Abstract: A tubular connector body (10) has one end (11) for receiving an optical fibre cable (1) having a plastics outer sleeve (3) protecting an optical fibre (2) and carries at the other end (12) connection means (20) for coupling to another similar connection body. A ferrule (30) is mounted within the other end (12) of the connector body (10) to support an exposed end portion (2a) of the optical fibre (2) within an irradiation settable adhesive material (40) injected into the ferrule (30). A deformable gripping member (50) is inserted into the one end (11) of the connector body (10) to grip an end portion (3a) of the plastics outer sleeve (3) of the cable upon deformation of the gripping member (50) by application of a force to the one end (11) of the tubular connector body (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to a planar optical isolator having a magneto optical gyrotropic layer and an anisotropic birefringent layer which are proportioned so that the non-reciprocal rotation of polarisation of the light (Faraday rotation) resulting from the action of a magnetic field in the forward direction of the isolator is at least substantially negatively equal to the reciprocal rotation of polarisation as a result of the birefringence, so that a TE-mode in the forward direction is guided with low damping, measures being taken for the intensive attenuation of at least one TM-mode. An isolator having a high isolating effect in which magneto optical gyrotropic layers and anisotropic birefringent layers can be connected epitaxially is obtained in that the waveguiding core layer comprises two rare earth-iron garnet (YIG) layers which are differently doped to obtain different specific birefringence.

Abstract: The lifetime of oxide cathodes comprising, for example BaO and SrO as an emissive material, is improved by adding hafnium oxide or zirconium oxide.

Abstract: In a dry shaving apparatus comprising a shaving head frame (5) detachably fixed to the basic apparatus (1) by at least one resilient latch element (2, 3) and carrying an apertured shear foil (4) and a slidable shutter (6), which serves to optionally cover or expose the apertured shear foil and which, when it is displaced in the direction away from the apertured shear foil, is displaceable into a switching-on position and subsequently into a further position, in which the motor current circuit is interrupted, it is ensured that the latch element cooperating with the shaving head frame is connected to a slide (17, 18), which is displaceable parallel to the direction of displacement of the shutter and cooperates with a spring (22, 23), which attempts to pass the slide and the latch element to the latched position holding the shaving head frame and the shutter, when it is displaced from the switching-on position to the further position, can be positively coupled after the interruption of the motor current circuit

Abstract: In an image intensifier tube comprising a photosensitive layer an insulating wall portion is coated with a layer of chromium oxide which is deposited in the form of a chromium nitrate layer which is subsequently baked at a temperature of approximately 525.degree. C. A thin, suitably adhesive, uniform and transparent coating layer having a comparatively high resistance value is thus achieved.

Abstract: An integrated semiconductor device including at least one optoelectronic switching element, which comprises:two rectilinear monomode optical guides crossing each other at an angle 20.theta. composed of at least one heterostructure of III-V material, which comprises a substrate S of a confinement material and a guiding layer C.sub.G as well as a guiding strip RB,a p-n junction formed in the crossing region asymmetrically with respect to the bi-secting longitudinal plane of the crossing angle,characterized in that the longitudinal dimension of the p-n junction largely exceeds that of the crossing region, and in that the p-n junction is arranged so as to project symmetrically on either side of this region in this longitudinal direction.

Abstract: An infrared detector array or other electrical transducer device comprising an electrically-active film (10) of polymer material is manufactured with a pattern of electrodes (11) embedded at one face of the film (10). The electrodes (11) are formed on a support (4,5) as a photolithographically defined pattern of deposited material. These electrodes (11) are then transferred to the film (10) by depositing the film material on the support (4,5) and over the electrodes (11) and removing the support (4,5) at least at the area of the electrodes (11). The polymer material of the film (10) bonds well to the electrodes (11). In this manner, fine-geometry patterns of thin electrodes (11) can be formed embedded in the face of the film (10) and having reproduceable electrode characteristics for charge detection at the film faces in piezoelectric pyroelectric and ferroelectric devices.

Abstract: During the recognition, speech values which are derived from sample values of the speech signals are compared with reference values, the words of a given vocabulary each time being given by a sequence of reference values. The words are then determined from phonemes according to a fixed pronouncing lexicon and the reference values for the phonemes are determined in a learning phase, each phoneme within a word consisting of a number of equal reference values determined in the learning phase. In order to approach transitions between phonemes, each phoneme may also consist of three sections of each time constant reference values. By the given number of reference values per phoneme, the time duration of a phoneme in a given word can be simulated more accurately. Different possibilities are indicated to determine the reference values and the distance value during the recognition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing an optical line, in which at least one LWG (4, 11, 15, 19) extends in an envelope (3, 9, 13, 18) with excess length and is fixed with respect to the envelope by positioning elements (7, 8, 12, 20). The adjustment of an exactly defined excess length of one or several LWGs is made possible without the use of expensive manufacturing devices in that the positioning elements (7, 8, 12, 20) are provided on the LWGs (4, 11, 15, 19) prior to or during the insertion in the envelope (3, 9, 13, 18) and that the LWGs are pulled in by unreeling forces acting on the envelope (3, 9, 13, 18).

Abstract: A method of recognizing a pattern in a field having a multi-valent amplitude, and a device for performing the method, uses association with a reference mask which is composed of logic high units and logic low units. The reference mask is sub-divided into two sub-masks, units having the same logic value belonging to the same sub-mask. The first and the second sub-mask contain relevant logic high units and logic low units, respectively. After the positioning of the sub-masks in the field, a relatively lowest and a relatively highest value of the amplitude are determined within the window of the first and the second sub-mask, respectively. When the difference formed by the relatively lowest value minus the relatively highest value is not negative, the desired pattern can in principle be recognized in the field. The device for performing the method includes at least one rank-value filter for determining the relatively highest value and the relatively lowest value.

