Abstract: The source encoder for video pictures described includes a preprocessing unit (PP) which supplies block-sequentially the data of a video picture. The video picture is then transferred to an encoding unit (C) via a controllable switch (S). The encoding unit includes inter alia a picture store and a controllable quantizer; it is followed by a buffer store (PS). A control unit (K) supervises the buffer store (PS) and controls in dependence on the filling level thereof the controllable switch (S), the encoding unit (C) and the quantizer included therein. In order to obtain a good picture quality, measures have been taken to ensure that the control unit (K) additionally controls the quantizer in dependence on the time elapsed after the maximum filling level of the buffer store (PS) has been reached and/or in dependence on the actual value of the quantization stepsize, such that during the entire operation the value of the quantization stepsize only passes through adjacent values.

Abstract: In a receiver for a high-definition television system a complicated motion compensated interpolation circuit for the chrominance can be dispensed with; in the event of small motions the interferences caused thereby are so small as to be disregarded, in the event of larger motions disturbing differences between the motion compensated luminance and the non-motion compensated chrominance can be prevented by switching to a processing operation which provides a lower spatial resolution for the chrominance. Herein, use is made of the fact that the eye is less sensitive to short-comings in (the resolution of) the chrominance signal than for short-comings in (the resolution of) the luminance signal. The render such a receiver possible, the television signal must be adequately processed at the transmitter end.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device of the "planar" type comprising a highly doped substrate having a doping concentration c.sub.o and an epitaxial surface layer having a carrier concentration c<c.sub.o, in which are formed a main pn junction having a depth x.sub.j and a structure of floating guard rings. According to the invention, this device also includes between the substrate and the epitaxial surface layer, a second epitaxial layer having a carrier concentration c' such that c.sub.o >c'>c. This permits the production of devices with different maximum operating voltages using the same configuration of guard rings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a connector for an optical waveguide which is inserted capable of sliding into a wire sleeve (4), comprising a housing (1) in which a connector element (9) accommodating the LWG (6) is arranged with radial play and capable of axial movement against the action of a spring (12), the optical waveguide (6) being freely inserted into a slide space formed between the connector element (9) and a rear wall of the housing (1) and permitting the axial sliding motion. Kinks in the LWG and additional attenuations are prevented in that the LWG is surrounded in the slide space by a sleeve which is arranged in the slide space in such a manner that it is radially and axially movable relative to the LWG.

Abstract: A bandpass filter circuit arrangement in which a pair of parallel-resonant circuits (1, 2) are reactively intercoupled has a pair of signal input terminals (16, 17) connected to one of the resonant circuits (1) and a pair of output terminals (18, 19) connected to the other resonant circuit (2). Tuning of the filter is accomplished by varying the capacitive component of each circuit by varying the output of a tuning voltage source (20). In order to compensate for the deviation from the optimum intercoupling which would otherwise occur with change of tuning frequency the capacitive component of each resonant circuit is formed by two pairs (5, 7 and 6,8, or 9,11 and 10, 12) of capacitors in series, each series-connected pair effectively forming a varaible capacitive voltage divider to the tap on which the reactive intercoupling means (15) is connected. One capacitor (5, 6, 9 or 10) of each pair is variable, and all these are adjusted at the same rate.

Abstract: A target detection system is provided for examining picture signals of a scene which may contain a target signal (15,16) to be detected against background signals (17,18). The image is divided into sub-images and sub-stores are provided one each for the sub-images (19). The values of a set of features, such as brightness, volume or quietness, of the background and target picture signals associated with each sub-image in the respective sub-store are calculated and stored. The statistical distributions of the background and target features in each sub-store to set a target decision threshold, in feature terms, for each sub-image are calculated. The feature values of an incoming picture signal in a sub-image are compared with the decision threshold in the associated sub-store to provide a target detection signal. Each sub-image threshold relates to the image status in that particular sub-image. A lower false alarm rate with a higher detection probability is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a switch box for producing freely selectable optical connections between the LWGs of incoming optical cables and the LWGs of outgoing optical cables by means of optical shunting lines. The production of any connection is made possible in an ordered and certain way in an arrangement in which LWG groups of the incoming optical cables are connected to a first group of adjacent termination units, LWG groups of the outgoing optical cables are connected to a second group of adjacent termination units, the individual LWGs of the incoming and of the outgoing cables are connected to optical plug connector elements provided on the terminal units, the shunting lines are connected on both sides to mating connector elements, and excessive lengths of the shunting lines not required for producing a connection are stored in storage elements.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for processing a picture signal for transmission in which the picture signal (Y) is applied to a segmentation device (2) where it is subjected to a segmentation algorithm to identify regions of similar intensity. The resulting region signal is applied to a modal filter (9) in which region edges are straightened and then to an adaptive contour smoothing circuit (10) in which contour sections identified as representing false edges are filtered. The filtered signal is subtracted from the original luminance signal in a subtractor (12) to produce a luminance texture signal which is encoded by a texture encoder (17). The region signal is encoded in a region encoder (24) together with flags indicating which of the contours in the region signal represent false edges.

