq.90.degree.. Then, a field insulating film is deposited in the groove, and a MOS transistor is formed in the element formation region. The element formation region has source, drain and channel regions of a field effect transistor therein and a gate electrode formed on a gate insulating film on the channel region. The gate electrode extends onto the surface portion of the field insulating film.

Abstract: A semiconductor device capable of suppressing the influence of a parasitic pnp transistor caused when an npn transistor operates in saturation range in such a way that a p-type impurity region is formed in the outer layer of an n-type collector region and electrically short-circuited with the n-type collector region isolated by a p-type isolation diffusion layer in the npn bi-polar transistor.

Abstract: A current source circuit contains a transistor for controlling current flowing into an electric/photo converting element in a control photo coupler so that current flowing into a photo/electric converting element in the control photo coupler is equal to a predetermined ratio of an input current from an input current source. The control photo coupler and an output photo coupler are interconnected so that the current proportional to the current flowing into the electric/photo converting circuit of the control photo coupler is fed into the electric/photo converting circuit of the output photo coupler.

Abstract: A bucket is so supported by a pair of supporters that it can move up and down, through vertical slits formed in the supporters and pins formed on the bucket and entering the vertical slits. A guide member can reciprocate horizontally, along one of the supporters. The guide member has slanted slits into which the pins on the bucket are individually fitted. When a cartridge is horziontally inserted into the bucket, a slider moves forward in conjunction with the cartridge, thereby rocking the interlocking body retaining the guide member, to disengage the guide member from the interlocking body. The guide member is moved in the cartridge retreating direction by a tension spring, and the bucket is lowered by the joint action of the slanted slits, the vertical slits and the pins. Thus, a magnetic disk engages with the shaft of a motor. If an ejecting lever is pushed in, the guide member moves in the cartridge insertion direction and the bucket is raised by the action of the slanted slits, etc.

Abstract: Speaker verification is tested in a sequence of steps: speech recognition of the spoken identification code (key code) is followed by speaker verification using the sounds of the spoken identification code. If verification fails, the speaker is urged by a speech synthesizer to utter his or her name for speaker verification.

Abstract: An X-ray diagnostic apparatus comprises, an X-ray radiation source for generating an X-ray and projecting the same toward an object, an X-ray detector for detecting the X-ray which has transmitted through the object to derive a total X-ray intensity signal of the object including a primary X-ray signal component and a scattered X-ray signal component, a signal processor which processes the X-ray intensity signal detected from the X-ray detector in such a manner that a scattered X-ray intensity distribution which is pre-calculated based upon the X-ray intensity signal is eliminated from an X-ray intensity distribution obtained from the X-ray intensity signal so as to derive a distribution function of the primary X-ray signal component without adverse influences on the scattered X-ray signal component, and a monitor for displaying a distribution from based upon the distribution function of the primary X-ray signal component.

Abstract: In an optical head, laser beams are converged by an objective lens and projected on a light-receiving surface of an optical disk. The laser beam is reflected by the light-receiving surface, converged by the objective lens into parallel laser beams, and directed to a light shielding plate. Only the laser beam passing through the region spaced from the optical axis is allowed to pass by the light shielding plate, and part of this laser beam is converged by a convergent lens and projected on photo sensitive regions of the photo detecting unit. The objective lens has a convergent point and an inherent maximum defocusing allowance with reference to this convergent point. The photo sensitive regions have a total area larger than that of a circle having a radius Rd.Rd=(r/F){.vertline..DELTA..vertline./m+(m+.vertline..DELTA..vertline./f*)2. vertline..delta.c.vertline.

Abstract: In a pattern recognition system for speech or print, a first memory stores predetermined reference vectors. A second memory stores subsequently-determined reference vectors subsequent to misrecognition when a new speaker or font is inputted, whereby only the deformations (differences) from a predetermined category of vectors are stored.