Abstract: A phase-locked loop includes an oscillator controlled by means of a switching network and a microprocessor which generates, in response to the output of a phase detector, two groups of output signals. A first group (Q1 . . . QN) is for adjusting the frequency of the oscillator in steps by selectively switching in frequency determining elements, and a second group (P1 . . . PM) for feeding a pulse duration modulator. The pulse duration modulator produces a control signal for a frequency determining minimum element of the switching network. The control signal has a duty cycle indicative of the frequency determination contribution by the minimum element.

Abstract: An electric shaver is provided with a shaving part for short hair and a trimmer for long hair which can be moved relative to the shaving part, one wall of the shaver having a first control element which is coupled to an ON/OFF switching device for a drive mechanism, and another wall of the shaver having a second control element for movement of the trimmer. The shaver is provided with a third control element which is situated near the second control element, and which is also coupled to an ON/OFF switch for the drive mechanism.

Abstract: A direct conversion receiver for demodulating an FM signal converted frequency down converts the signal to quadrature related baseband signals (I,Q). These signals are applied by way of respective d.c. blocking capacitors (16, 18) and differentiating circuits (26, 28) to a differential arctan demodulator (20). The action of the differentiating circuits (26, 28) is to remove any d.c. component in the I and Q signals and to perform a frequency shaping which enables the demodulator (20) to recover correctly the modulating information. Measures are disclosed to overcome the effects of 180 degree phase jumps which will occur when the direction of rotation of the phasor reverses and of frequency dependent amplitude scaling introduced into the differentiated signals (I', Q').

Abstract: Low light level television system to detect the nocturnal light reflected from objects, comprising a main channel and acting on an extended range of wavelengths, provided with a low light level pick-up or detector tube, and a color channel, acting on a limited range of wavelengths, intended to bring forth the color for the formation of color images on a television monitor. The color channel includes an optical filter, which optical filter eliminates the infrared part of the reflected nocturnal light spectrum, a further low light level pick-up or detector tube, an electronic filter acting on the signal supplied by this further pick-up tube, the two tubes being placed side-by-side and being synchronized. The main and the color channels each act on a color channel of the monitor. The electronic filter provides a temporal integration over several fields. A processing circuit can combine the signals coming from the main and the color channels to act on a third color channel of the monitor.

Abstract: In order to boost the output power of a first amplifier (A1) a second amplifier (A2) can increase the supply voltage difference across the first amplifier (A1). However, variations of the supply voltage difference result in comparatively high distortion. In order to minimize this distortion while maintaining the output power, a signal-follower circuit generates a direct voltage lever which tracks a first output signal of the first amplifier, for which purpose the signal-follower circuit is driven by a third amplifier, which compares the first output signal with a reference signal.

Abstract: A signal equalizing arrangement comprises a decision feedback equalizer formed by a feedforward filter section (16) connected to a feedback filter section (18) which includes a decision stage (20). If the performance of the equalizing arrangement as determined by the signal to noise ratio versus the bit error rate is found to be below the calculated optimum performance of the decision feedback equalizer, then an improved performance may be obtained by operating the equalizer in a time reverse mode. In order to operate the equalizer in a time reverse mode, a first last-in, first-out store (60) is connected in the signal path to the feedforward filter section (16) and a second last-in, first-out store (62) is connected to the output of the decision stage (20).

Abstract: A charged particle beam apparatus comprising a particle source for generating a particle beam to irradiate a specimen located in a field space of a particle lens of the apparatus is provided with an auxiliary particle source for generating a particle beam of low energy particle to be injected into the lens field space and to be directed to the surface of the specimen by the same lens field.

Abstract: Method of determining the position of the optical axis of an optical waveguidde relative to a nominal axis, in which method the position of a light spot formed on a detector surface by a light beam leaving the optical waveguide is determined relative to the nominal position. A simple determination of the spatial position of an optical waveguide with respect to the angular and lateral position is possible in that the light beam is guided onto detector surfaces arranged at two different distances from the end face of the optical waveguide and in that the deviations of the light spots formed on the detector surfaces from their nominal positions are evaluated as criteria for the relative values of the angular and lateral positions of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A circuit for detecting a variation in power supply voltage includes first transistor (PM1) arranged as a current source and connected to the input (K1) of a current mirror (NM1, NM2), whose output (K2) is connected to a second transistor (PM2) arranged as a current source and to the output of the circuit. In the event of a temporary decrease in supply voltage this circuit will produce a pulse-shaped signal on its output, which signal can be employed as a trigger signal such as a reset signal in bistable circuits.

Abstract: Phase shifter to which are applied two signals in a phase opposition (v, -v) is constituted by a first series circuit of a resistor and a capacitor (R.sub.1, C.sub.1), and a second series circuit of a resistor and a capacitor (R.sub.2, C.sub.2). So that neither the relative amplitudes nor the relative phases of all the signals used at the outputs (5, 6, 7, 8) are degraded by the impedance of the stages that follow, the phase shifter includes a first network of a resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel (C.sub.3, R.sub.3), and a second network of a resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel (C.sub.4, R.sub.4). Both the four resistors and the four capacitors of the phase shifter are each substantially equal in value.