Abstract: A temperature controlled crystal oscillator circuit comprising an amplifier (12) having a feedback path including a crystal (26) and a frequency pulling element (28), and a temperature compensating voltage generating circuit (30) coupled to the frequency pulling element (28). The voltage generating circuit (30) produces a voltage, V.sub.comp, generated in accordance with the following function:V.sub.comp =b*exp[a1(T-T.sub.R)]+b*exp[-a2*(T-T.sub.R)]+c*(T-T.sub.R)whereT.sub.R is a reference temperature in degrees KelvinT is the working temperature in degrees Kelvina1, a2, b and c are constants.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging device and method are disclosed in which, during acquisition of measuring data the receiver gain is switched over in dependence of the signal strength, so that in principle every data set of the various measuring cycles has an optimum signal to noise ratio.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of forming images of layers of an object, and a device for performing this method. The layer images are formed from single-shadow images produced from different radiation source positions. The image values of the single-shadow images are first stored in a first as well as in a second memory. From the values of given image points in the second memory, a layer image value is calculated. The layer image value is added to the corresponding image points in a third memory. From the differences between these standardized sums in the third memory and the original image values in the first memory, there are formed correction values for correcting the image values in the second memory. Improved layer images are thus obtained.

Abstract: Package for a very high frequency integrated circuit comprising a housing provided with a recess whose bottom is metallized and provided with peripheral connectors, and including a connection device inserted in the recess between the integrated circuit and the connectors, this connection device including a substrate that presents an upper surface comprising microstrip lines to connect contact studs of the integrated circuit to the connectors of the housing and a metallized lower surface to form a ground plane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of feeding a plurality of optical waveguides into a clamping device, between whose clamping jaws the optical waveguides are clamped in a side-by-side relationship in one plane.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for transmitting in an undisturbed manner a binary signal through two parallel branches even in case of breakdown, failure or interruption of operating voltages of individual components of a branch, and also to enable a disturbance-free exchanging of individual modules in a branch in which each branch has its own supply means fed by an input for the binary signal to be transmitted, which supply means has two gates together producing an inverting and a non-inverting output. Each branch has its own receiver which is connected to the non-inverted output of the supply means of that branch and the inverting output of the supply means of the other branch. Each receiver includes a difference amplifier which provides the output of the branch, and a network of resistors and diodes which feeds the difference amplifier.

Abstract: Inert non-magnetic metals are adhesively bonded to surfaces of metal oxides, for example ferrites, by means of a water vapor-hydrogen atmosphere. Reduction of the metal oxide only takes place at the interface of the inert metal and the metal oxide, after which the metal formed is partly dissolved in the inert metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a roll manufactured with a light waveguide conductor (LWG-conductor), in particular for the transmission of optical signals from and to, respectively, a moving body. A perfect winding construction from which the conductor can be unreeled without interference is obtained in that the LWG-conductor (1) is wound to form a self-supporting cross-roll without a winding core.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a memory having cells arranged in rows and columns, each cell having transistor being connected between two bit lines and having a current channel, a control gate and a charge-storage region therebetween, neighboring cells in a same row having a bit line contact in common, and control gates of transistors in a row being connected to a same word line, wherein each transistor has in a substrate of a first conductivity type a source region, a drain region and an injector region of a second conductivity type and mutually separated from each other, the injector regions of the transistors in a first row being controllable via the bit line contacts of the transistors in a second row adjacent to said first row. Preferably, at least one source region, at least one drain region and at least one injector region that are connected to a same bit line contact form a coherent region, e.g. a well, in the substrate. Preferably, the first and second row have the word line in common.

Abstract: A method of modulating an optical beam (1) and apparatus for use in such a method are described. An etalon structure (2) is provided which has an absorption edge in the vicinity of the wavelength of the optical beam (1) and which comprises material of a smaller band gap, for example gallium arsenide, sandwiched between layers of material of a larger band gap, for example aluminium gallium arsenide, so that the smaller band gap material forms a quantum size effect confinement region for electrons and holes. The smaller band gap material may consist of layers (4) separated by barrier layers (3) of the larger band gap material so that the layers (4) form quantum wells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a shear plate for a dry-shaver, which shear plate is formed with perforations, at least one side of a metal sheet being provided with a layer of a photosensitive material, which photosensitive material is exposed to radiation via a mask formed with a pattern of holes corresponding to the pattern of the perforations, after which the photosensitive material is developed and the perforations are formed in the metal sheet by etching. In accordance with the method a positive photosensitive material is used and in at least two stages at least two masks are employed, the method as defined above being carried out using a first mask and, subsequently, in the second stage using a second mask that part of the positive photosensitive material which was covered by the first mask being exposed to radiation, upon which said material is developed and the etching process is continued.

Abstract: In a charge-coupled SPS memory device, in which the transport takes place according to the "pushing" principle, it may occur that during the SP transport charge is injected into the substrate and diffuses via the substrate into the memory mat. In order to avoid this undesired injection of charge, the input is provided with means by which it is ensured that the storage site under the input gate is entirely empty during the SP transport.